EndpointHtmlRendererTest.cs

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Endpoints.Forms;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Endpoints.Tests.TestComponents;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.Mapping;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Reflection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Rendering;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Test.Helpers;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Html;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.InternalTesting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;
using Moq;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Endpoints;

public class EndpointHtmlRendererTest
{
    private const string MarkerPrefix = "<!--Blazor:";
    private const string PrerenderedComponentPattern = "^<!--Blazor:(?<preamble>.*?)-->(?<content>.+?)<!--Blazor:(?<epilogue>.*?)-->$";
    private const string ComponentPattern = "^<!--Blazor:(.*?)-->$";

    private static readonly IDataProtectionProvider _dataprotectorProvider = new EphemeralDataProtectionProvider();

    private readonly IServiceProvider _services = CreateDefaultServiceCollection().BuildServiceProvider();
    private readonly TestEndpointHtmlRenderer renderer;

    public EndpointHtmlRendererTest()
    {
        renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ParameterlessComponent_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), new InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode(prerender: false), ParameterView.Empty);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", marker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, marker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).FullName, marker.TypeName);
        Assert.Empty(httpContext.Items);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ParameterlessComponent_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly, ParameterView.Empty);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", preambleMarker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, preambleMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).FullName, preambleMarker.TypeName);

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<h1>Hello from SimpleComponent</h1>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterValues);
        var (_, mode) = Assert.Single(httpContext.Items);
        var invoked = Assert.IsType<InvokedRenderModes>(mode);
        Assert.Equal(InvokedRenderModes.Mode.WebAssembly, invoked.Value);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ComponentWithParameters_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent),
            new InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode(prerender: false),
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Name", "Daniel" }
            }));
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", marker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, marker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, marker.TypeName);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(
            JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentParameter[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterDefinitions), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
        Assert.Equal("Daniel", rawValue.GetString());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ComponentWithNullParameters_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent),
            new InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode(prerender: false),
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Name", null }
            }));
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", marker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, marker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, marker.TypeName);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentParameter[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterDefinitions), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Null(value);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ComponentWithParameters_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent),
            RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Name", "Daniel" }
            }));
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", preambleMarker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, preambleMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, preambleMarker.TypeName);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentParameter[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(preambleMarker.ParameterDefinitions), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(preambleMarker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
        Assert.Equal("Daniel", rawValue.GetString());

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello Daniel!</p>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterValues);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ComponentWithNullParameters_ClientMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent),
            RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "Name", null }
            }));
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", preambleMarker.Type);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, preambleMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, preambleMarker.TypeName);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentParameter[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(preambleMarker.ParameterDefinitions), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(preambleMarker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions));
        Assert.Null(value);

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello (null)!</p>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Assembly);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.ParameterValues);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ParameterlessComponent()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), null, ParameterView.Empty);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal("<h1>Hello from SimpleComponent</h1>", content);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ParameterlessComponent_ServerMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), new InteractiveServerRenderMode(false), ParameterView.Empty);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, marker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(marker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", marker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(marker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        Assert.Equal("no-cache, no-store, max-age=0", httpContext.Response.Headers.CacheControl);
        Assert.DoesNotContain(httpContext.Items.Values, value => value is InvokedRenderModes);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ParameterlessComponent_ServerMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveServer, ParameterView.Empty);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, preambleMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", preambleMarker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotEqual(default, serverComponent);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(SimpleComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<h1>Hello from SimpleComponent</h1>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);

        Assert.Equal("no-cache, no-store, max-age=0", httpContext.Response.Headers.CacheControl);
        var (_, mode) = Assert.Single(httpContext.Items, (kvp) => kvp.Value is InvokedRenderModes);
        Assert.Equal(InvokedRenderModes.Mode.Server, ((InvokedRenderModes)mode).Value);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Prerender_ServerAndClientComponentUpdatesInvokedPrerenderModes()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", "SomeName" } });
        var server = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveServer, parameters);
        var client = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly, parameters);

        // Assert
        var (_, mode) = Assert.Single(httpContext.Items, (kvp) => kvp.Value is InvokedRenderModes);
        Assert.Equal(InvokedRenderModes.Mode.ServerAndWebAssembly, ((InvokedRenderModes)mode).Value);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRenderMultipleServerComponents()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var firstResult = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), new InteractiveServerRenderMode(true), ParameterView.Empty);
        var firstComponent = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(firstResult));
        var firstMatch = Regex.Match(firstComponent, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        var secondResult = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(SimpleComponent), new InteractiveServerRenderMode(false), ParameterView.Empty);
        var secondComponent = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(secondResult));
        var secondMatch = Regex.Match(secondComponent, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(firstMatch.Success);
        var preamble = firstMatch.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, preambleMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.Descriptor);

        var unprotectedFirstServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        var firstServerComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedFirstServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, firstServerComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, firstServerComponent.InvocationId);

        Assert.True(secondMatch.Success);
        var marker = secondMatch.Groups[1].Value;
        var markerMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(marker, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(1, markerMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.NotNull(markerMarker.Descriptor);

        var unprotectedSecondServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(markerMarker.Descriptor);
        var secondServerComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedSecondServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(1, secondServerComponent.Sequence);

        Assert.Equal(firstServerComponent.InvocationId, secondServerComponent.InvocationId);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ComponentWithParametersObject()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", "SomeName" } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), null, parameters);

        // Assert
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello SomeName!</p>", content);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ComponentWithParameters_ServerMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", "SomeName" } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), new InteractiveServerRenderMode(false), parameters);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, marker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(marker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", marker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(marker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
        var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
        Assert.Equal("SomeName", rawValue.GetString());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_ComponentWithNullParameters_ServerMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", null } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), new InteractiveServerRenderMode(false), parameters);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, ComponentPattern);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(match.Groups[1].Value, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, marker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(marker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", marker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(marker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        Assert.NotNull(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
        Assert.Null(value);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ComponentWithParameters_ServerPrerenderedMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", "SomeName" } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveServer, parameters);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, preambleMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", preambleMarker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotEqual(default, serverComponent);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
        var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
        Assert.Equal("SomeName", rawValue.GetString());

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello SomeName!</p>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanPrerender_ComponentWithNullParameters_ServerPrerenderedMode()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", null } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), RenderMode.InteractiveServer, parameters);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Multiline);

        // Assert
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(0, preambleMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Equal("server", preambleMarker.Type);

        var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(preambleMarker.Descriptor);
        var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotEqual(default, serverComponent);
        Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
        Assert.Equal(typeof(GreetingComponent).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
        Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

        Assert.NotNull(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
        Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.TypeName);
        Assert.Null(parameterDefinition.Assembly);

        var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
        Assert.Null(value);

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello (null)!</p>", prerenderedContent);

        var epilogue = match.Groups["epilogue"].Value;
        var epilogueMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(epilogue, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.Equal(preambleMarker.PrerenderId, epilogueMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Sequence);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Descriptor);
        Assert.Null(epilogueMarker.Type);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task ComponentWithInvalidRenderMode_Throws()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act & Assert
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name", "SomeName" } });
        var ex = await ExceptionAssert.ThrowsArgumentAsync(
            async () => await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(GreetingComponent), new NonexistentRenderMode(), parameters),
            "renderMode",
            $"Server-side rendering does not support the render mode '{typeof(NonexistentRenderMode)}'.");
    }

    class NonexistentRenderMode : IComponentRenderMode { }

    [Fact]
    public async Task RenderComponent_DoesNotInvokeOnAfterRenderInComponent()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act
        var state = new OnAfterRenderState();
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "state", state } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(OnAfterRenderComponent), null, parameters);

        // Assert
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello</p>", content);
        Assert.False(state.OnAfterRenderRan);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task DisposableComponents_GetDisposedAfterScopeCompletes()
    {
        // Arrange
        var collection = CreateDefaultServiceCollection();
        collection.TryAddScoped<EndpointHtmlRenderer>();
        collection.TryAddSingleton(HtmlEncoder.Default);
        collection.TryAddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(NullLoggerFactory.Instance);
        collection.TryAddSingleton<ServerComponentSerializer>();
        collection.TryAddSingleton(_dataprotectorProvider);
        collection.TryAddSingleton<WebAssemblyComponentSerializer>();

        var provider = collection.BuildServiceProvider();
        var scope = provider.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope();
        var scopedProvider = scope.ServiceProvider;
        var context = new DefaultHttpContext() { RequestServices = scopedProvider };
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext(context);
        var renderer = scopedProvider.GetRequiredService<EndpointHtmlRenderer>();

        // Act
        var state = new AsyncDisposableState();
        var parameters = ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object> { { "state", state } });
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(AsyncDisposableComponent), null, parameters);

        // Assert
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));
        Assert.Equal("<p>Hello</p>", content);
        await ((IAsyncDisposable)scope).DisposeAsync();

        Assert.True(state.AsyncDisposableRan);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanCatch_ComponentWithSynchronousException()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act & Assert
        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () => await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(
            httpContext,
            typeof(ExceptionComponent),
            null,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "IsAsync", false }
            })));

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal("Threw an exception synchronously", exception.Message);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanCatch_ComponentWithAsynchronousException()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act & Assert
        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () => await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(
            httpContext,
            typeof(ExceptionComponent),
            null,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "IsAsync", true }
            })));

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal("Threw an exception asynchronously", exception.Message);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Rendering_ComponentWithJsInteropThrows()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act & Assert
        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () => await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(
            httpContext,
            typeof(ExceptionComponent),
            null,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "JsInterop", true }
            })));

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal("JavaScript interop calls cannot be issued during server-side static rendering, because the page "
            + "has not yet loaded in the browser. Statically-rendered components must wrap any JavaScript interop calls "
            + "in conditional logic to ensure those interop calls are not attempted during static rendering.",
            exception.Message);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task UriHelperRedirect_ThrowsInvalidOperationException_WhenResponseHasAlreadyStarted()
    {
        // Arrange
        var ctx = new DefaultHttpContext();
        ctx.Request.Scheme = "http";
        ctx.Request.Host = new HostString("localhost");
        ctx.Request.PathBase = "/base";
        ctx.Request.Path = "/path";
        ctx.Request.QueryString = new QueryString("?query=value");
        var responseMock = new Mock<IHttpResponseFeature>();
        responseMock.Setup(r => r.HasStarted).Returns(true);
        ctx.Features.Set(responseMock.Object);
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext(ctx);

        // Act
        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () => await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(
            httpContext,
            typeof(RedirectComponent),
            null,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "RedirectUri", "http://localhost/redirect" }
            })));

        Assert.Equal("A navigation command was attempted during prerendering after the server already started sending the response. " +
                        "Navigation commands can not be issued during server-side prerendering after the response from the server has started. Applications must buffer the" +
                        "response and avoid using features like FlushAsync() before all components on the page have been rendered to prevent failed navigation commands.",
            exception.Message);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task HtmlHelper_Redirects_WhenComponentNavigates()
    {
        // Arrange
        var ctx = new DefaultHttpContext();
        ctx.Request.Scheme = "http";
        ctx.Request.Host = new HostString("localhost");
        ctx.Request.PathBase = "/base";
        ctx.Request.Path = "/path";
        ctx.Request.QueryString = new QueryString("?query=value");
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext(ctx);

        // Act
        await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(
            httpContext,
            typeof(RedirectComponent),
            null,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                { "RedirectUri", "http://localhost/redirect" }
            }));

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal(302, ctx.Response.StatusCode);
        Assert.Equal("http://localhost/redirect", ctx.Response.Headers.Location);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanRender_AsyncComponent()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(AsyncComponent), null, ParameterView.Empty);
        var content = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => HtmlContentToString(result));

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal("Loaded", content);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async void Duplicate_NamedEventHandlers_AcrossComponents_ThowsOnDispatch()
    {
        // Arrange
        var expectedError = @"There is more than one named submit event with the name 'default'. Ensure named submit events have unique names, or are in scopes with distinct names. The following components use this name:
 - TestComponent > NamedEventHandlerComponent
 - TestComponent > OtherNamedEventHandlerComponent";

        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var component = new TestComponent(builder =>
        {
            builder.OpenComponent<NamedEventHandlerComponent>(0);
            builder.CloseComponent();
            builder.OpenComponent<OtherNamedEventHandlerComponent>(1);
            builder.CloseComponent();
        });

        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.BeginRenderingComponent(component, ParameterView.Empty).QuiescenceTask);

        // Act/Assert
        bool isBadRequest;
        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("default", out isBadRequest));
        Assert.Equal(expectedError.ReplaceLineEndings(), exception.Message.ReplaceLineEndings());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CanDispatchNamedEvent_ToComponent()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var invoked = false;
        var handler = () => { invoked = true; };
        var isBadRequest = false;
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () =>
        {
            var result = renderer.BeginRenderingComponent(
                typeof(NamedEventHandlerComponent),
                ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
                {
                    [nameof(NamedEventHandlerComponent.Handler)] = handler
                }));

            await result.QuiescenceTask;

            // Act
            await renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("default", out isBadRequest);
        });

        // Assert
        Assert.True(invoked);
        Assert.False(isBadRequest);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Dispatching_WhenNoHandlerIsSpecified_Throws()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var isBadRequest = false;
        var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
        var bodyStream = new MemoryStream();
        httpContext.Response.Body = bodyStream;
        httpContext.RequestServices = new ServiceCollection()
            .AddSingleton<IHostEnvironment>(new TestEnvironment(Environments.Development))
            .BuildServiceProvider();

        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () =>
        {
            await renderer.RenderEndpointComponent(httpContext, typeof(NamedEventHandlerComponent), ParameterView.Empty, true);

            // Act
            await renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync(null, out isBadRequest);
        });

        httpContext.Response.Body.Position = 0;

        Assert.True(isBadRequest);
        Assert.Equal(400, httpContext.Response.StatusCode);
        Assert.StartsWith("The POST request does not specify which form is being submitted.",
            await new StreamReader(bodyStream).ReadToEndAsync());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Dispatching_WhenNamedEventDoesNotExist_Throws()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var isBadRequest = false;
        var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
        var bodyStream = new MemoryStream();
        httpContext.Response.Body = bodyStream;
        httpContext.RequestServices = new ServiceCollection()
            .AddSingleton<IHostEnvironment>(new TestEnvironment(Environments.Development))
            .BuildServiceProvider();

        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () =>
        {
            await renderer.RenderEndpointComponent(httpContext, typeof(NamedEventHandlerComponent), ParameterView.Empty, true);

            // Act
            await renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("other", out isBadRequest);
        });

        httpContext.Response.Body.Position = 0;

        Assert.True(isBadRequest);
        Assert.Equal(400, httpContext.Response.StatusCode);
        Assert.StartsWith("Cannot submit the form 'other' because",
            await new StreamReader(bodyStream).ReadToEndAsync());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Dispatching_WhenComponentHasRerendered_UsesCurrentDelegate()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var continuationTcs = new TaskCompletionSource();
        var isBadRequest = false;

        // Act
        var component = new MultiAsyncRenderNamedEventHandlerComponent { Continue = continuationTcs.Task };
        var result = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.BeginRenderingComponent(component, ParameterView.Empty));

        // Assert: it won't complete until we allow it
        await Task.Delay(500);
        Assert.False(result.QuiescenceTask.IsCompleted);
        continuationTcs.SetResult();
        await result.QuiescenceTask;

        // Act/Assert: Dispatching the event uses the final delegate, not the intermediate one
        Assert.Null(component.Message);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("default", out isBadRequest));
        Assert.Equal("Received call to updated handler", component.Message);
        Assert.False(isBadRequest);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Dispatching_WhenComponentReRendersNamedEventAtSameLocation()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var continuationTcs = new TaskCompletionSource();
        var firstRender = true;
        var isBadRequest = false;
        var eventReceivedCount = 0;

        // Act
        TestComponent component = null;
        component = new TestComponent(builder =>
        {
            // Since the key will change, the diffing system will process what follows as new
            // content. It happens to deal with the "add" side of that before the "remove"
            // side of that, which means the resulting batch will try to add a second copy
            // of the named event before it removes the old copy. This test just needs to
            // observe it doesn't lead to a problem. At one point in development this was a bug.
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            builder.SetKey(firstRender);

            builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", () => { eventReceivedCount++; component.TriggerRender(); });
            builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "my-name");
            builder.CloseElement();

            firstRender = false;
        });
        var result = await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.BeginRenderingComponent(component, ParameterView.Empty));

        // Act/Assert
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("my-name", out isBadRequest));
        Assert.False(isBadRequest);
        Assert.Equal(1, eventReceivedCount);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Dispatching_WhenNamedEventChangesName()
    {
        // Arrange
        var renderer = GetEndpointHtmlRenderer();
        var continuationTcs = new TaskCompletionSource();
        var firstRender = true;
        var isBadRequest = false;
        var eventReceivedCount = 0;
        var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
        var bodyStream = new MemoryStream();
        httpContext.Response.Body = bodyStream;
        httpContext.RequestServices = new ServiceCollection()
            .AddSingleton<IHostEnvironment>(new TestEnvironment(Environments.Development))
            .BuildServiceProvider();

        TestComponent component = null;
        component = new TestComponent(builder =>
        {
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", () => { eventReceivedCount++; });
            builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", firstRender ? "my-name-1" : "my-name-2");
            builder.CloseElement();
            firstRender = false;
        });

        // Act
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () =>
        {
            await renderer.RenderEndpointComponent(httpContext, typeof(EmptyComponent), ParameterView.Empty, true);
            await renderer.BeginRenderingComponent(component, ParameterView.Empty).QuiescenceTask;
        });

        // Cause the name to change
        component.TriggerRender();

        // Act/Assert: Can dispatch with new name
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("my-name-2", out isBadRequest));
        Assert.False(isBadRequest);
        Assert.Equal(1, eventReceivedCount);

        // Act/Assert: Cannot dispatch with old name
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.DispatchSubmitEventAsync("my-name-1", out isBadRequest));
        Assert.Equal(1, eventReceivedCount);
        Assert.True(isBadRequest);
        Assert.Equal(400, httpContext.Response.StatusCode);
        httpContext.Response.Body.Position = 0;
        Assert.StartsWith("Cannot submit the form 'my-name-1' because",
            await new StreamReader(bodyStream).ReadToEndAsync());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task RenderMode_CanRenderInteractiveComponents()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();
        var protector = _dataprotectorProvider.CreateProtector(ServerComponentSerializationSettings.DataProtectionProviderPurpose)
            .ToTimeLimitedDataProtector();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(ComponentWithInteractiveChildren), null, ParameterView.Empty);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();

        // Assert
        var lines = content.Replace("\r\n", "\n").Split('\n');
        var serverMarkerMatch = Regex.Match(lines[0], PrerenderedComponentPattern);
        var serverNonPrerenderedMarkerMatch = Regex.Match(lines[1], ComponentPattern);
        var webAssemblyMarkerMatch = Regex.Match(lines[2], PrerenderedComponentPattern);
        var webAssemblyNonPrerenderedMarkerMatch = Regex.Match(lines[3], ComponentPattern);

        // Server
        {
            var markerText = serverMarkerMatch.Groups[1].Value;
            var innerHtml = serverMarkerMatch.Groups[2].Value;

            var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(markerText, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(0, marker.Sequence);
            Assert.NotNull(marker.PrerenderId);
            Assert.NotNull(marker.Descriptor);
            Assert.Equal("server", marker.Type);

            var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(marker.Descriptor);
            var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(0, serverComponent.Sequence);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingServer).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingServer).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
            Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

            var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
            Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
            Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
            Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

            var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
            var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
            Assert.Equal("ServerPrerendered", rawValue.GetString());

            Assert.Equal("<p>Hello ServerPrerendered!</p>", innerHtml);
        }

        // ServerNonPrerendered
        {
            var markerText = serverNonPrerenderedMarkerMatch.Groups[1].Value;

            var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(markerText, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(1, marker.Sequence);
            Assert.Null(marker.PrerenderId);
            Assert.NotNull(marker.Descriptor);
            Assert.Equal("server", marker.Type);

            var unprotectedServerComponent = protector.Unprotect(marker.Descriptor);
            var serverComponent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ServerComponent>(unprotectedServerComponent, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(1, serverComponent.Sequence);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingServer).Assembly.GetName().Name, serverComponent.AssemblyName);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingServerNonPrerendered).FullName, serverComponent.TypeName);
            Assert.NotEqual(Guid.Empty, serverComponent.InvocationId);

            var parameterDefinition = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterDefinitions);
            Assert.Equal("Name", parameterDefinition.Name);
            Assert.Equal("System.String", parameterDefinition.TypeName);
            Assert.Equal("System.Private.CoreLib", parameterDefinition.Assembly);

            var value = Assert.Single(serverComponent.ParameterValues);
            var rawValue = Assert.IsType<JsonElement>(value);
            Assert.Equal("Server", rawValue.GetString());
        }

        // WebAssembly
        {
            var markerText = webAssemblyMarkerMatch.Groups[1].Value;
            var innerHtml = webAssemblyMarkerMatch.Groups[2].Value;

            var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(markerText, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingWebAssembly).FullName, marker.TypeName);

            var parameterValues = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal("WebAssemblyPrerendered", parameterValues.Single().ToString());

            Assert.Equal("<p>Hello WebAssemblyPrerendered!</p>", innerHtml);
        }

        // WebAssemblyNonPrerendered
        {
            var markerText = webAssemblyNonPrerenderedMarkerMatch.Groups[1].Value;

            var marker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(markerText, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal(typeof(InteractiveGreetingWebAssemblyNonPrerendered).FullName, marker.TypeName);

            var parameterValues = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<object[]>(Convert.FromBase64String(marker.ParameterValues), WebAssemblyComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
            Assert.Equal("WebAssembly", parameterValues.Single().ToString());
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task DoesNotEmitNestedRenderModeBoundaries()
    {
        // Arrange
        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        var writer = new StringWriter();

        // Act
        var result = await renderer.PrerenderComponentAsync(httpContext, typeof(InteractiveWithInteractiveChild),
            null,
            ParameterView.Empty);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default));
        var content = writer.ToString();

        // Assert
        var numMarkers = Regex.Matches(content, MarkerPrefix).Count;
        Assert.Equal(2, numMarkers); // A start and an end marker

        var match = Regex.Match(content, PrerenderedComponentPattern, RegexOptions.Singleline);
        Assert.True(match.Success);
        var preamble = match.Groups["preamble"].Value;
        var preambleMarker = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentMarker>(preamble, ServerComponentSerializationSettings.JsonSerializationOptions);
        Assert.NotNull(preambleMarker.PrerenderId);
        Assert.Equal("webassembly", preambleMarker.Type);

        var prerenderedContent = match.Groups["content"].Value;
        Assert.Equal("<h1>This is InteractiveWithInteractiveChild</h1>\n\n<p>Hello from InteractiveGreetingServer!</p>", prerenderedContent.Replace("\r\n", "\n"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_EmptyWhenNoDeclaredRenderModes()
    {
        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);

        Assert.Equal(EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent.Empty, content);
    }

    public static TheoryData<IComponentRenderMode> SingleComponentRenderModeData => new TheoryData<IComponentRenderMode>
    {
        RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
        RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly
    };

    [Theory]
    [MemberData(nameof(SingleComponentRenderModeData))]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_SelectsSingleStoreCorrectly(IComponentRenderMode renderMode)
    {
        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([renderMode]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);

        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        switch (renderMode)
        {
            case InteractiveServerRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
                break;
            default:
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {renderMode}");
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_MultipleStoresCorrectly()
    {
        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([RenderMode.InteractiveServer, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);

        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
        Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData("server")]
    [InlineData("wasm")]
    [InlineData("auto")]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_PersistToStores_OnlyWhenContentIsAvailable(string renderMode)
    {
        IComponentRenderMode persistenceMode = renderMode switch
        {
            "server" => RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
            "wasm" => RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            "auto" => RenderMode.InteractiveAuto,
            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {renderMode}"),
        };

        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([RenderMode.InteractiveServer, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var state = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<PersistentComponentState>();

        state.RegisterOnPersisting(() =>
        {
            state.PersistAsJson(renderMode, "persisted");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }, persistenceMode);

        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);

        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        switch (persistenceMode)
        {
            case InteractiveServerRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveAutoRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData("server")]
    [InlineData("wasm")]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_PersistToStores_DoesNotNeedToInferRenderMode_ForSingleRenderMode(string declaredRenderMode)
    {
        IComponentRenderMode configuredMode = declaredRenderMode switch
        {
            "server" => RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
            "wasm" => RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            "auto" => RenderMode.InteractiveAuto,
            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {declaredRenderMode}"),
        };

        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([configuredMode]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var state = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<PersistentComponentState>();

        state.RegisterOnPersisting(() =>
        {
            state.PersistAsJson("key", "persisted");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        });

        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);

        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        switch (configuredMode)
        {
            case InteractiveServerRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_Throws_WhenItCanInfer_CallbackRenderMode_ForMultipleRenderModes()
    {
        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([RenderMode.InteractiveServer, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var state = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<PersistentComponentState>();

        state.RegisterOnPersisting(() =>
        {
            state.PersistAsJson("key", "persisted");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        });

        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () => await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext));
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData("server")]
    [InlineData("auto")]
    [InlineData("wasm")]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_InfersCallbackRenderMode_ForMultipleRenderModes(string renderMode)
    {
        IComponentRenderMode persistenceMode = renderMode switch
        {
            "server" => RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
            "wasm" => RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            "auto" => RenderMode.InteractiveAuto,
            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {renderMode}"),
        };
        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([RenderMode.InteractiveServer, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var state = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<PersistentComponentState>();

        var ssrBoundary = new SSRRenderModeBoundary(httpContext, typeof(PersistenceComponent), persistenceMode);
        var id = renderer.AssignRootComponentId(ssrBoundary);

        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.RenderRootComponentAsync(id, ParameterView.Empty));

        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);
        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        switch (persistenceMode)
        {
            case InteractiveServerRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveAutoRenderMode:
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    [Theory]
    [InlineData("server", "server", true)]
    [InlineData("auto", "server", true)]
    [InlineData("auto", "wasm", true)]
    [InlineData("wasm", "wasm", true)]
    // Note that when an incompatible explicit render mode is specified we don't serialize the data.
    [InlineData("server", "wasm", false)]
    [InlineData("wasm", "server", false)]
    public async Task PrerenderedState_ExplicitRenderModes_AreRespected(string renderMode, string declared, bool persisted)
    {
        IComponentRenderMode persistenceMode = renderMode switch
        {
            "server" => RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
            "wasm" => RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            "auto" => RenderMode.InteractiveAuto,
            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {renderMode}"),
        };

        IComponentRenderMode configuredMode = declared switch
        {
            "server" => RenderMode.InteractiveServer,
            "wasm" => RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly,
            "auto" => RenderMode.InteractiveAuto,
            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected render mode: {declared}"),
        };

        var declaredRenderModesMetadata = new ConfiguredRenderModesMetadata([configuredMode]);
        var endpoint = new Endpoint((context) => Task.CompletedTask, new EndpointMetadataCollection(declaredRenderModesMetadata),
            "TestEndpoint");

        var httpContext = GetHttpContext();
        httpContext.SetEndpoint(endpoint);
        var state = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<PersistentComponentState>();

        var ssrBoundary = new SSRRenderModeBoundary(httpContext, typeof(PersistenceComponent), configuredMode);
        var id = renderer.AssignRootComponentId(ssrBoundary);
        await renderer.Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => renderer.RenderRootComponentAsync(
            id,
            ParameterView.FromDictionary(new Dictionary<string, object>
            {
                ["Mode"] = renderMode,
            })));

        var content = await renderer.PrerenderPersistedStateAsync(httpContext);
        Assert.NotNull(content);
        var stateContent = Assert.IsType<EndpointHtmlRenderer.ComponentStateHtmlContent>(content);
        switch (configuredMode)
        {
            case InteractiveServerRenderMode:
                if (persisted)
                {
                    Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore);
                    Assert.NotNull(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                }
                else
                {
                    Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore.PersistedState);
                }
                Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                break;
            case InteractiveWebAssemblyRenderMode:
                if (persisted)
                {
                    Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore);
                    Assert.NotNull(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                }
                else
                {
                    Assert.Null(stateContent.WebAssemblyStore.PersistedState);
                }
                Assert.Null(stateContent.ServerStore);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private class NamedEventHandlerComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        [Parameter]
        public Action Handler { get; set; }

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", Handler ?? (() => { }));
            builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "default");
            builder.CloseElement();
        }
    }

    private class MultiRenderNamedEventHandlerComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        private bool hasRendered;

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            if (!hasRendered)
            {
                builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", () => { });
                builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "default");
            }
            else
            {
                builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", () => { GC.KeepAlive(new object()); });
                builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "default");
            }
            builder.CloseElement();
            if (!hasRendered)
            {
                hasRendered = true;
                StateHasChanged();
            }
        }
    }

    private class MultiAsyncRenderNamedEventHandlerComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        private bool hasRendered;

        public string Message { get; private set; }

        [Parameter] public Task Continue { get; set; }

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", !hasRendered
                ? () => { Message = "Received call to original handler"; }
            : () => { Message = "Received call to updated handler"; });
            builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "default");
            builder.CloseElement();
        }

        protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
        {
            await Continue;
            hasRendered = true;
        }
    }

    private class OtherNamedEventHandlerComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.OpenElement(0, "form");
            builder.AddAttribute(1, "onsubmit", () => { });
            builder.AddNamedEvent("onsubmit", "default");
            builder.CloseElement();
        }
    }

    class TestComponent : AutoRenderComponent
    {
        private readonly RenderFragment _renderFragment;

        public TestComponent(RenderFragment renderFragment)
        {
            _renderFragment = renderFragment;
        }

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
            => _renderFragment(builder);
    }

    class PersistenceComponent : IComponent
    {
        [Inject] public PersistentComponentState State { get; set; }

        [Parameter] public string Mode { get; set; }

        private Task PersistState()
        {
            State.PersistAsJson("key", "value");
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }

        public void Attach(RenderHandle renderHandle)
        {
        }

        public Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
        {
            ComponentProperties.SetProperties(parameters, this);
            switch (Mode)
            {
                case "server":
                    State.RegisterOnPersisting(PersistState, RenderMode.InteractiveServer);
                    break;
                case "wasm":
                    State.RegisterOnPersisting(PersistState, RenderMode.InteractiveWebAssembly);
                    break;
                case "auto":
                    State.RegisterOnPersisting(PersistState, RenderMode.InteractiveAuto);
                    break;
                default:
                    State.RegisterOnPersisting(PersistState);
                    break;
            }
            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }

    private static string HtmlContentToString(IHtmlAsyncContent result)
    {
        var writer = new StringWriter();
        result.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default);
        return writer.ToString();
    }

    private TestEndpointHtmlRenderer GetEndpointHtmlRenderer(IServiceProvider services = null)
    {
        var effectiveServices = services ?? _services;
        return new TestEndpointHtmlRenderer(effectiveServices, NullLoggerFactory.Instance);
    }

    private class TestEndpointHtmlRenderer : EndpointHtmlRenderer
    {
        public TestEndpointHtmlRenderer(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) : base(serviceProvider, loggerFactory)
        {
        }

        internal int TestAssignRootComponentId(IComponent component)
        {
            return base.AssignRootComponentId(component);
        }
    }

    private HttpContext GetHttpContext(HttpContext context = null)
    {
        context ??= new DefaultHttpContext();
        context.RequestServices ??= _services;
        context.Request.Scheme = "http";
        context.Request.Host = new HostString("localhost");
        context.Request.PathBase = "/base";
        context.Request.Path = "/path";
        context.Request.QueryString = QueryString.FromUriComponent("?query=value");

        return context;
    }

    private static ServiceCollection CreateDefaultServiceCollection()
    {
        var services = new ServiceCollection();
        services.AddSingleton(_dataprotectorProvider);
        services.AddSingleton<IJSRuntime, UnsupportedJavaScriptRuntime>();
        services.AddSingleton<NavigationManager, HttpNavigationManager>();
        services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory, NullLoggerFactory>();
        services.AddSingleton<ILogger<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>, NullLogger<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>>();
        services.AddSingleton<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>();
        services.AddSingleton(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>().State);
        services.AddSingleton<ServerComponentSerializer>();
        services.AddSingleton<HttpContextFormDataProvider>();
        services.AddAntiforgery();
        services.AddSingleton<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>();
        services.AddSingleton<PersistentComponentState>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<ComponentStatePersistenceManager>().State);
        services.AddSingleton<AntiforgeryStateProvider, EndpointAntiforgeryStateProvider>();
        services.AddSingleton<ICascadingValueSupplier>(_ => new SupplyParameterFromFormValueProvider(null, ""));
        services.AddScoped<ResourceCollectionProvider>();
        return services;
    }

    private class RedirectComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        [Inject] NavigationManager NavigationManager { get; set; }

        [Parameter] public string RedirectUri { get; set; }

        [Parameter] public bool Force { get; set; }

        protected override void OnInitialized()
        {
            NavigationManager.NavigateTo(RedirectUri, Force);
        }
    }

    private class ExceptionComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        [Parameter] public bool IsAsync { get; set; }

        [Parameter] public bool JsInterop { get; set; }

        [Inject] IJSRuntime JsRuntime { get; set; }

        protected override async Task OnParametersSetAsync()
        {
            if (JsInterop)
            {
                await JsRuntime.InvokeAsync<int>("window.alert", "Interop!");
            }

            if (!IsAsync)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Threw an exception synchronously");
            }
            else
            {
                await Task.Yield();
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Threw an exception asynchronously");
            }
        }
    }

    private class OnAfterRenderComponent : ComponentBase
    {
        [Parameter] public OnAfterRenderState State { get; set; }

        protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
        {
            State.OnAfterRenderRan = true;
        }

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.AddMarkupContent(0, "<p>Hello</p>");
        }
    }

    private class OnAfterRenderState
    {
        public bool OnAfterRenderRan { get; set; }
    }

    private class AsyncDisposableComponent : ComponentBase, IAsyncDisposable
    {
        [Parameter] public AsyncDisposableState State { get; set; }

        protected override void BuildRenderTree(RenderTreeBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.AddMarkupContent(0, "<p>Hello</p>");
        }

        public ValueTask DisposeAsync()
        {
            State.AsyncDisposableRan = true;
            return default;
        }
    }

    class EmptyComponent : ComponentBase { }

    private class AsyncDisposableState
    {
        public bool AsyncDisposableRan { get; set; }
    }

    private class TestEnvironment(string environmentName) : IHostEnvironment
    {
        public string EnvironmentName { get => environmentName; set => throw new NotImplementedException(); }
        public string ApplicationName { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); }
        public string ContentRootPath { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); }
        public IFileProvider ContentRootFileProvider { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); }
    }
}