Support PHP 8.1 Backed Enum's (casting to string or int)

[ThomasLandauer]

Feature Request

Q	A
New Feature	yes
RFC	yes https://www.php.net/manual/language.enumerations.php
BC Break	no

Summary

Symfony 5.4 supports an EnumType Field in its forms: https://symfony.com/doc/5.4/reference/forms/types/enum.html It would be nice to be able to map this to an entity as-is. Right now, you need to manually transform the Enum object to its backed string (or int). So far, I see three ways to achieve this:

1. Creating a Symfony Data Transformer: https://symfony.com/doc/5.4/form/data_transformers.html#creating-the-transformer
2. Convert it in the entity's setter/getter:

   public function setMimetype(?MimetypeEnum $mimetype): self
   {
       $this->mimetype = $mimetype->value;
       return $this;
   }
   public function getMimetype(): ?MimetypeEnum
   {
       return Mimetype::from($this->mimetype);
   }

3. Setting up a Custom Mapping Type in Doctrine: https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-dbal/en/latest/reference/types.html#custom-mapping-types

So instead of having each user figure this out themselves, I'm suggesting to add two new types: enum_string and enum_int.

[derrabus]

Duplicate of doctrine/orm#9021

[greg0ire]

Relates to #5036

[github-actions]

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