DBAL-131: Remove Static Types

[doctrinebot]

Jira issue originally created by user @beberlei:

the static types should be removed and made to instances of types that can differ between platforms.

Following reasons:

1. Some vendors already convert values to PHP types, for example integers. Not converting again could save about 15% wall-time for integers for example.
2. Some vendors require different type code, this is currently handled by expensive if checks.
3. If you want to change a type for one vendor but also use another vendor in the same request, then you have a problem currently.
4. If types were platform aware then we could make registering custom types simpler.

[morozov]

Closing as a duplicate of #2841.

[github-actions]

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