diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
index 5a3c6fb6d1f6f..fd845c512dcdb 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ rm -rf ${source_dir}/python/pyarrow/*.so.*
 
 echo "=== (${PYTHON_VERSION}) Set SDK, C++ and Wheel flags ==="
 export _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM="macosx-${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}-${arch}"
-export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:-10.14}
+export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET:-10.15}
 export SDKROOT=${SDKROOT:-$(xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-path)}
 
 if [ $arch = "arm64" ]; then
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-debug.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-debug.cmake
index 580b4604d522f..8abc1ebf838f1 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-debug.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-debug.cmake
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
 
 set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES "x86_64;arm64")
-set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "10.14")
+set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "10.15")
 
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE debug)
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-release.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-release.cmake
index 7247d0af351c5..2eb36c15175b2 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-release.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/universal2-osx-static-release.cmake
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
 
 set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES "x86_64;arm64")
-set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "10.14")
+set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "10.15")
 
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
diff --git a/dev/tasks/java-jars/github.yml b/dev/tasks/java-jars/github.yml
index 7dc53a35ef402..fbce12ee427e1 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/java-jars/github.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/java-jars/github.yml
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
           - { runs_on: ["macos-latest"], arch: "x86_64"}
           - { runs_on: ["self-hosted", "macOS", "arm64", "devops-managed"], arch: "aarch_64" }
     env:
-      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "10.13"
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "10.15"
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
       - name: Set up Python
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index b8d2f6c0a0086..15fac25d26d65 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ tasks:
 
 {############################## Wheel OSX ####################################}
 
-{% for macos_version, macos_codename in [("10.14", "mojave")] %}
+{% for macos_version, macos_codename in [("10.15", "catalina")] %}
   {% set platform_tag = "macosx_{}_x86_64".format(macos_version.replace('.', '_')) %}
 
   wheel-macos-{{ macos_codename }}-{{ python_tag }}-amd64:
diff --git a/python/CMakeLists.txt b/python/CMakeLists.txt
index 86285c3dc381b..529265235c746 100644
--- a/python/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH 1)
 if(DEFINED ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
   set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
 else()
-  set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.14)
+  set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.15)
 endif()
 
 # Generate a Clang compile_commands.json "compilation database" file for use
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow/ext/arrow/extconf.rb b/ruby/red-arrow/ext/arrow/extconf.rb
index 8043bb689fc17..7ef3c6c83432a 100644
--- a/ruby/red-arrow/ext/arrow/extconf.rb
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow/ext/arrow/extconf.rb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
   symbols_in_external_bundles.each do |symbol|
     $DLDFLAGS << " -Wl,-U,#{symbol}"
   end
-  mmacosx_version_min = "-mmacosx-version-min=10.14"
+  mmacosx_version_min = "-mmacosx-version-min=10.15"
   $CFLAGS << " #{mmacosx_version_min}"
   $CXXFLAGS << " #{mmacosx_version_min}"
 end