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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0' />
<meta name='apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style' content='black' />
<meta name='apple-mobile-web-app-capable' content='yes' />
<meta property='og:title' content='Kenya Education' />
<meta property='og:type' content='website' />
<meta property='og:site_name' content='Kenya Education' />
<meta property='fb:admins' content='8806219' />
<meta property='og:description' content='Kenya Education' />
<link rel='apple-touch-startup-image' href='img/ipad-icon.jpg' />
<title>Exploring Kenyan Education</title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='css/style.css' type='text/css' />
<!--[if IE 7]>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='css/ie7.css' type='text/css' />
<![endif]-->
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
</head>
<body>
<div id='sidebar'>
<div class='introduction'>
<h1 class='heading'><a href='/kenya-bank/'>Exploring Kenyan Education</a></h1>
<div class='limiter'>
<h3>Visualizing education data in Kenya reveals a dynamic picture of the present situation as well as future challenges and opportunities.</h3>
<p class='heading'>With 50 percent of the population under the age of 18 it is increasingly important to increase education transparency as the country invests in these future leaders. This site is a tool to explore the education landscape.</p>
</div>
</div>
<ul id='nav' class='clearfix limiter layers'>
<li class='active'><a id='context' hash='context' href='#context' data-story='context' class='active'>Context</a></li>
<li><a id='performance' hash='performance' href='#performance' data-story='performance'>Performance</a></li>
<li><a id='investment' hash='investment' href='#investment' data-story='investment'>Investment</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id='data-modal' class='layers'>
<li><a href='open' data-story='open'>Data</a></li>
<li><a href='#' data-story='methods' class='methods-link'>?</a></li>
</ul>
<div id='content'>
<div class='limiter clearfix'>
<div class='story context active'>
<ul class='subnav'>
<li class='active'>
<a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya-allschools-hexgrid' class='no-link section-name'>School Locations</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya-primary-locations-2007' class='primary toggle'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya-secondary-locations-2007' class='secondary toggle'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Click and zoom to view primary and secondary schools across the country. Proximity to school plays a significant role in accessing primary and secondary education.</p>
<p>Secondary schools are even less prevalent in the northern and western regions, where there are also the highest <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='2'>poverty rates</a>.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' data-narrative='2' data-zoom='7' data-ease='2000' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_poverty' class='section-name'>Poverty</a>
<div class='section'>
<p>Poverty rates are highest in the north and southeast, where there are also less schools available. This educational and economic disadvantage creates an enormous challenge for enrollment and retention of children, especially girls, in these areas. See the most common reasons <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='3'>keeping children from school</a>.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' data-narrative='3' data-layer='mayarichman.kenya_poverty_noint,worldbank-education.kenya_reason_attend' class='section-name'>Reasons not attending School</a>
<div class='section'>
<p>Family, health, and financials are frequently cited as the reason for never attending school.</p> <p>Regardless of the school location and public education ensured as a universal right, many factors can jeopardize the student attendance and retention.</p>
<p>These factors can impact school performance.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='story performance'>
<ul class='subnav'>
<li class='active'>
<a href='#' data-narrative='4' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_lit' class='section-name'>Literacy</a>
<div class='section'>
<p>Literacy is one measurement of the performance of an education system. High literacy rates throughout many districts are the result of a strong primary education system. However, many gaps can be seen, with some literacy rates falling below 20 percent in arid areas with lower populations.</p>
<p><a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='5'>Exam results</a> are another way to evaluate performance.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' data-narrative='5' class='section-name' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_exam_10'>2010 Exam Results</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' class='primary toggle active' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_exam_10'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' class='secondary toggle' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_sec_exam_10'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Exam results from 2010 show a range of positive performance. Districts in the north west performed considerably well on primary exams.</p>
<p>When looking at <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='6'>performance over the last four years</a>, many counties have increased the number of passing students while others have declined.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' class='section-name' data-narrative='6' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_exam_change'>Exam Results 2006-10</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_exam_change' class='primary toggle active'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_sec_exam_change' class='secondary toggle'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>From 2006-2010, many counties greatly improved exam scores for both primary and secondary schools. Areas of light grey or negative change contrasts with the dark blue or where there was positive change.</p>
<p>Some areas with positive 2010 scores have seen only marginal or even negative improvement over the last four years.</p><p>Visualizing test scores at the <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='7'>school-level</a> add depth to the education analysis.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' class='section-name' data-narrative='7' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_locations_sec_exam_2010'>KCSE Performance Locations</a>
<div class='section'>
<p>Click and zoom to view student performance on the Kenyan Certificate of Secondary Education in 2010. The results show the percentage of students whose score fell within one grade-level (+/-) from the grade listed.</p><p>Allowing direct comparison between nearby schools can help teachers, communities and the Kenyan government better understand what changes need to be made.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='story investment'>
<ul class='subnav'>
<li class='active'>
<a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_spend' class='section-name'>Spending Per Capita</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_prim_spend' class='primary toggle active'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_sec_spend' class='secondary toggle'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Amount spending on education varies from county to county. Spending per capita also reveals how efficient counties are in generating positive exam results. Areas of lower investment in some cases have shown some of the most positive exam results.</p>
<p>View <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='8'>student enrollment</a> to continue to explore the efficiency of investment.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' class='section-name' data-narrative="8" data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ner_prim'>Net Enrollment Rate</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' class='primary toggle active' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ner_prim'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' class='secondary toggle' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ner_sec'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Net enrollment rate is the percentage of eligible school-age children who are enrolled in a school. It is a measure of overall access, but also of gender equity. In Kenya, enrollment is fairly uniform in the most populated areas.</p>
<p>Still ensuring students are learning, once they are in class, remains a challenge. Factors such as <a href='#' class='narrative' data-which-narrative='9'>pupil-teacher ratios</a> can determine the effectiveness of their education.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href='#' data-narrative='9' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ptr_prim' class='section-name'>Pupil-Teacher Ratio</a>
<div class='section'>
<ul class='clearfix'>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ptr_prim' class='primary toggle active'>Primary</a></li>
<li><a href='#' data-layer='worldbank-education.kenya_ptr_sec' class='secondary toggle'>Secondary</a></li>
</ul>
<p>The quality of education differs dramatically between public and private schools, with the average pupil-teacher ratio in public primary schools almost 3 times higher than private. High student to pupil ratios are seen where there are poor exam results.</p>
<p>See Bungoma county where the average ratio is 65 pupils per teacher.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='methods-modal' style='display:none;'>
<div class='methods-content'>
<h3>About the site</h3>
<p>The Exploring Kenyan Education site investigates the education sector in Kenya and visualizes location data for all primary and secondary schools across the country. By mapping school locations with education outcomes and investment data, the site provides insight into the state of education within Kenya.</p>
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>Data work was carried out using OpenOffice and SQLite to join attribute data with spatial data for the purpose of visualization. Data was obtained and collected from the <a href="https://opendata.go.ke/">Kenya OpenData portal</a> and official Government of Kenya data. In cases of pre-2010 data, district names were updated to the 47 2010-designated counties. Data was aggregated and formatted into county-level tables and joined to county-level geographic data. Averages, minimums, and maximums were calculated to be included in the visualization.</p>
<p>School location data was downloaded from the Kenya OpenData portal. Latitude and longitude data for 37,725 primary and secondary schools were reformatted for proper use in mapping applications. All points were plotted on the map, including schools that are listed with zero enrollment. It is unknown to whether these locations have invalid data, missing data, or are closed.</p>
<p>Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) exam results were obtained from the Kenyan National Examination Council. Exam results were listed by school with gender and score categorizations. Percentages of students passing (C+ or higher for secondary, or a score higher than 250 for primary) were calculated for both the KCPE and the KCSE exam results. Results were aggregated to county-level averages. The exam results only contained county location identifiers and did not include a national school identifier code so only county-level aggregations were able to be visualized.</p>
<p>Other contextual data was obtained from the Kenya OpenData portal. Data was matched to county administrative geographic data by county name. There is no official source of county administrative boundary geographic data. This site used county geographic data made <a href="http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=5f83ca29e5b849b8b05bc0b281ae27bc">publicly available online</a>.</p>
<p>All maps were created with <a href="http://mapbox.com/tilemill">TileMill</a> and hosted with <a href="http://mapbox.com">MapBox</a>. Color scales were determined based on natural breaks within each of the visualized indicators.</p>
<a href='#' class='methods-close'>Close</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='map' class='map'></div>
<a class='kenya-opendata' href='https://opendata.go.ke'><span class='icon'></span>Kenya OpenData</a>
<script src='ext/jquery.min.js'></script>
<script src='ext/modestmaps.min.js'></script>
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<script src='ext/easey.js'></script>
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