diff --git a/integrations/chroma/src/haystack_integrations/document_stores/chroma/document_store.py b/integrations/chroma/src/haystack_integrations/document_stores/chroma/document_store.py
index 990aa4c34..6a83937a4 100644
--- a/integrations/chroma/src/haystack_integrations/document_stores/chroma/document_store.py
+++ b/integrations/chroma/src/haystack_integrations/document_stores/chroma/document_store.py
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def search(self, queries: List[str], top_k: int, filters: Optional[Dict[str, Any
         self._ensure_initialized()
         assert self._collection is not None
 
-        if filters is None:
+        if not filters:
             results = self._collection.query(
                 query_texts=queries,
                 n_results=top_k,
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def search_embeddings(
         self._ensure_initialized()
         assert self._collection is not None
 
-        if filters is None:
+        if not filters:
             results = self._collection.query(
                 query_embeddings=query_embeddings,
                 n_results=top_k,
diff --git a/integrations/chroma/tests/test_document_store.py b/integrations/chroma/tests/test_document_store.py
index 41491dc4d..f386b44ba 100644
--- a/integrations/chroma/tests/test_document_store.py
+++ b/integrations/chroma/tests/test_document_store.py
@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ def test_search(self):
         assert isinstance(doc.embedding, list)
         assert all(isinstance(el, float) for el in doc.embedding)
 
+        # check that empty filters behave as no filters
+        result_empty_filters = document_store.search(["Third"], filters={}, top_k=1)
+        assert result == result_empty_filters
+
     def test_write_documents_unsupported_meta_values(self, document_store: ChromaDocumentStore):
         """
         Unsupported meta values should be removed from the documents before writing them to the database