Support silence as part of WarnErrorOptions

[QMalcolm]

Housekeeping

• I am a maintainer of dbt-common

Short description

In dbt-core we want to begin supporting silence as an option in WarnErrorOptions as described in dbt-labs/dbt-core#9644. About half of that work needs to be done here in dbt-common.

Acceptance criteria

• WarnErrorOptions supports silenced
• warn_or_error doesn't send any event if an event is silenced

Suggested Tests

1. silence properly defaulted when instantiating WarnErrorOptions
2. can specify events for silence when instantiating WarnErrorOptions
3. specifying an invalid event name for silence when instantiating WarnErrorOptions raises an error
4. events that have been silenced never emit during warn_or_error

Impact to Other Teams

N/A

Will backports be required?

Depends if we're okay with doing this as a patch or a minor release. It's completely optional and additive, so I can't imagine it breaking anyone as patch release.

Context

See dbt-labs/dbt-core#9644