diff --git a/lib/animate/css_animate.dart b/lib/animate/css_animate.dart
index db5bebaee..f2c3ed5c0 100644
--- a/lib/animate/css_animate.dart
+++ b/lib/animate/css_animate.dart
@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ class CssAnimate implements Animate {
 @Injectable()
 class CssAnimationMap {
   final Map<dom.Element, Map<String, CssAnimation>> cssAnimations
-      = new Map<dom.Element, Map<String, CssAnimation>>();
+      = new HashMap<dom.Element, Map<String, CssAnimation>>();
 
   void track(CssAnimation animation) {
     var animations = cssAnimations.putIfAbsent(animation.element,
-        () => <String, CssAnimation>{});
+        () => new HashMap<String, CssAnimation>());
     animations[animation.eventClass] = animation;
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/animate/module.dart b/lib/animate/module.dart
index 44a700613..d7d68ee5a 100644
--- a/lib/animate/module.dart
+++ b/lib/animate/module.dart
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ import 'package:di/di.dart';
     'angular.animate'
 ])
 import 'dart:mirrors' show MirrorsUsed;
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 part 'animations.dart';
 part 'animation_loop.dart';
diff --git a/lib/change_detection/dirty_checking_change_detector.dart b/lib/change_detection/dirty_checking_change_detector.dart
index eef538e26..d59ebb7e3 100644
--- a/lib/change_detection/dirty_checking_change_detector.dart
+++ b/lib/change_detection/dirty_checking_change_detector.dart
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ class DirtyCheckingRecord<H> implements Record<H>, WatchRecord<H> {
 final Object _INITIAL_ = new Object();
 
 class _MapChangeRecord<K, V> implements MapChangeRecord<K, V> {
-  final _records = new Map<dynamic, KeyValueRecord>();
+  final _records = new HashMap<dynamic, KeyValueRecord>();
   Map _map;
 
   Map get map => _map;
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ class _DuplicateItemRecordList {
  * The list of duplicates is implemented by [_DuplicateItemRecordList].
  */
 class DuplicateMap {
-  final map = <dynamic, _DuplicateItemRecordList>{};
+  final map = new HashMap<dynamic, _DuplicateItemRecordList>();
 
   void put(ItemRecord record, [ItemRecord insertBefore = null]) {
     map.putIfAbsent(record.item, () => new _DuplicateItemRecordList()).add(record, insertBefore);
diff --git a/lib/change_detection/prototype_map.dart b/lib/change_detection/prototype_map.dart
index 130444184..3c634b36c 100644
--- a/lib/change_detection/prototype_map.dart
+++ b/lib/change_detection/prototype_map.dart
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ part of angular.watch_group;
 
 class PrototypeMap<K, V> implements Map<K,V> {
   final Map<K, V> prototype;
-  final Map<K, V> self = new Map();
+  final Map<K, V> self = new HashMap();
 
   PrototypeMap(this.prototype);
 
diff --git a/lib/change_detection/watch_group.dart b/lib/change_detection/watch_group.dart
index 25ea579bd..f257260d5 100644
--- a/lib/change_detection/watch_group.dart
+++ b/lib/change_detection/watch_group.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 library angular.watch_group;
 
 import 'package:angular/change_detection/change_detection.dart';
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 part 'linked_list.dart';
 part 'ast.dart';
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class WatchGroup implements _EvalWatchList, _WatchGroupList {
       : id = '',
         _rootGroup = null,
         _parentWatchGroup = null,
-        _cache = new Map<String, WatchRecord<_Handler>>()
+        _cache = new HashMap<String, WatchRecord<_Handler>>()
   {
     _marker.watchGrp = this;
     _evalWatchTail = _evalWatchHead = _marker;
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ class WatchGroup implements _EvalWatchList, _WatchGroupList {
         this,
         _changeDetector.newGroup(),
         context == null ? this.context : context,
-        <String, WatchRecord<_Handler>>{},
+        new HashMap<String, WatchRecord<_Handler>>(),
         _rootGroup == null ? this : _rootGroup);
     _WatchGroupList._add(this, childGroup);
     var marker = childGroup._marker;
@@ -680,7 +681,7 @@ class _NamedArgHandler extends _ArgHandler {
 
   void acceptValue(object) {
     if (watchRecord.namedArgs == null) {
-      watchRecord.namedArgs = new Map<Symbol, dynamic>();
+      watchRecord.namedArgs = new HashMap<Symbol, dynamic>();
     }
     watchRecord.dirtyArgs = true;
     watchRecord.namedArgs[name] = object;
diff --git a/lib/core/cache.dart b/lib/core/cache.dart
index 196a6a4ef..8786af1e1 100644
--- a/lib/core/cache.dart
+++ b/lib/core/cache.dart
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract class Cache<K, V> {
  * An unbounded cache.
  */
 class UnboundedCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
-  Map<K, V> _entries = <K, V>{};
+  Map<K, V> _entries = new HashMap<K, V>();
   int _hits = 0;
   int _misses = 0;
 
diff --git a/lib/core/interpolate.dart b/lib/core/interpolate.dart
index 8c74a2c23..92c69616f 100644
--- a/lib/core/interpolate.dart
+++ b/lib/core/interpolate.dart
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ part of angular.core_internal;
  */
 @Injectable()
 class Interpolate implements Function {
-  var _cache = {};
+  var _cache = new HashMap();
   /**
    * Compiles markup text into expression.
    *
diff --git a/lib/core/parser/static_parser.dart b/lib/core/parser/static_parser.dart
index ac097c67a..f7a045898 100644
--- a/lib/core/parser/static_parser.dart
+++ b/lib/core/parser/static_parser.dart
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class StaticParserFunctions {
 class StaticParser implements Parser<Expression> {
   final StaticParserFunctions _functions;
   final DynamicParser _fallbackParser;
-  final _cache = <String, Expression>{};
+  final _cache = new HashMap<String, Expression>();
   StaticParser(this._functions, this._fallbackParser);
 
   Expression call(String input) {
diff --git a/lib/core/registry_dynamic.dart b/lib/core/registry_dynamic.dart
index 54ea6573d..d060ab1ff 100644
--- a/lib/core/registry_dynamic.dart
+++ b/lib/core/registry_dynamic.dart
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ library angular.core_dynamic;
 import 'dart:mirrors';
 import 'package:angular/core/annotation_src.dart';
 import 'package:angular/core/registry.dart';
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 export 'package:angular/core/registry.dart' show
     MetadataExtractor;
 
-var _fieldMetadataCache = new Map<Type, Map<String, DirectiveAnnotation>>();
+var _fieldMetadataCache = new HashMap<Type, Map<String, DirectiveAnnotation>>();
 
 class DynamicMetadataExtractor implements MetadataExtractor {
   final _fieldAnnotations = [
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class DynamicMetadataExtractor implements MetadataExtractor {
     var match;
     var fieldMetadata = fieldMetadataExtractor(type);
     if (fieldMetadata.isNotEmpty) {
-      var newMap = annotation.map == null ? {} : new Map.from(annotation.map);
+      var newMap = annotation.map == null ? new HashMap() : new HashMap.from(annotation.map);
       fieldMetadata.forEach((String fieldName, DirectiveAnnotation ann) {
         var attrName = ann.attrName;
         if (newMap.containsKey(attrName)) {
@@ -60,11 +61,11 @@ class DynamicMetadataExtractor implements MetadataExtractor {
       _fieldMetadataCache.putIfAbsent(type, () => _fieldMetadataExtractor(reflectType(type)));
 
   Map<String, DirectiveAnnotation> _fieldMetadataExtractor(ClassMirror cm) {
-    var fields = <String, DirectiveAnnotation>{};
+    var fields = new HashMap<String, DirectiveAnnotation>();
     if(cm.superclass != null) {
       fields.addAll(_fieldMetadataExtractor(cm.superclass));
     } else {
-      fields = {};
+      fields = new HashMap();
     }
     Map<Symbol, DeclarationMirror> declarations = cm.declarations;
     declarations.forEach((symbol, dm) {
diff --git a/lib/core/scope.dart b/lib/core/scope.dart
index f891d1d24..4104dd313 100644
--- a/lib/core/scope.dart
+++ b/lib/core/scope.dart
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class Scope {
     WatchGroup group = canChangeModel ? _readWriteGroup : _readOnlyGroup;
     return group.watch(ast, reactionFn);
   }
-  static Map _oneTimeWarnings = {};
+  static Map _oneTimeWarnings = new HashMap();
 
   dynamic eval(expression, [Map locals]) {
     assert(isAttached);
@@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ class Scope {
 
   Map<bool,int> _verifyStreams(parentScope, prefix, log) {
     assert(_parentScope == parentScope);
-    var counts = {};
-    var typeCounts = _streams == null ? {} : _streams._typeCounts;
+    var counts = new HashMap();
+    var typeCounts = _streams == null ? new HashMap() : _streams._typeCounts;
     var connection = _streams != null && _streams._scope == this ? '=' : '-';
     log..add(prefix)..add(hashCode)..add(connection)..add(typeCounts)..add('\n');
     if (_streams == null) {
@@ -862,14 +862,14 @@ class _Streams {
   /// Scope we belong to.
   final Scope _scope;
   /// [Stream]s for [_scope] only
-  final _streams = new Map<String, ScopeStream>();
+  final _streams = new HashMap<String, ScopeStream>();
   /// Child [Scope] event counts.
   final Map<String, int> _typeCounts;
 
   _Streams(this._scope, this._exceptionHandler, _Streams inheritStreams)
       : _typeCounts = inheritStreams == null
-          ? <String, int>{}
-          : new Map.from(inheritStreams._typeCounts);
+          ? new HashMap<String, int>()
+          : new HashMap.from(inheritStreams._typeCounts);
 
   static ScopeEvent emit(Scope scope, String name, data) {
     var event = new ScopeEvent(name, scope, data);
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/directive.dart b/lib/core_dom/directive.dart
index ec846f7ca..8738fe273 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/directive.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/directive.dart
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class NodeAttrs {
   final dom.Element element;
 
   Map<String, List<_AttributeChanged>> _observers;
-  final _mustacheAttrs = <String, _MustacheAttr>{};
+  final _mustacheAttrs = new HashMap<String, _MustacheAttr>();
 
   NodeAttrs(this.element);
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class NodeAttrs {
    * [:true:]
    */
   observe(String attrName, notifyFn(String value)) {
-    if (_observers == null) _observers = <String, List<_AttributeChanged>>{};
+    if (_observers == null) _observers = new HashMap<String, List<_AttributeChanged>>();
     _observers.putIfAbsent(attrName, () => <_AttributeChanged>[])
               .add(notifyFn);
 
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/element_binder_builder.dart b/lib/core_dom/element_binder_builder.dart
index 7c97648ab..dfa070d71 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/element_binder_builder.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/element_binder_builder.dart
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class ElementBinderBuilder {
   final FormatterMap _formatters;
 
   /// "on-*" attribute names and values, added by a [DirectiveSelector]
-  final onEvents = <String, String>{};
+  final onEvents = new HashMap<String, String>();
   /// "bind-*" attribute names and values, added by a [DirectiveSelector]
-  final bindAttrs = <String, AST>{};
+  final bindAttrs = new HashMap<String, AST>();
 
   final decorators = <DirectiveRef>[];
   DirectiveRef template;
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/event_handler.dart b/lib/core_dom/event_handler.dart
index 1a0f5d9b5..b47fb59b7 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/event_handler.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/event_handler.dart
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class EventHandler {
   dom.Node _rootNode;
   final Expando _expando;
   final ExceptionHandler _exceptionHandler;
-  final _listeners = <String, Function>{};
+  final _listeners = new HashMap<String, Function>();
 
   EventHandler(this._rootNode, this._expando, this._exceptionHandler);
 
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/http.dart b/lib/core_dom/http.dart
index 67fa4f0ea..36e3e8b05 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/http.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/http.dart
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class HttpDefaults {
  */
 @Injectable()
 class Http {
-  var _pendingRequests = <String, async.Future<HttpResponse>>{};
+  var _pendingRequests = new HashMap<String, async.Future<HttpResponse>>();
   BrowserCookies _cookies;
   LocationWrapper _location;
   UrlRewriter _rewriter;
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ class Http {
   static Map<String, String> parseHeaders(dom.HttpRequest value) {
     var headers = value.getAllResponseHeaders();
 
-    var parsed = {};
+    var parsed = new HashMap();
 
     if (headers == null) return parsed;
 
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/module_internal.dart b/lib/core_dom/module_internal.dart
index c8bea0924..79f912024 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/module_internal.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/module_internal.dart
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import 'package:angular/change_detection/ast_parser.dart';
 import 'package:angular/core/registry.dart';
 
 import 'package:angular/directive/module.dart' show NgBaseCss;
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 part 'animation.dart';
 part 'view.dart';
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/ng_element.dart b/lib/core_dom/ng_element.dart
index b6d12d022..08de548d2 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/ng_element.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/ng_element.dart
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ class NgElement {
   final Scope _scope;
   final Animate _animate;
 
-  final _classesToUpdate = <String, bool>{};
-  final _attributesToUpdate = <String, dynamic>{};
+  final _classesToUpdate = new HashMap<String, bool>();
+  final _attributesToUpdate = new HashMap<String, dynamic>();
 
   bool _writeScheduled = false;
 
diff --git a/lib/core_dom/selector.dart b/lib/core_dom/selector.dart
index 48e8b0c65..d6a19d976 100644
--- a/lib/core_dom/selector.dart
+++ b/lib/core_dom/selector.dart
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class DirectiveSelector {
     ElementBinderBuilder builder = _binderFactory.builder(_formatters, _directives);
     List<_ElementSelector> partialSelection;
     final classes = new Set<String>();
-    final attrs = <String, String>{};
+    final attrs = new HashMap<String, String>();
 
     dom.Element element = node;
     String nodeName = element.tagName.toLowerCase();
@@ -234,14 +234,14 @@ _addRefs(ElementBinderBuilder builder, List<_Directive> directives, dom.Node nod
 class _ElementSelector {
   final String _name;
 
-  final _elementMap = <String, List<_Directive>>{};
-  final _elementPartialMap = <String, _ElementSelector>{};
+  final _elementMap = new HashMap<String, List<_Directive>>();
+  final _elementPartialMap = new HashMap<String, _ElementSelector>();
 
-  final _classMap = <String, List<_Directive>>{};
-  final _classPartialMap = <String, _ElementSelector>{};
+  final _classMap = new HashMap<String, List<_Directive>>();
+  final _classPartialMap = new HashMap<String, _ElementSelector>();
 
-  final _attrValueMap = <String, Map<String, List<_Directive>>>{};
-  final _attrValuePartialMap = <String, Map<String, _ElementSelector>>{};
+  final _attrValueMap = new HashMap<String, Map<String, List<_Directive>>>();
+  final _attrValuePartialMap = new HashMap<String, Map<String, _ElementSelector>>();
 
   _ElementSelector(this._name);
 
@@ -268,12 +268,12 @@ class _ElementSelector {
         }
       } else if ((name = part.attrName) != null) {
         if (terminal) {
-          elSelector._attrValueMap.putIfAbsent(name, () => <String, List<_Directive>>{})
+          elSelector._attrValueMap.putIfAbsent(name, () => new HashMap<String, List<_Directive>>())
               .putIfAbsent(part.attrValue, () => [])
               .add(directive);
         } else {
           elSelector = elSelector._attrValuePartialMap
-              .putIfAbsent(name, () => <String, _ElementSelector>{})
+              .putIfAbsent(name, () => new HashMap<String, _ElementSelector>())
               .putIfAbsent(part.attrValue, () => new _ElementSelector(name));
         }
       } else {
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class _ElementSelector {
 
   // A global cache for the _matchingKey RegExps.  The size is bounded by
   // the number of attribute directive selectors used in the application.
-  static var _matchingKeyCache = <String, RegExp>{};
+  static var _matchingKeyCache = new HashMap<String, RegExp>();
 
   String _matchingKey(Iterable<String> keys, String attrName) =>
       keys.firstWhere((key) =>
diff --git a/lib/directive/module.dart b/lib/directive/module.dart
index a374ff1bb..b0accbf27 100644
--- a/lib/directive/module.dart
+++ b/lib/directive/module.dart
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import 'package:angular/utils.dart';
 import 'package:angular/change_detection/watch_group.dart';
 import 'package:angular/change_detection/change_detection.dart';
 import 'package:angular/directive/static_keys.dart';
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 part 'a_href.dart';
 part 'ng_base_css.dart';
diff --git a/lib/directive/ng_events.dart b/lib/directive/ng_events.dart
index 14c422d3f..e032f2388 100644
--- a/lib/directive/ng_events.dart
+++ b/lib/directive/ng_events.dart
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class NgEvent {
   // Is it better to use a map of listeners or have 29 properties on this
   // object?  One would pretty much only assign to one or two of those
   // properties.  I'm opting for the map since it's less boilerplate code.
-  var listeners = {};
+  var listeners = new HashMap();
   final dom.Element element;
   final Scope scope;
 
diff --git a/lib/directive/ng_repeat.dart b/lib/directive/ng_repeat.dart
index b6f92c646..194316c2f 100644
--- a/lib/directive/ng_repeat.dart
+++ b/lib/directive/ng_repeat.dart
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class NgRepeat {
     if (trackByExpr != null) {
       Expression trackBy = _parser(trackByExpr);
       _generateId = ((key, value, index) {
-        final context = <String, Object>{}
+        final context = new HashMap<String, Object>()
             ..[_valueIdentifier] = value
             ..[r'$index'] = index
             ..[r'$id'] = (obj) => obj;
diff --git a/lib/routing/module.dart b/lib/routing/module.dart
index 624c1ed0c..3d497ae32 100644
--- a/lib/routing/module.dart
+++ b/lib/routing/module.dart
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ import 'package:angular/core_dom/module_internal.dart';
 import 'package:route_hierarchical/client.dart';
 
 import 'package:angular/routing/static_keys.dart';
+import 'dart:collection';
 
 part 'routing.dart';
 part 'ng_view.dart';
diff --git a/lib/routing/ng_view.dart b/lib/routing/ng_view.dart
index a9c489d15..02b9c4783 100644
--- a/lib/routing/ng_view.dart
+++ b/lib/routing/ng_view.dart
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class NgView implements DetachAware, RouteProvider {
   String get routeName => _viewRoute.name;
 
   Map<String, String> get parameters {
-    var res = <String, String>{};
+    var res = new HashMap<String, String>();
     var p = _viewRoute;
     while (p != null) {
       res.addAll(p.parameters);