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Row vs Column oriented databases

Row oriented databases

  • Common databases: Postgres, MySQL.

  • Data is stored row by row. The first column of a row is stored next to the last column of previous row.

  • Write: New record is appended. Row oriented data store is commonly used by OLTP style application.

  • Read: Can easily read entire row or multiple rows, but slow on selecting columns since it has to load unnecessary columns into memory.

Column oriented databases

  • Common databases: Redshift, BigQuery, Snowflake.

  • Rows of each column is stored together.

  • Write: New record needs to be split out and inserted into proper position.
    Jane Vancouver 33
    • If data is on a single disk, write needs to load all data into memory.

    • If data is split out and distributed, write is more efficient.

  • Read: read from single disk or continuous memory address which is very efficient. Column oriented data store is commonly used by OLAP style application.

  • Has a write store which data could be appended on write, and then read-optimized to a read store which could sort data in arbitrary order.

References