diff --git a/src/bone.js b/src/bone.js
index 80084148..9f15d13c 100644
--- a/src/bone.js
+++ b/src/bone.js
@@ -546,9 +546,9 @@ class Bone {
       const value = attribute.uncast(this.#raw[name]);
       if (this.#rawSaved[name] !== undefined) {
         this.#rawPrevious[name] = this.#rawSaved[name];
-      } else if (!changes && this.#rawPrevious[name] === undefined) {
+      } else if (!changes && this.#rawPrevious[name] === undefined && this.#raw[name] != null) {
         // first persisting
-        this.#rawPrevious[name] = attribute.cast(value);
+        this.#rawPrevious[name] = null;
       }
       this.#rawSaved[name] = attribute.cast(value);
     }
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ class Bone {
     const spell = new Spell(Model, opts).$insert(data);
     return spell.later(result => {
       this[primaryKey] = result.insertId;
-      this.#rawSaved[primaryKey] = null;
+      // this.#rawSaved[primaryKey] = null;
       this.syncRaw();
       return this;
     });
diff --git a/test/integration/suite/basics.test.js b/test/integration/suite/basics.test.js
index 12f37fc8..39eea28b 100644
--- a/test/integration/suite/basics.test.js
+++ b/test/integration/suite/basics.test.js
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ describe('=> Basic', () => {
       expect(post.previousChanged('extra')).to.be(false);
       post.extra = { greeting: 'hi' };
       await post.save();
-      // should return false after first persisting
-      expect(post.previousChanged('extra')).to.be(false);
+      // should return true after first persisting
+      expect(post.previousChanged('extra')).to.be(true);
       post.extra = { greeting: 'ohayo' };
       await post.save();
       // should return true after updating
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ describe('=> Basic', () => {
       post.extra = { greeting: 'hi' };
       await post.save();
       // isPrivate has default value in DSL
-      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanged(), [ 'id' ]);
+      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanged().sort(), [ 'id', 'extra', 'isPrivate', 'title', 'wordCount', 'createdAt', 'updatedAt' ].sort());
       post.extra = { greeting: 'ohayo' };
       await sleep(10);
       await post.save();
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ describe('=> Basic', () => {
       const post = new Post({ title: 'Untitled' });
       assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges('title'), {});
       await post.save();
-      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges('title'), {});
+      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges('title'), { title: [ null, 'Untitled' ] });
       assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges('authorId'), { });
       post.title = 'MHW';
       post.authorId = 100;
@@ -210,7 +210,14 @@ describe('=> Basic', () => {
       const post = new Post({ title: 'Untitled' });
       assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges(), {});
       await post.save();
-      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges(), { id: [ null, post.id ] });
+      assert.deepEqual(post.previousChanges(), { 
+        id: [ null, post.id ],
+        createdAt: [ null, post.createdAt ],
+        isPrivate: [ null, Post.driver.type === 'mysql'? 0 : false ] ,
+        title: [ null, 'Untitled' ],
+        updatedAt: [ null, post.updatedAt ],
+        wordCount: [ null, 0 ],
+      });
       post.title = 'MHW';
       post.authorId = 100;
       const prevUpdatedAt = post.updatedAt;
diff --git a/test/unit/adapters/sequelize.test.js b/test/unit/adapters/sequelize.test.js
index ab35a696..be779476 100644
--- a/test/unit/adapters/sequelize.test.js
+++ b/test/unit/adapters/sequelize.test.js
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ describe('=> Sequelize adapter', () => {
   it('model.previous(key)', async () => {
     const post = await Post.create({ title: 'By three they come' });
     post.title = 'Hello there';
-    assert.equal(post.previous('title'), 'By three they come');
+    assert.equal(post.previous('title'), null);
     await post.update();
     assert.equal(post.previous('title'), 'By three they come');
   });
@@ -1025,35 +1025,21 @@ describe('=> Sequelize adapter', () => {
     const post = await Post.create({ title: 'By three they come' });
     post.title = 'Hello there';
     assert.deepEqual(post.previous(), {
-      title: 'By three they come',
+      title: null,
       id: null,
-      isPrivate: false,
-      updatedAt: post.updatedAt,
-      createdAt: post.createdAt,
-      wordCount: 0,
-      authorId: null,
-      content: null,
-      deletedAt: null,
-      extra: null,
-      settings: null,
-      summary: null,
-      thumb: null,
+      isPrivate: null,
+      updatedAt: null,
+      createdAt: null,
+      wordCount: null,
     });
     post.content = 'a';
     assert.deepEqual(post.previous(), {
-      title: 'By three they come',
+      title: null,
       id: null,
-      isPrivate: false,
-      updatedAt: post.updatedAt,
-      createdAt: post.createdAt,
-      wordCount: 0,
-      authorId: null,
-      content: null,
-      deletedAt: null,
-      extra: null,
-      settings: null,
-      summary: null,
-      thumb: null,
+      isPrivate: null,
+      updatedAt: null,
+      createdAt: null,
+      wordCount: null,
     });
     const prevUpdatedAt = post.updatedAt;
     await post.update();