- To facilitate the follow-up research, we have provided the method comparison results under commonly used datasets, and the follow-up methods will continue to be updated.
- Support recent SOTA and traditional but popular methods.
- Any Pull requests are welcome!
Multivariate long-term series forecasting results on four ETT datasets with best input length and prediction length O ∈{96, 192, 336, 720}
Methods | Dataset | ETTH1 | ETTH2 | ETTm1 | ETTm2 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metric | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | |
Linear | MSE | 0.375 | 0.418 | 0.479 | 0.624 | 0.288 | 0.377 | 0.452 | 0.698 | 0.308 | 0.340 | 0.376 | 0.440 | 0.168 | 0.232 | 0.320 | 0.413 |
MAE | 0.397 | 0.429 | 0.476 | 0.592 | 0.352 | 0.413 | 0.461 | 0.595 | 0.352 | 0.369 | 0.393 | 0.435 | 0.262 | 0.308 | 0.373 | 0.435 | |
NLinear | MSE | 0.374 | 0.408 | 0.429 | 0.440 | 0.277 | 0.344 | 0.357 | 0.394 | 0.306 | 0.349 | 0.375 | 0.433 | 0.167 | 0.221 | 0.274 | 0.368 |
MAE | 0.394 | 0.415 | 0.427 | 0.453 | 0.338 | 0.381 | 0.400 | 0.436 | 0.348 | 0.375 | 0.388 | 0.422 | 0.255 | 0.293 | 0.327 | 0.384 | |
DLinear | MSE | 0.375 | 0.405 | 0.439 | 0.472 | 0.289 | 0.383 | 0.448 | 0.605 | 0.299 | 0.335 | 0.369 | 0.425 | 0.167 | 0.224 | 0.281 | 0.397 |
MAE | 0.399 | 0.416 | 0.443 | 0.490 | 0.353 | 0.418 | 0.465 | 0.551 | 0.343 | 0.365 | 0.386 | 0.421 | 0.260 | 0.303 | 0.342 | 0.421 | |
FEDformer-f | MSE | 0.376 | 0.420 | 0.459 | 0.506 | 0.346 | 0.429 | 0.496 | 0.463 | 0.379 | 0.426 | 0.445 | 0.543 | 0.203 | 0.269 | 0.325 | 0.421 |
MAE | 0.419 | 0.448 | 0.465 | 0.507 | 0.388 | 0.439 | 0.487 | 0.474 | 0.419 | 0.441 | 0.459 | 0.490 | 0.287 | 0.328 | 0.366 | 0.415 | |
FEDformer-w | MSE | 0.395 | 0.469 | 0.530 | 0.598 | 0.394 | 0.439 | 0.482 | 0.500 | 0.378 | 0.464 | 0.508 | 0.561 | 0.204 | 0.316 | 0.359 | 0.433 |
MAE | 0.424 | 0.470 | 0.499 | 0.544 | 0.414 | 0.445 | 0.480 | 0.509 | 0.418 | 0.463 | 0.487 | 0.515 | 0.288 | 0.363 | 0.387 | 0.432 | |
Autoformer | MSE | 0.449 | 0.500 | 0.521 | 0.514 | 0.358 | 0.456 | 0.482 | 0.515 | 0.505 | 0.553 | 0.621 | 0.671 | 0.255 | 0.281 | 0.339 | 0.433 |
MAE | 0.459 | 0.482 | 0.496 | 0.512 | 0.397 | 0.452 | 0.486 | 0.511 | 0.475 | 0.496 | 0.537 | 0.561 | 0.339 | 0.340 | 0.372 | 0.432 | |
Informer | MSE | 0.865 | 1.008 | 1.107 | 1.181 | 3.755 | 5.602 | 4.721 | 3.647 | 0.672 | 0.795 | 1.212 | 1.166 | 0.365 | 0.533 | 1.363 | 3.379 |
MAE | 0.713 | 0.792 | 0.809 | 0.865 | 1.525 | 1.931 | 1.835 | 1.625 | 0.571 | 0.669 | 0.871 | 0.823 | 0.453 | 0.563 | 0.887 | 1.338 | |
Pyrafromer | MSE | 0.664 | 0.790 | 0.891 | 0.963 | 0.645 | 0.788 | 0.907 | 0.963 | 0.543 | 0.557 | 0.754 | 0.908 | 0.435 | 0.730 | 1.201 | 3.625 |
MAE | 0.612 | 0.681 | 0.738 | 0.782 | 0.597 | 0.683 | 0.747 | 0.783 | 0.510 | 0.537 | 0.655 | 0.724 | 0.507 | 0.673 | 0.845 | 1.451 | |
LogTrans | MSE | 0.878 | 1.037 | 1.238 | 1.135 | 2.116 | 4.315 | 1.124 | 3.188 | 0.600 | 0.837 | 1.124 | 1.153 | 0.768 | 0.989 | 1.334 | 3.048 |
MAE | 0.740 | 0.824 | 0.932 | 0.852 | 1.197 | 1.635 | 1.604 | 1.540 | 0.546 | 0.700 | 0.832 | 0.820 | 0.642 | 0.757 | 0.872 | 1.328 | |
Reformer | MSE | 0.837 | 0.923 | 1.097 | 1.257 | 2.626 | 11.120 | 9.323 | 3.874 | 0.538 | 0.658 | 0.898 | 1.102 | 0.658 | 1.078 | 1.549 | 2.631 |
MAE | 0.728 | 0.766 | 0.835 | 0.889 | 1.317 | 2.979 | 2.769 | 1.697 | 0.528 | 0.592 | 0.721 | 0.841 | 0.619 | 0.827 | 0.972 | 1.242 | |
Linear-I | MSE | 0.378 | 0.415 | 0.447 | 0.489 | 0.408 | 0.575 | 0.643 | 1.075 | 0.286 | 0.330 | 0.372 | 0.428 | 0.196 | 0.281 | 0.380 | 0.484 |
MAE | 0.397 | 0.422 | 0.441 | 0.488 | 0.415 | 0.500 | 0.543 | 0.711 | 0.334 | 0.361 | 0.387 | 0.419 | 0.284 | 0.347 | 0.406 | 0.475 | |
DLinear-I | MSE | 0.377 | 0.420 | 0.448 | 0.486 | 0.399 | 0.483 | 0.686 | 1.039 | 0.286 | 0.327 | 0.366 | 0.427 | 0.182 | 0.298 | 0.423 | 0.799 |
MAE | 0.396 | 0.426 | 0.443 | 0.486 | 0.409 | 0.458 | 0.553 | 0.700 | 0.335 | 0.358 | 0.380 | 0.416 | 0.274 | 0.352 | 0.434 | 0.580 | |
NLinear-I | MSE | 0.383 | 0.414 | 0.438 | 0.451 | 0.287 | 0.345 | 0.371 | 0.416 | 0.288 | 0.330 | 0.371 | 0.431 | 0.163 | 0.218 | 0.273 | 0.369 |
MAE | 0.402 | 0.421 | 0.436 | 0.459 | 0.347 | 0.387 | 0.413 | 0.445 | 0.336 | 0.360 | 0.383 | 0.418 | 0.251 | 0.290 | 0.326 | 0.384 |
Methods | Dataset | Electricity | Exchange Rate | Traffic | Weather | ILI | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metric | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | |
Linear | MSE | 0.140 | 0.153 | 0.169 | 0.203 | 0.082 | 0.167 | 0.328 | 0.964 | 0.410 | 0.423 | 0.436 | 0.466 | 0.176 | 0.218 | 0.262 | 0.326 | 1.947 | 2.182 | 2.256 | 2.390 |
MAE | 0.237 | 0.250 | 0.268 | 0.301 | 0.207 | 0.304 | 0.432 | 0.750 | 0.282 | 0.287 | 0.295 | 0.315 | 0.236 | 0.276 | 0.312 | 0.365 | 0.985 | 1.036 | 1.060 | 1.104 | |
DLinear | MSE | 0.141 | 0.154 | 0.171 | 0.210 | 0.089 | 0.180 | 0.331 | 1.033 | 0.410 | 0.423 | 0.435 | 0.464 | 0.182 | 0.225 | 0.271 | 0.338 | 1.683 | 1.703 | 1.719 | 1.819 |
MAE | 0.237 | 0.248 | 0.265 | 0.297 | 0.208 | 0.300 | 0.415 | 0.780 | 0.279 | 0.284 | 0.290 | 0.307 | 0.232 | 0.269 | 0.301 | 0.348 | 0.858 | 0.859 | 0.884 | 0.917 | |
NLinear | MSE | 0.140 | 0.153 | 0.169 | 0.203 | 0.081 | 0.157 | 0.305 | 0.643 | 0.410 | 0.423 | 0.436 | 0.466 | 0.176 | 0.220 | 0.265 | 0.323 | 2.215 | 1.963 | 2.130 | 2.368 |
MAE | 0.237 | 0.249 | 0.267 | 0.301 | 0.203 | 0.293 | 0.414 | 0.601 | 0.282 | 0.287 | 0.296 | 0.315 | 0.237 | 0.282 | 0.319 | 0.362 | 1.081 | 0.963 | 1.024 | 1.096 | |
FEDformer-f | MSE | 0.193 | 0.201 | 0.214 | 0.246 | 0.148 | 0.271 | 0.460 | 1.195 | 0.587 | 0.604 | 0.621 | 0.626 | 0.217 | 0.276 | 0.339 | 0.403 | 3.228 | 2.679 | 2.622 | 2.857 |
MAE | 0.308 | 0.315 | 0.329 | 0.355 | 0.278 | 0.380 | 0.500 | 0.841 | 0.366 | 0.373 | 0.383 | 0.382 | 0.296 | 0.336 | 0.380 | 0.428 | 1.260 | 1.080 | 1.078 | 1.157 | |
FEDformer-w | MSE | ||||||||||||||||||||
MAE | |||||||||||||||||||||
Autoformer | MSE | 0.201 | 0.222 | 0.231 | 0.254 | 0.197 | 0.300 | 0.509 | 1.447 | 0.613 | 0.616 | 0.622 | 0.660 | 0.266 | 0.307 | 0.359 | 0.419 | 3.483 | 3.103 | 2.669 | 2.770 |
MAE | 0.317 | 0.334 | 0.338 | 0.361 | 0.323 | 0.369 | 0.524 | 0.941 | 0.388 | 0.382 | 0.337 | 0.408 | 0.336 | 0.367 | 0.395 | 0.428 | 1.287 | 1.148 | 1.085 | 1.125 | |
Informer | MSE | 0.274 | 0.296 | 0.300 | 0.373 | 0.847 | 1.204 | 1.672 | 2.478 | 0.719 | 0.696 | 0.777 | 0.864 | 0.300 | 0.598 | 0.578 | 1.059 | 5.764 | 4.755 | 4.763 | 5.264 |
MAE | 0.368 | 0.386 | 0.394 | 0.439 | 0.752 | 0.895 | 1.036 | 1.310 | 0.391 | 0.379 | 0.420 | 0.472 | 0.384 | 0.544 | 0.523 | 0.741 | 1.677 | 1.467 | 1.469 | 1.564 | |
Pyraformer | MSE | 0.386 | 0.386 | 0.378 | 0.376 | 0.376 | 1.748 | 1.874 | 1.943 | 2.085 | 0.867 | 0.869 | 0.881 | 0.896 | 0.622 | 0.739 | 1.004 | 1.420 | 7.394 | 7.551 | 7.662 |
MAE | 0.449 | 0.443 | 0.443 | 0.445 | 1.105 | 1.151 | 1.172 | 1.206 | 0.468 | 0.467 | 0.469 | 0.473 | 0.556 | 0.624 | 0.753 | 0.934 | 2.012 | 2.031 | 2.057 | 2.100 | |
LogTrans | MSE | 0.258 | 0.266 | 0.280 | 0.283 | 0.968 | 1.040 | 1.659 | 1.941 | 0.684 | 0.685 | 0.734 | 0.717 | 0.458 | 0.658 | 0.797 | 0.869 | 4.480 | 4.799 | 4.800 | 5.278 |
MAE | 0.357 | 0.368 | 0.380 | 0.376 | 0.812 | 0.851 | 1.081 | 1.127 | 0.384 | 0.390 | 0.408 | 0.396 | 0.490 | 0.589 | 0.652 | 0.675 | 1.444 | 1.467 | 1.468 | 1.560 | |
Repeat | MSE | 1.588 | 1.595 | 1.617 | 1.647 | 0.081 | 0.167 | 0.305 | 0.823 | 2.723 | 2.756 | 2.791 | 2.811 | 0.259 | 0.309 | 0.377 | 0.465 | 6.587 | 7.130 | 6.575 | 5.893 |
MAE | 0.946 | 0.950 | 0.961 | 0.975 | 0.196 | 0.289 | 0.396 | 0.681 | 1.079 | 1.087 | 1.095 | 1.097 | 0.254 | 0.292 | 0.338 | 0.394 | 1.701 | 1.884 | 1.798 | 1.677 | |
Linear-I | MSE | 0.134 | 0.148 | 0.164 | 0.201 | 0.090 | 0.241 | 0.336 | 1.658 | 0.425 | 0.438 | 0.452 | 0.482 | 0.146 | 0.188 | 0.242 | 0.317 | 2.161 | 2.204 | 2.240 | 2.424 |
MAE | 0.230 | 0.245 | 0.263 | 0.297 | 0.218 | 0.370 | 0.445 | 1.033 | 0.298 | 0.304 | 0.312 | 0.330 | 0.212 | 0.256 | 0.302 | 0.359 | 1.014 | 1.010 | 1.025 | 1.102 | |
DLinear-I | MSE | 0.134 | 0.148 | 0.164 | 0.201 | 0.099 | 0.782 | 0.676 | 1.499 | 0.426 | 0.438 | 0.452 | 0.483 | 0.144 | 0.187 | 0.240 | 0.317 | 1.999 | 2.142 | 2.203 | 2.475 |
MAE | 0.230 | 0.245 | 0.263 | 0.297 | 0.232 | 0.639 | 0.651 | 0.940 | 0.298 | 0.304 | 0.312 | 0.330 | 0.209 | 0.254 | 0.298 | 0.359 | 0.945 | 0.977 | 1.011 | 1.096 | |
NLinear-I | MSE | 0.134 | 0.150 | 0.167 | 0.206 | 0.096 | 0.209 | 0.358 | 1.133 | 0.423 | 0.435 | 0.447 | 0.476 | 0.144 | 0.187 | 0.240 | 0.318 | 1.686 | 1.619 | 1.679 | 1.821 |
MAE | 0.229 | 0.243 | 0.260 | 0.293 | 0.214 | 0.325 | 0.429 | 0.785 | 0.294 | 0.299 | 0.305 | 0.322 | 0.193 | 0.236 | 0.278 | 0.333 | 0.798 | 0.777 | 0.818 | 0.866 |
Univariate long-term series forecasting results on four ETT datasets with input length I = 96 and prediction length O ∈{96, 192, 336, 720}
Methods | Dataset | ETTh1 | ETTh2 | ETTm1 | ETTm2 | Paper | Pub. | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metric | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | 96 | 192 | 336 | 720 | |||
Linear | MSE | 0.189 | 0.078 | 0.091 | 0.172 | 0.133 | 0.176 | 0.213 | 0.292 | 0.028 | 0.043 | 0.059 | 0.080 | 0.066 | 0.094 | 0.120 | 0.175 | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13504.pdf | AAAI23 |
MAE | 0.359 | 0.212 | 0.237 | 0.340 | 0.283 | 0.330 | 0.371 | 0.440 | 0.125 | 0.154 | 0.180 | 0.211 | 0.189 | 0.230 | 0.263 | 0.320 | |||
NLinear | MSE | 0.053 | 0.069 | 0.081 | 0.080 | 0.129 | 0.169 | 0.194 | 0.225 | 0.026 | 0.039 | 0.052 | 0.073 | 0.063 | 0.090 | 0.117 | 0.170 | ||
MAE | 0.177 | 0.204 | 0.226 | 0.226 | 0.278 | 0.324 | 0.355 | 0.381 | 0.122 | 0.149 | 0.172 | 0.207 | 0.182 | 0.223 | 0.259 | 0.318 | |||
DLinear | MSE | 0.056 | 0.071 | 0.098 | 0.189 | 0.131 | 0.176 | 0.209 | 0.276 | 0.028 | 0.045 | 0.061 | 0.080 | 0.063 | 0.092 | 0.119 | 0.175 | ||
MAE | 0.180 | 0.204 | 0.244 | 0.359 | 0.279 | 0.329 | 0.367 | 0.426 | 0.123 | 0.156 | 0.182 | 0.210 | 0.183 | 0.227 | 0.261 | 0.320 | |||
FEDformer-f | MSE | 0.079 | 0.104 | 0.119 | 0.142 | 0.128 | 0.185 | 0.231 | 0.278 | 0.033 | 0.058 | 0.084 | 0.102 | 0.067 | 0.102 | 0.130 | 0.178 | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.12740.pdf | ICML22 |
MAE | 0.215 | 0.245 | 0.270 | 0.299 | 0.271 | 0.330 | 0.378 | 0.420 | 0.140 | 0.186 | 0.231 | 0.250 | 0.198 | 0.245 | 0.279 | 0.325 | |||
FEDformer-w | MSE | 0.080 | 0.105 | 0.120 | 0.127 | 0.156 | 0.238 | 0.271 | 0.288 | 0.036 | 0.069 | 0.071 | 0.105 | 0.063 | 0.110 | 0.147 | 0.219 | ||
MAE | 0.214 | 0.256 | 0.269 | 0.280 | 0.306 | 0.380 | 0.412 | 0.438 | 0.149 | 0.206 | 0.209 | 0.248 | 0.189 | 0.252 | 0.301 | 0.368 | |||
Autoformer | MSE | 0.071 | 0.114 | 0.107 | 0.126 | 0.153 | 0.204 | 0.246 | 0.268 | 0.056 | 0.081 | 0.076 | 0.110 | 0.065 | 0.118 | 0.154 | 0.182 | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.13008.pdf | NeurIPS21 |
MAE | 0.206 | 0.262 | 0.258 | 0.283 | 0.306 | 0.351 | 0.389 | 0.409 | 0.183 | 0.216 | 0.218 | 0.267 | 0.189 | 0.256 | 0.305 | 0.335 | |||
Informer | MSE | 0.193 | 0.217 | 0.202 | 0.183 | 0.213 | 0.227 | 0.242 | 0.291 | 0.109 | 0.151 | 0.427 | 0.438 | 0.088 | 0.132 | 0.180 | 0.300 | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.07436.pdf | AAAI21 |
MAE | 0.377 | 0.395 | 0.381 | 0.355 | 0.373 | 0.387 | 0.401 | 0.439 | 0.277 | 0.310 | 0.591 | 0.586 | 0.225 | 0.283 | 0.336 | 0.435 | |||
LogTrans | MSE | 0.283 | 0.234 | 0.386 | 0.475 | 0.217 | 0.281 | 0.293 | 0.218 | 0.049 | 0.157 | 0.289 | 0.430 | 0.075 | 0.129 | 0.154 | 0.160 | ||
MAE | 0.468 | 0.409 | 0.546 | 0.629 | 0.379 | 0.429 | 0.437 | 0.387 | 0.171 | 0.317 | 0.459 | 0.579 | 0.208 | 0.275 | 0.302 | 0.321 | |||
Reformer | MSE | ||||||||||||||||||
MAE | |||||||||||||||||||
S4 | MSE | 0.316 | 0.345 | 0.825 | 0.19 | 0.381 | 0.332 | 0.655 | 0.63 | 0.651 | 0.19 | 0.428 | 0.254 | 0.153 | 0.183 | 0.204 | 0.482 | https://openreview.net/pdf?id=uYLFoz1vlAC | ICLR22 |
MAE | 0.49 | 0.516 | 0.846 | 0.355 | 0.501 | 0.458 | 0.67 | 0.662 | 0.733 | 0.372 | 0.581 | 0.433 | 0.318 | 0.35 | 0.367 | 0.567 | |||
FILM | MSE | 0.055 | 0.072 | 0.083 | 0.09 | 0.127 | 0.182 | 0.204 | 0.241 | 0.029 | 0.041 | 0.053 | 0.071 | 0.065 | 0.094 | 0.124 | 0.173 | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.08897.pdf | NeurIPS 2022 |
MAE | 0.178 | 0.207 | 0.229 | 0.24 | 0.272 | 0.335 | 0.367 | 0.396 | 0.127 | 0.153 | 0.175 | 0.205 | 0.189 | 0.233 | 0.274 | 0.323 | |||
ARIMA | MSE | 0.058 | 0.073 | 0.086 | 0.103 | 0.273 | 0.315 | 0.367 | 0.413 | 0.033 | 0.049 | 0.065 | 0.089 | 0.211 | 0.237 | 0.264 | 0.31 | ||
MAE | 0.184 | 0.209 | 0.231 | 0.253 | 0.407 | 0.446 | 0.488 | 0.519 | 0.136 | 0.169 | 0.196 | 0.231 | 0.34 | 0.371 | 0.396 | 0.441 |