From 4ce9f6c3524c02e9c6bce9840f6f2151ec78734d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 21:41:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] wip

---
 conans/client/conanfile/implementations.py | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/conans/client/conanfile/implementations.py b/conans/client/conanfile/implementations.py
index 133ddcea7e5..14cabc76032 100644
--- a/conans/client/conanfile/implementations.py
+++ b/conans/client/conanfile/implementations.py
@@ -17,3 +17,14 @@ def auto_shared_fpic_configure(conanfile):
 def auto_header_only_package_id(conanfile):
     if conanfile.options.get_safe("header_only") or conanfile.package_type is PackageType.HEADER:
         conanfile.info.clear()
+
+
+def auto_language(conanfile):
+    if not conanfile.languages:
+        conanfile.settings.rm_safe("compiler.cstd")
+        return
+    if "C" not in conanfile.languages:
+        conanfile.settings.rm_safe("compiler.cstd")
+    if "C++" not in conanfile.languages:
+        conanfile.settings.rm_safe("compiler.cppstd")
+        conanfile.settings.rm_safe("compiler.libcxx")

From a4e18e253e6bb9751b77b48e7ce16ea529be421d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2024 17:26:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] wip

---
 conans/client/conanfile/configure.py | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conans/client/conanfile/configure.py b/conans/client/conanfile/configure.py
index 210e0f5f1bd..fb8f9064304 100644
--- a/conans/client/conanfile/configure.py
+++ b/conans/client/conanfile/configure.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from conans.errors import conanfile_exception_formatter
 from conans.model.pkg_type import PackageType
 from conans.model.requires import BuildRequirements, TestRequirements, ToolRequirements
-from conans.client.conanfile.implementations import auto_shared_fpic_config_options, auto_shared_fpic_configure
+from conans.client.conanfile.implementations import auto_shared_fpic_config_options, \
+    auto_shared_fpic_configure, auto_language
 
 
 def run_configure_method(conanfile, down_options, profile_options, ref):
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ def run_configure_method(conanfile, down_options, profile_options, ref):
     elif "auto_shared_fpic" in conanfile.implements:
         auto_shared_fpic_config_options(conanfile)
 
+    auto_language(conanfile)  # default implementation removes `compiler.cstd`
+
     # Assign only the current package options values, but none of the dependencies
     is_consumer = conanfile._conan_is_consumer
     conanfile.options.apply_downstream(down_options, profile_options, ref, is_consumer)

From 4ba80494d6254feb08cefad1ef24867b03064a45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2024 15:10:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] wip

---
 conan/tools/build/__init__.py                 |   2 +
 conan/tools/build/cstd.py                     | 165 ++++++++++++++++++
 conan/tools/cmake/toolchain/blocks.py         |  35 ++--
 conans/client/conf/__init__.py                |   6 +-
 conans/client/graph/compatibility.py          |  43 +++--
 conans/model/conan_file.py                    |   3 +
 .../package_id/test_cache_compatibles.py      |  31 ++++
 7 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 conan/tools/build/cstd.py

diff --git a/conan/tools/build/__init__.py b/conan/tools/build/__init__.py
index 9c77a3f4d5a..0ae8bc5f392 100644
--- a/conan/tools/build/__init__.py
+++ b/conan/tools/build/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 from conan.tools.build.flags import cppstd_flag
 from conan.tools.build.cppstd import check_max_cppstd, check_min_cppstd, \
     valid_max_cppstd, valid_min_cppstd, default_cppstd, supported_cppstd
+from conan.tools.build.cstd import check_max_cstd, check_min_cstd, \
+    valid_max_cstd, valid_min_cstd, supported_cstd
 from conan.tools.build.cpu import build_jobs
 from conan.tools.build.cross_building import cross_building, can_run
 from conan.tools.build.stdcpp_library import stdcpp_library
diff --git a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..346707129bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import operator
+
+from conan.errors import ConanInvalidConfiguration, ConanException
+from conans.model.version import Version
+
+
+def check_min_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions=False):
+    """ Check if current cstd fits the minimal version required.
+
+        In case the current cstd doesn't fit the minimal version required
+        by cstd, a ConanInvalidConfiguration exception will be raised.
+
+        1. If settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use settings.compiler.cstd to compare
+        2. It not settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use compiler to compare (reading the
+           default from cstd_default)
+        3. If not settings.compiler is present (not declared in settings) will raise because it
+           cannot compare.
+        4. If can not detect the default cstd for settings.compiler, a exception will be raised.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param cstd: Minimal cstd version required
+    :param gnu_extensions: GNU extension is required (e.g gnu17)
+    """
+    _check_cstd(conanfile, cstd, operator.lt, gnu_extensions)
+
+
+def check_max_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions=False):
+    """ Check if current cstd fits the maximum version required.
+
+        In case the current cstd doesn't fit the maximum version required
+        by cstd, a ConanInvalidConfiguration exception will be raised.
+
+        1. If settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use settings.compiler.cstd to compare
+        2. It not settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use compiler to compare (reading the
+           default from cstd_default)
+        3. If not settings.compiler is present (not declared in settings) will raise because it
+           cannot compare.
+        4. If can not detect the default cstd for settings.compiler, a exception will be raised.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param cstd: Maximum cstd version required
+    :param gnu_extensions: GNU extension is required (e.g gnu17)
+    """
+    _check_cstd(conanfile, cstd, operator.gt, gnu_extensions)
+
+
+def valid_min_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions=False):
+    """ Validate if current cstd fits the minimal version required.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param cstd: Minimal cstd version required
+    :param gnu_extensions: GNU extension is required (e.g gnu17). This option ONLY works on Linux.
+    :return: True, if current cstd matches the required cstd version. Otherwise, False.
+    """
+    try:
+        check_min_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions)
+    except ConanInvalidConfiguration:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def valid_max_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions=False):
+    """ Validate if current cstd fits the maximum version required.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param cstd: Maximum cstd version required
+    :param gnu_extensions: GNU extension is required (e.g gnu17). This option ONLY works on Linux.
+    :return: True, if current cstd matches the required cstd version. Otherwise, False.
+    """
+    try:
+        check_max_cstd(conanfile, cstd, gnu_extensions)
+    except ConanInvalidConfiguration:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def supported_cstd(conanfile, compiler=None, compiler_version=None):
+    """
+    Get a list of supported ``compiler.cstd`` for the "conanfile.settings.compiler" and
+    "conanfile.settings.compiler_version" or for the parameters "compiler" and "compiler_version"
+    if specified.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param compiler: Name of the compiler e.g: gcc
+    :param compiler_version: Version of the compiler e.g: 12
+    :return: a list of supported ``cstd`` values.
+    """
+    compiler = compiler or conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler")
+    compiler_version = compiler_version or conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.version")
+    if not compiler or not compiler_version:
+        raise ConanException("Called supported_cstd with no compiler or no compiler.version")
+
+    func = {"apple-clang": _apple_clang_supported_cstd,
+            "gcc": _gcc_supported_cstd,
+            "msvc": _msvc_supported_cstd,
+            "clang": _clang_supported_cstd,
+            }.get(compiler)
+    if func:
+        return func(Version(compiler_version))
+    return None
+
+
+def _check_cstd(conanfile, cstd, comparator, gnu_extensions):
+    """ Check if current cstd fits the version required according to a given comparator.
+
+        In case the current cstd doesn't fit the maximum version required
+        by cstd, a ConanInvalidConfiguration exception will be raised.
+
+        1. If settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use settings.compiler.cstd to compare
+        2. It not settings.compiler.cstd, the tool will use compiler to compare (reading the
+           default from cstd_default)
+        3. If not settings.compiler is present (not declared in settings) will raise because it
+           cannot compare.
+        4. If can not detect the default cstd for settings.compiler, a exception will be raised.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :param cstd: Required cstd version.
+    :param comparator: Operator to use to compare the detected and the required cstd versions.
+    :param gnu_extensions: GNU extension is required (e.g gnu17)
+    """
+    if not str(cstd).isdigit():
+        raise ConanException("cstd parameter must be a number")
+
+    def compare(lhs, rhs, comp):
+        def extract_cpp_version(_cstd):
+            return str(_cstd).replace("gnu", "")
+
+        def add_millennium(_cstd):
+            return "19%s" % _cstd if _cstd == "99" else "20%s" % _cstd
+
+        lhs = add_millennium(extract_cpp_version(lhs))
+        rhs = add_millennium(extract_cpp_version(rhs))
+        return not comp(lhs, rhs)
+
+    current_cstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
+    if current_cstd is None:
+        raise ConanInvalidConfiguration("The compiler.cstd is not defined for this configuration")
+
+    if gnu_extensions and "gnu" not in current_cstd:
+        raise ConanInvalidConfiguration("The cstd GNU extension is required")
+
+    if not compare(current_cstd, cstd, comparator):
+        raise ConanInvalidConfiguration(
+            "Current cstd ({}) is {} than the required C standard ({}).".format(
+                current_cstd, "higher" if comparator == operator.gt else "lower", cstd))
+
+
+def _apple_clang_supported_cstd(version):
+    # TODO: Per-version support
+    return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17", "23", "gnu23"]
+
+
+def _gcc_supported_cstd(version):
+    # TODO: Per-version support
+    return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17", "23", "gnu23"]
+
+
+def _msvc_supported_cstd(version):
+    # TODO: Per-version support
+    return ["11", "17"]
+
+
+def _clang_supported_cstd(version):
+    # TODO: Per-version support
+    return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17", "23", "gnu23"]
diff --git a/conan/tools/cmake/toolchain/blocks.py b/conan/tools/cmake/toolchain/blocks.py
index 27a9c226056..b56344bce40 100644
--- a/conan/tools/cmake/toolchain/blocks.py
+++ b/conan/tools/cmake/toolchain/blocks.py
@@ -244,24 +244,39 @@ def context(self):
 
 class CppStdBlock(Block):
     template = textwrap.dedent("""
+        {% if cppstd %}
         message(STATUS "Conan toolchain: C++ Standard {{ cppstd }} with extensions {{ cppstd_extensions }}")
         set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD {{ cppstd }})
         set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS {{ cppstd_extensions }})
         set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+        {% endif %}
+        {% if cstd %}
+        message(STATUS "Conan toolchain: C Standard {{ cstd }} with extensions {{ cstd_extensions }}")
+        set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD {{ cstd }})
+        set(CMAKE_C_EXTENSIONS {{ cstd_extensions }})
+        set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+        {% endif %}
         """)
 
     def context(self):
         compiler_cppstd = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cppstd")
-        if compiler_cppstd is None:
-            return None
-
-        if compiler_cppstd.startswith("gnu"):
-            cppstd = compiler_cppstd[3:]
-            cppstd_extensions = "ON"
-        else:
-            cppstd = compiler_cppstd
-            cppstd_extensions = "OFF"
-        return {"cppstd": cppstd, "cppstd_extensions": cppstd_extensions}
+        compiler_cstd = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
+        result = {}
+        if compiler_cppstd is not None:
+            if compiler_cppstd.startswith("gnu"):
+                result["cppstd"] = compiler_cppstd[3:]
+                result["cppstd_extensions"] = "ON"
+            else:
+                result["cppstd"] = compiler_cppstd
+                result["cppstd_extensions"] = "OFF"
+        if compiler_cstd is not None:
+            if compiler_cstd.startswith("gnu"):
+                result["cstd"] = compiler_cstd[3:]
+                result["cstd_extensions"] = "ON"
+            else:
+                result["cstd"] = compiler_cstd
+                result["cstd_extensions"] = "OFF"
+        return result or None
 
 
 class SharedLibBock(Block):
diff --git a/conans/client/conf/__init__.py b/conans/client/conf/__init__.py
index 15836051df9..a46f10cd858 100644
--- a/conans/client/conf/__init__.py
+++ b/conans/client/conf/__init__.py
@@ -94,12 +94,13 @@
                     "10", "10.1", "10.2", "10.3", "10.4", "10.5",
                     "11", "11.1", "11.2", "11.3", "11.4",
                     "12", "12.1", "12.2", "12.3",
-                    "13", "13.1", "13.2", 
+                    "13", "13.1", "13.2",
                     "14", "14.1"]
         libcxx: [libstdc++, libstdc++11]
         threads: [null, posix, win32]  # Windows MinGW
         exception: [null, dwarf2, sjlj, seh]  # Windows MinGW
         cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]
+        cstd: [null, 99, gnu99, 11, gnu11, 17, gnu17, 23, gnu23]
     msvc:
         version: [170, 180, 190, 191, 192, 193]
         update: [null, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@
         runtime_type: [Debug, Release]
         cppstd: [null, 14, 17, 20, 23]
         toolset: [null, v110_xp, v120_xp, v140_xp, v141_xp]
+        cstd: [null, 11, 17]
     clang:
         version: ["3.3", "3.4", "3.5", "3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "4.0",
                   "5.0", "6.0", "7.0", "7.1",
@@ -116,11 +118,13 @@
         runtime: [null, static, dynamic]
         runtime_type: [null, Debug, Release]
         runtime_version: [null, v140, v141, v142, v143]
+        cstd: [null, 99, gnu99, 11, gnu11, 17, gnu17, 23, gnu23]
     apple-clang:
         version: ["5.0", "5.1", "6.0", "6.1", "7.0", "7.3", "8.0", "8.1", "9.0", "9.1",
                   "10.0", "11.0", "12.0", "13", "13.0", "13.1", "14", "14.0", "15", "15.0"]
         libcxx: [libstdc++, libc++]
         cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]
+        cstd: [null, 99, gnu99, 11, gnu11, 17, gnu17, 23, gnu23]
     intel-cc:
         version: ["2021.1", "2021.2", "2021.3", "2021.4", "2022.1", "2022.2",
                   "2022.3", "2023.0", "2023.1", "2023.2", "2024.0",]
diff --git a/conans/client/graph/compatibility.py b/conans/client/graph/compatibility.py
index c72c4377c0a..a0a4fd298f2 100644
--- a/conans/client/graph/compatibility.py
+++ b/conans/client/graph/compatibility.py
@@ -23,32 +23,47 @@ def compatibility(conanfile):
 _default_cppstd_compat = """\
 # This file was generated by Conan. Remove this comment if you edit this file or Conan
 # will destroy your changes.
-from conan.tools.build import supported_cppstd
+from conan.tools.build import supported_cppstd, supported_cstd
 from conan.errors import ConanException
 
 
 def cppstd_compat(conanfile):
     # It will try to find packages with all the cppstd versions
     extension_properties = getattr(conanfile, "extension_properties", {})
-    if extension_properties.get("compatibility_cppstd") is False:
-        return []
     compiler = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler")
     compiler_version = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.version")
     cppstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cppstd")
-    if not compiler or not compiler_version or not cppstd:
+    cstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
+    if not compiler or not compiler_version:
         return []
     base = dict(conanfile.settings.values_list)
-    cppstd_possible_values = supported_cppstd(conanfile)
-    if cppstd_possible_values is None:
-        conanfile.output.warning(f'No cppstd compatibility defined for compiler "{compiler}"')
-        return []
+    if cppstd is None or extension_properties.get("compatibility_cppstd") is False:
+        cppstd_possible_values = [None]
+    else:
+        cppstd_possible_values = supported_cppstd(conanfile)
+        if cppstd_possible_values is None:
+            conanfile.output.warning(f'No cppstd compatibility defined for compiler "{compiler}"')
+            cppstd_possible_values = [None]
+    if cstd is None or extension_properties.get("compatibility_cstd") is False:
+        cstd_possible_values = [None]
+    else:
+        cstd_possible_values = supported_cstd(conanfile)
+        if cstd_possible_values is None:
+            conanfile.output.warning(f'No cstd compatibility defined for compiler "{compiler}"')
+            cstd_possible_values = [None]
+
+    combinations = [(c1, c2) for c1 in cppstd_possible_values for c2 in cstd_possible_values]
     ret = []
-    for _cppstd in cppstd_possible_values:
-        if _cppstd is None or _cppstd == cppstd:
-            continue
-        configuration = base.copy()
-        configuration["compiler.cppstd"] = _cppstd
-        ret.append({"settings": [(k, v) for k, v in configuration.items()]})
+    for _cppstd, _cstd in combinations:
+        conf_variation = {}
+        if _cppstd is not None and _cppstd != cppstd:
+            conf_variation["compiler.cppstd"] = _cppstd
+        if _cstd is not None and _cstd != cstd:
+            conf_variation["compiler.cstd"] = _cstd
+        if conf_variation:
+            configuration = base.copy()
+            configuration.update(conf_variation)
+            ret.append({"settings": [(k, v) for k, v in configuration.items()]})
 
     return ret
 """
diff --git a/conans/model/conan_file.py b/conans/model/conan_file.py
index 554d0938afa..46789591f56 100644
--- a/conans/model/conan_file.py
+++ b/conans/model/conan_file.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class ConanFile:
     default_options = None
     default_build_options = None
     package_type = None
+    languages = []
 
     implements = []
 
@@ -92,6 +93,8 @@ def __init__(self, display_name=""):
 
         if isinstance(self.generators, str):
             self.generators = [self.generators]
+        if isinstance(self.languages, str):
+            self.languages = [self.languages]
         if isinstance(self.settings, str):
             self.settings = [self.settings]
         self.requires = Requirements(self.requires, self.build_requires, self.test_requires,
diff --git a/conans/test/integration/package_id/test_cache_compatibles.py b/conans/test/integration/package_id/test_cache_compatibles.py
index f98dd7fe628..8e63ae18339 100644
--- a/conans/test/integration/package_id/test_cache_compatibles.py
+++ b/conans/test/integration/package_id/test_cache_compatibles.py
@@ -311,6 +311,37 @@ def package_info(self):
         assert "valid standard!!" in c.out
         assert "pkg/0.1: CPPSTD: 17" in c.out
 
+    def test_check_min_cstd(self):
+        """ test that the check_min_cstd works fine wiht compatibility
+        """
+        conanfile = textwrap.dedent("""
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.build import check_min_cstd
+            class Pkg(ConanFile):
+                name = "pkg"
+                version = "0.1"
+                settings = "os", "arch", "compiler", "build_type"
+                languages = "C"
+                def validate(self):
+                    check_min_cstd(self, "17", False)
+                    self.output.info("valid standard!!")
+                def package_info(self):
+                    self.output.info("CSTD: {}".format(self.settings.compiler.cstd))
+            """)
+
+        c = TestClient()
+        c.save({"conanfile.py": conanfile})
+        settings = "-s compiler=gcc -s compiler.version=9 -s compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11"
+        c.run(f"create .  {settings} -s compiler.cstd=17")
+        assert "pkg/0.1: valid standard!!" in c.out
+        assert "pkg/0.1: CSTD: 17" in c.out
+        c.run(f"install {settings} --requires=pkg/0.1 -s compiler.cstd=11", assert_error=True)
+        assert "pkg/0.1: Invalid: Current cstd (11) is lower than the required C standard (17)."\
+               in c.out
+        c.run(f"install {settings} --requires=pkg/0.1 -s compiler.cstd=23")
+        assert "valid standard!!" in c.out
+        assert "pkg/0.1: CSTD: 17" in c.out
+
     def test_check_min_cppstd_interface(self):
         """ test that says that compatible binaries are ok, as long as the user defined
         cppstd>=14. The syntax is a bit forced, maybe we want to improve ``check_min_cppstd``

From 69ee38582d1a00564bf84d7afb8e0abdcdad7f31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ernesto de Gracia Herranz <vivalaburocracia@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2024 13:14:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] Test for BazelDeps in the build context (#16025)

* feat add test to bazeldeps

* Fixed several bugs. Improved tests coverage

* Reverted

* Better name

---------

Co-authored-by: Francisco Ramirez de Anton <franchuti688@gmail.com>
---
 conan/tools/google/bazeldeps.py               | 20 +++--
 .../toolchains/google/test_bazeldeps.py       | 89 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/google/bazeldeps.py b/conan/tools/google/bazeldeps.py
index 4dffc1c4db7..b2d64f985c5 100644
--- a/conan/tools/google/bazeldeps.py
+++ b/conan/tools/google/bazeldeps.py
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ def _get_package_reference_name(dep):
     return dep.ref.name
 
 
-def _get_repository_name(dep):
+def _get_repository_name(dep, is_build_require=False):
     pkg_name = dep.cpp_info.get_property("bazel_repository_name") or _get_package_reference_name(dep)
-    return f"build-{pkg_name}" if dep.context == "build" else pkg_name
+    return f"build-{pkg_name}" if is_build_require else pkg_name
 
 
 def _get_target_name(dep):
@@ -456,9 +456,11 @@ def generate(self):
 
 class _InfoGenerator:
 
-    def __init__(self, conanfile, dep):
+    def __init__(self, conanfile, dep, require):
         self._conanfile = conanfile
         self._dep = dep
+        self._req = require
+        self._is_build_require = require.build
         self._transitive_reqs = get_transitive_requires(self._conanfile, dep)
 
     def _get_cpp_info_requires_names(self, cpp_info):
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ def package_info(self):
                 try:
                     req_conanfile = self._transitive_reqs[pkg_ref_name]
                     # Requirements declared in another dependency BUILD file
-                    prefix = f"@{_get_repository_name(req_conanfile)}//:"
+                    prefix = f"@{_get_repository_name(req_conanfile, is_build_require=self._is_build_require)}//:"
                 except KeyError:
                     continue  # If the dependency is not in the transitive, might be skipped
             else:  # For instance, dep == "hello/1.0" and req == "hello::cmp1" -> hello == hello
@@ -527,7 +529,7 @@ def root_package_info(self):
 
         :return: `_BazelTargetInfo` object with the package information
         """
-        repository_name = _get_repository_name(self._dep)
+        repository_name = _get_repository_name(self._dep, is_build_require=self._is_build_require)
         pkg_name = _get_target_name(self._dep)
         # At first, let's check if we have defined some global requires, e.g., "other::cmp1"
         requires = self._get_cpp_info_requires_names(self._dep.cpp_info)
@@ -535,8 +537,10 @@ def root_package_info(self):
         if not requires:
             # If no requires were found, let's try to get all the direct dependencies,
             # e.g., requires = "other_pkg/1.0"
-            requires = [f"@{_get_repository_name(req)}//:{_get_target_name(req)}"
-                        for req in self._transitive_reqs.values()]
+            requires = [
+                f"@{_get_repository_name(req, is_build_require=self._is_build_require)}//:{_get_target_name(req)}"
+                for req in self._transitive_reqs.values()
+            ]
         cpp_info = self._dep.cpp_info
         return _BazelTargetInfo(repository_name, pkg_name, requires, cpp_info)
 
@@ -567,7 +571,7 @@ def generate(self):
         deps_info = []
         for require, dep in requirements:
             # Bazel info generator
-            info_generator = _InfoGenerator(self._conanfile, dep)
+            info_generator = _InfoGenerator(self._conanfile, dep, require)
             root_package_info = info_generator.root_package_info
             components_info = info_generator.components_info
             # Generating single BUILD files per dependency
diff --git a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/google/test_bazeldeps.py b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/google/test_bazeldeps.py
index 62b6059495d..92ccd008d7d 100644
--- a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/google/test_bazeldeps.py
+++ b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/google/test_bazeldeps.py
@@ -880,3 +880,92 @@ def build(self):
           "--build=example")
     c.assert_listed_require({"example/1.0": "Cache"})
     c.assert_listed_require({"example/1.0": "Cache"}, build=True)
+
+
+class TestBazelGenerationBuildContext:
+    """
+    https://github.com/conan-io/conan/issues/15764
+    """
+    def test_bazel_generate(self):
+        c = TestClient()
+        tool = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import os
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.google import BazelDeps
+            class Example(ConanFile):
+                name = "tool"
+                version = "1.0"
+                requires = "wayland/1.0"
+                tool_requires = "wayland/1.0"
+                def generate(self):
+                    tc = BazelDeps(self)
+                    tc.build_context_activated = ["wayland", "dep"]
+                    tc.generate()
+                def build(self):
+                    # Build context
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("build-wayland", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    # Revisit this after investigation -> build_req = conanfile.dependencies.direct_build
+                    # assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("build-dep", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    # Host context
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("wayland", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("dep", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                """)
+        c.save({"dep/conanfile.py": GenConanfile("dep", "1.0").with_package_type("shared-library"),
+                "wayland/conanfile.py": GenConanfile("wayland", "1.0").with_requires("dep/1.0"),
+                "tool/conanfile.py": tool,
+                "app/conanfile.py": GenConanfile().with_tool_requires("tool/1.0")})
+        c.run("export dep")
+        c.run("export wayland")
+        c.run("export tool")
+        c.run("install app --build=missing")
+        assert "Install finished successfully" in c.out  # the asserts in build() didn't fail
+        # Now make sure we can actually build with build!=host context
+        c.run("install app -s:h build_type=Debug --build=missing")
+        assert "Install finished successfully" in c.out  # the asserts in build() didn't fail
+
+    def test_bazel_generate_components(self):
+        c = TestClient()
+        tool = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import os
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.google import BazelDeps
+            class Example(ConanFile):
+                name = "tool"
+                version = "1.0"
+                requires = "wayland/1.0"
+                tool_requires = "wayland/1.0"
+                def generate(self):
+                    tc = BazelDeps(self)
+                    tc.build_context_activated = ["wayland", "dep"]
+                    tc.generate()
+                def build(self):
+                    # Build context
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("build-wayland", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    # Revisit this after investigation -> build_req = conanfile.dependencies.direct_build
+                    # assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("build-dep", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    # Host context
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("wayland", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join("dep", "BUILD.bazel"))
+                """)
+        wayland = textwrap.dedent("""
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            class Pkg(ConanFile):
+                name = "wayland"
+                version = "1.0"
+                requires = "dep/1.0"
+                def package_info(self):
+                    self.cpp_info.components["client"].libs = []
+                    self.cpp_info.components["server"].libs = []
+            """)
+        c.save({"dep/conanfile.py": GenConanfile("dep", "1.0").with_package_type("shared-library"),
+                "wayland/conanfile.py": wayland,
+                "tool/conanfile.py": tool,
+                "app/conanfile.py": GenConanfile().with_tool_requires("tool/1.0")})
+        c.run("export dep")
+        c.run("export wayland")
+        c.run("export tool")
+        c.run("install app --build=missing")
+        assert "Install finished successfully" in c.out  # the asserts in build() didn't fail
+        # Now make sure we can actually build with build!=host context
+        c.run("install app -s:h build_type=Debug --build=missing")
+        assert "Install finished successfully" in c.out  # the asserts in build() didn't fail

From c8545d82dd39a83acfb4c6fe6a3c1e549d680ba8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 12:37:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] copy only if different (#16031)

---
 conan/tools/files/copy_pattern.py | 19 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/files/copy_pattern.py b/conan/tools/files/copy_pattern.py
index e960ea13c1f..ef0796da0ff 100644
--- a/conan/tools/files/copy_pattern.py
+++ b/conan/tools/files/copy_pattern.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import filecmp
 import fnmatch
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 def copy(conanfile, pattern, src, dst, keep_path=True, excludes=None,
-         ignore_case=True):
+         ignore_case=True, overwrite_equal=False):
     """
     Copy the files matching the pattern (fnmatch) at the src folder to a dst folder.
 
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@ def copy(conanfile, pattern, src, dst, keep_path=True, excludes=None,
     :param ignore_case: (Optional, defaulted to ``True``) If enabled, it will do a
            case-insensitive pattern matching. will do a case-insensitive pattern matching when
            ``True``
+    :param overwrite_equal: (Optional, default ``False``). If the file to be copied already exists
+           in the destination folder, only really copy it if it seems different (different size,
+           different modification time)
     :return: list of copied files
     """
     if src == dst:
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ def copy(conanfile, pattern, src, dst, keep_path=True, excludes=None,
     files_to_copy, files_symlinked_to_folders = _filter_files(src, pattern, excludes, ignore_case,
                                                               excluded_folder)
 
-    copied_files = _copy_files(files_to_copy, src, dst, keep_path)
+    copied_files = _copy_files(files_to_copy, src, dst, keep_path, overwrite_equal)
     copied_files.extend(_copy_files_symlinked_to_folders(files_symlinked_to_folders, src, dst))
     if conanfile:  # Some usages still pass None
         copied = '\n    '.join(files_to_copy)
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ def _filter_files(src, pattern, excludes, ignore_case, excluded_folder):
     return files_to_copy, files_symlinked_to_folders
 
 
-def _copy_files(files, src, dst, keep_path):
+def _copy_files(files, src, dst, keep_path, overwrite_equal):
     """ executes a multiple file copy from [(src_file, dst_file), (..)]
     managing symlinks if necessary
     """
@@ -122,14 +126,17 @@ def _copy_files(files, src, dst, keep_path):
             os.makedirs(parent_folder, exist_ok=True)
 
         if os.path.islink(abs_src_name):
-            linkto = os.readlink(abs_src_name)  # @UndefinedVariable
+            linkto = os.readlink(abs_src_name)
             try:
                 os.remove(abs_dst_name)
             except OSError:
                 pass
-            os.symlink(linkto, abs_dst_name)  # @UndefinedVariable
+            os.symlink(linkto, abs_dst_name)
         else:
-            shutil.copy2(abs_src_name, abs_dst_name)
+            # Avoid the copy if the file exists and has the exact same signature (size + mod time)
+            if overwrite_equal or not os.path.exists(abs_dst_name) \
+                    or not filecmp.cmp(abs_src_name, abs_dst_name):
+                shutil.copy2(abs_src_name, abs_dst_name)
         copied_files.append(abs_dst_name)
     return copied_files
 

From 7dbfb3d452b7140a118cc48321ea3a166b5fb0bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 12:41:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] allow conf in exports-sources and export (#16034)

---
 conans/client/cmd/export.py                |  1 +
 conans/test/functional/tools/test_files.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/conans/client/cmd/export.py b/conans/client/cmd/export.py
index 4ff4f40d721..93ae8bc26b6 100644
--- a/conans/client/cmd/export.py
+++ b/conans/client/cmd/export.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def cmd_export(app, global_conf, conanfile_path, name, version, user, channel, g
     ref.validate_ref(allow_uppercase=global_conf.get("core:allow_uppercase_pkg_names",
                                                      check_type=bool))
 
+    conanfile.conf = global_conf.get_conanfile_conf(ref, is_consumer=True)
     conanfile.display_name = str(ref)
     conanfile.output.scope = conanfile.display_name
     scoped_output = conanfile.output
diff --git a/conans/test/functional/tools/test_files.py b/conans/test/functional/tools/test_files.py
index 2aef28f1844..c6f5331661f 100644
--- a/conans/test/functional/tools/test_files.py
+++ b/conans/test/functional/tools/test_files.py
@@ -86,6 +86,32 @@ def source(self):
         client.save({"profile": profile})
         client.run("create . -pr=profile")
 
+    def test_download_export_sources(self):
+        client = TestClient(light=True)
+        file_server = TestFileServer()
+        client.servers["file_server"] = file_server
+        save(os.path.join(file_server.store, "myfile.txt"), "some content")
+        save(os.path.join(file_server.store, "myfile2.txt"), "some content")
+
+        conanfile = textwrap.dedent(f"""
+            import os
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.files import download
+
+            class Pkg(ConanFile):
+                name = "mypkg"
+                version = "1.0"
+                def export(self):
+                    download(self, "{file_server.fake_url}/myfile.txt", "myfile.txt")
+                    assert os.path.exists("myfile.txt")
+                def export_sources(self):
+                    download(self, "{file_server.fake_url}/myfile2.txt", "myfile2.txt")
+                    assert os.path.exists("myfile2.txt")
+            """)
+
+        client.save({"conanfile.py": conanfile})
+        client.run("create .")
+
 
 def test_patch(mock_patch_ng):
     conanfile = textwrap.dedent("""

From d579c0f3602ff82d102bfc7bbb274a11f1658a7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 15:37:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] refactor apple_min_version_flag() (#16017)

* refactor apple_min_version_flag()

* Refactored all the apple module and where it was being used (AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain for now)

* Fixed bad return

* Fixing tests

* Keeping legacy behavior in apple_min_version_flag function

* Preventing possible breaking change

---------

Co-authored-by: Francisco Ramirez de Anton <franchuti688@gmail.com>
---
 conan/tools/apple/apple.py                    | 84 +++++++++++--------
 conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py         | 38 ++++-----
 conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py                | 21 ++---
 .../integration/tools/test_apple_xcrun.py     | 56 +++++++++++++
 .../autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py     |  2 +-
 conans/test/unittests/util/apple_test.py      | 52 ++----------
 6 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 116 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 conans/test/integration/tools/test_apple_xcrun.py

diff --git a/conan/tools/apple/apple.py b/conan/tools/apple/apple.py
index 39dafb69df1..52a021817a2 100644
--- a/conan/tools/apple/apple.py
+++ b/conan/tools/apple/apple.py
@@ -30,11 +30,16 @@ def to_apple_arch(conanfile, default=None):
     return _to_apple_arch(arch_, default)
 
 
-def apple_sdk_path(conanfile):
+def apple_sdk_path(conanfile, is_cross_building=True):
     sdk_path = conanfile.conf.get("tools.apple:sdk_path")
     if not sdk_path:
         # XCRun already knows how to extract os.sdk from conanfile.settings
         sdk_path = XCRun(conanfile).sdk_path
+    if not sdk_path and is_cross_building:
+        raise ConanException(
+            "Apple SDK path not found. For cross-compilation, you must "
+            "provide a valid SDK path in 'tools.apple:sdk_path' config."
+        )
     return sdk_path
 
 
@@ -48,7 +53,6 @@ def get_apple_sdk_fullname(conanfile):
     os_ = conanfile.settings.get_safe('os')
     os_sdk = conanfile.settings.get_safe('os.sdk')
     os_sdk_version = conanfile.settings.get_safe('os.sdk_version') or ""
-
     if os_sdk:
         return "{}{}".format(os_sdk, os_sdk_version)
     elif os_ == "Macos":  # it has only a single value for all the architectures
@@ -57,39 +61,51 @@ def get_apple_sdk_fullname(conanfile):
         raise ConanException("Please, specify a suitable value for os.sdk.")
 
 
-def apple_min_version_flag(os_version, os_sdk, subsystem):
+def apple_min_version_flag(conanfile):
     """compiler flag name which controls deployment target"""
-    if not os_version or not os_sdk:
-        return ''
-
-    # FIXME: This guess seems wrong, nothing has to be guessed, but explicit
-    flag = ''
-    if 'macosx' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mmacosx-version-min'
-    elif 'iphoneos' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mios-version-min'
-    elif 'iphonesimulator' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mios-simulator-version-min'
-    elif 'watchos' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mwatchos-version-min'
-    elif 'watchsimulator' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mwatchos-simulator-version-min'
-    elif 'appletvos' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mtvos-version-min'
-    elif 'appletvsimulator' in os_sdk:
-        flag = '-mtvos-simulator-version-min'
-    elif 'xros' in os_sdk:
-        # need early return as string did not fit into the "normal" schema
-        return f'-target arm64-apple-xros{os_version}'
-    elif 'xrsimulator' in os_sdk:
-        # need early return as string did not fit into the "normal" schema
-        return f'-target arm64-apple-xros{os_version}-simulator'
-
-    if subsystem == 'catalyst':
-        # especial case, despite Catalyst is macOS, it requires an iOS version argument
-        flag = '-mios-version-min'
-
-    return f"{flag}={os_version}" if flag else ''
+    os_ = conanfile.settings.get_safe('os')
+    os_sdk = conanfile.settings.get_safe('os.sdk')
+    os_sdk = os_sdk or ("macosx" if os_ == "Macos" else None)
+    os_version = conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.version")
+    if not os_sdk or not os_version:
+        # Legacy behavior
+        return ""
+    if conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.subsystem") == 'catalyst':
+        os_sdk = "iphoneos"
+    return {
+        "macosx": f"-mmacosx-version-min={os_version}",
+        "iphoneos": f"-mios-version-min={os_version}",
+        "iphonesimulator": f"-mios-simulator-version-min={os_version}",
+        "watchos": f"-mwatchos-version-min={os_version}",
+        "watchsimulator": f"-mwatchos-simulator-version-min={os_version}",
+        "appletvos": f"-mtvos-version-min={os_version}",
+        "appletvsimulator": f"-mtvos-simulator-version-min={os_version}",
+        "xros": f"-target arm64-apple-xros{os_version}",
+        "xrsimulator": f"-target arm64-apple-xros{os_version}-simulator",
+    }.get(os_sdk, "")
+
+
+def resolve_apple_flags(conanfile, is_cross_building=False):
+    """
+    Gets the most common flags in Apple systems. If it's a cross-building context
+    SDK path is mandatory so if it could raise an exception if SDK is not found.
+
+    :param conanfile: <ConanFile> instance.
+    :param is_cross_building: boolean to indicate if it's a cross-building context.
+    :return: tuple of Apple flags (apple_min_version_flag, apple_arch, apple_isysroot_flag).
+    """
+    if not is_apple_os(conanfile):
+        # Keeping legacy defaults
+        return "", None, None
+
+    apple_arch_flag = apple_isysroot_flag = None
+    if is_cross_building:
+        arch = to_apple_arch(conanfile)
+        sdk_path = apple_sdk_path(conanfile, is_cross_building=is_cross_building)
+        apple_isysroot_flag = f"-isysroot {sdk_path}" if sdk_path else ""
+        apple_arch_flag = f"-arch {arch}" if arch else ""
+    min_version_flag = apple_min_version_flag(conanfile)
+    return min_version_flag, apple_arch_flag, apple_isysroot_flag
 
 
 class XCRun:
diff --git a/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py b/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
index 41430e73b25..c81e70abebc 100644
--- a/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
+++ b/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from conan.internal import check_duplicated_generator
 from conan.internal.internal_tools import raise_on_universal_arch
-from conan.tools.apple.apple import apple_min_version_flag, is_apple_os, to_apple_arch, apple_sdk_path
-from conan.tools.apple.apple import get_apple_sdk_fullname
+from conan.tools.apple.apple import apple_min_version_flag, is_apple_os, to_apple_arch, \
+    apple_sdk_path, resolve_apple_flags
 from conan.tools.build import cmd_args_to_string, save_toolchain_args
 from conan.tools.build.cross_building import cross_building
 from conan.tools.build.flags import architecture_flag, build_type_flags, cppstd_flag, build_type_link_flags, libcxx_flags
@@ -59,16 +59,8 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile, namespace=None, prefix="/"):
         self._build = self._conanfile.conf.get("tools.gnu:build_triplet")
         self._target = None
 
-        self.apple_arch_flag = self.apple_isysroot_flag = None
-
-        os_sdk = get_apple_sdk_fullname(conanfile)
-        os_version = conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.version")
-        subsystem = conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.subsystem")
-        self.apple_min_version_flag = apple_min_version_flag(os_version, os_sdk, subsystem)
-
-        self.sysroot_flag = None
-
-        if cross_building(self._conanfile):
+        is_cross_building = cross_building(self._conanfile)
+        if is_cross_building:
             os_host = conanfile.settings.get_safe("os")
             arch_host = conanfile.settings.get_safe("arch")
             os_build = conanfile.settings_build.get_safe('os')
@@ -80,17 +72,6 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile, namespace=None, prefix="/"):
             # Build triplet
             if not self._build:
                 self._build = _get_gnu_triplet(os_build, arch_build, compiler=compiler)
-            # Apple Stuff
-            if os_build == "Macos" and is_apple_os(conanfile):
-                # SDK path is mandatory for cross-building
-                sdk_path = apple_sdk_path(self._conanfile)
-                if not sdk_path:
-                    raise ConanException("You must provide a valid SDK path for cross-compilation.")
-                apple_arch = to_apple_arch(self._conanfile)
-                # https://man.archlinux.org/man/clang.1.en#Target_Selection_Options
-                self.apple_arch_flag = "-arch {}".format(apple_arch) if apple_arch else None
-                # -isysroot makes all includes for your library relative to the build directory
-                self.apple_isysroot_flag = "-isysroot {}".format(sdk_path) if sdk_path else None
 
         sysroot = self._conanfile.conf.get("tools.build:sysroot")
         sysroot = sysroot.replace("\\", "/") if sysroot is not None else None
@@ -101,6 +82,17 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile, namespace=None, prefix="/"):
                               self._get_triplets()
         self.autoreconf_args = self._default_autoreconf_flags()
         self.make_args = []
+        # Apple stuff
+        is_cross_building_osx = (is_cross_building
+                                 and conanfile.settings_build.get_safe('os') == "Macos"
+                                 and is_apple_os(conanfile))
+        min_flag, arch_flag, isysroot_flag = resolve_apple_flags(conanfile,
+                                                                 is_cross_building=is_cross_building_osx)
+        # https://man.archlinux.org/man/clang.1.en#Target_Selection_Options
+        self.apple_arch_flag = arch_flag
+        # -isysroot makes all includes for your library relative to the build directory
+        self.apple_isysroot_flag = isysroot_flag
+        self.apple_min_version_flag = min_flag
 
     def _get_msvc_runtime_flag(self):
         flag = msvc_runtime_flag(self._conanfile)
diff --git a/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py b/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
index b7f945b31e9..2e019d88dfe 100644
--- a/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
+++ b/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from conan.internal import check_duplicated_generator
 from conan.internal.internal_tools import raise_on_universal_arch
 from conan.tools.apple.apple import to_apple_arch, is_apple_os, apple_min_version_flag, \
-    apple_sdk_path, get_apple_sdk_fullname
+    apple_sdk_path, resolve_apple_flags
 from conan.tools.build.cross_building import cross_building
 from conan.tools.build.flags import libcxx_flags
 from conan.tools.env import VirtualBuildEnv
@@ -307,21 +307,12 @@ def _get_cpp_info_value(name):
     def _resolve_apple_flags_and_variables(self, build_env, compilers_by_conf):
         if not self._is_apple_system:
             return
-        # SDK path is mandatory for cross-building
-        sdk_path = apple_sdk_path(self._conanfile)
-        if not sdk_path and self.cross_build:
-            raise ConanException(
-                "Apple SDK path not found. For cross-compilation, you must "
-                "provide a valid SDK path in 'tools.apple:sdk_path' config."
-            )
         # Calculating the main Apple flags
-        os_sdk = get_apple_sdk_fullname(self._conanfile)
-        arch = to_apple_arch(self._conanfile)
-        self.apple_arch_flag = ["-arch", arch] if arch else []
-        self.apple_isysroot_flag = ["-isysroot", sdk_path] if sdk_path else []
-        os_version = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.version")
-        subsystem = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("os.subsystem")
-        self.apple_min_version_flag = [apple_min_version_flag(os_version, os_sdk, subsystem)]
+        min_flag, arch_flag, isysroot_flag = (
+            resolve_apple_flags(self._conanfile, is_cross_building=bool(self.cross_build)))
+        self.apple_arch_flag = arch_flag.split() if arch_flag else []
+        self.apple_isysroot_flag = isysroot_flag.split() if isysroot_flag else []
+        self.apple_min_version_flag = [apple_min_version_flag(self._conanfile)]
         # Objective C/C++ ones
         self.objc = compilers_by_conf.get("objc", "clang")
         self.objcpp = compilers_by_conf.get("objcpp", "clang++")
diff --git a/conans/test/integration/tools/test_apple_xcrun.py b/conans/test/integration/tools/test_apple_xcrun.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e978106aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conans/test/integration/tools/test_apple_xcrun.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+import pytest
+
+from conan.tools.apple.apple import XCRun
+from conans.test.utils.mocks import ConanFileMock, MockSettings
+from conans.util.runners import conan_run
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(platform.system() != "Darwin", reason="Requires OSX and xcrun tool")
+def test_xcrun():
+    def _common_asserts(xcrun_):
+        assert xcrun_.cc.endswith('clang')
+        assert xcrun_.cxx.endswith('clang++')
+        assert xcrun_.ar.endswith('ar')
+        assert xcrun_.ranlib.endswith('ranlib')
+        assert xcrun_.strip.endswith('strip')
+        assert xcrun_.find('lipo').endswith('lipo')
+        assert os.path.isdir(xcrun_.sdk_path)
+
+    conanfile = ConanFileMock( runner=conan_run)
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings(
+        {"os": "Macos",
+         "arch": "x86"})
+    xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
+    _common_asserts(xcrun)
+
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings(
+        {"os": "iOS",
+         "arch": "x86"})
+    xcrun = XCRun(conanfile, sdk='macosx')
+    _common_asserts(xcrun)
+    # Simulator
+    assert "iPhoneOS" not in xcrun.sdk_path
+
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings(
+        {"os": "iOS",
+         "os.sdk": "iphoneos",
+         "arch": "armv7"})
+    xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
+    _common_asserts(xcrun)
+    assert "iPhoneOS" in xcrun.sdk_path
+
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings(
+        {"os": "watchOS",
+         "os.sdk": "watchos",
+         "arch": "armv7"})
+    xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
+    _common_asserts(xcrun)
+    assert "WatchOS" in xcrun.sdk_path
+
+    # Default one
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings({})
+    xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
+    _common_asserts(xcrun)
diff --git a/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py b/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
index d8fa16cf938..6c7dd86b207 100644
--- a/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
+++ b/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def test_crossbuild_from_macos_to_non_apple_os():
     conanfile.settings = MockSettings({"os": "Android", "arch": "armv8"})
     conanfile.settings_build = MockSettings({"os": "Macos", "arch": "armv8"})
     be = AutotoolsToolchain(conanfile)
-    assert be.apple_min_version_flag == ''
+    assert be.apple_min_version_flag == ""
     assert be.apple_arch_flag is None
     assert be.apple_isysroot_flag is None
 
diff --git a/conans/test/unittests/util/apple_test.py b/conans/test/unittests/util/apple_test.py
index ee4adb734d5..c1e27624f5b 100644
--- a/conans/test/unittests/util/apple_test.py
+++ b/conans/test/unittests/util/apple_test.py
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-import os
-import platform
 import unittest
 
 import pytest
 
 from conan.tools.apple.apple import _to_apple_arch, apple_min_version_flag, \
-    is_apple_os, XCRun
+    is_apple_os
 from conans.test.utils.mocks import MockSettings, ConanFileMock
-from conans.util.runners import conan_run
 
 
 class FakeSettings(object):
@@ -48,11 +45,17 @@ class TestApple:
                                '-mtvos-simulator-version-min=10.1'),
                               ("Macos", "10.1", "macosx", "catalyst", '-mios-version-min=10.1'),
                               ("Solaris", "10.1", None, None, ''),
-                              ("Macos", "10.1", None, None, ''),
+                              ("Macos", "10.1", None, None, '-mmacosx-version-min=10.1'),
                               ("Macos", None, "macosx", None, '')
                               ])
     def test_deployment_target_flag_name(self, os_, version, sdk, subsystem, flag):
-        assert apple_min_version_flag(version, sdk, subsystem) == flag
+        conanfile = ConanFileMock()
+        settings = MockSettings({"os": os_,
+                                 "os.version": version,
+                                 "os.sdk": sdk,
+                                 "os.subsystem": subsystem})
+        conanfile.settings = settings
+        assert apple_min_version_flag(conanfile) == flag
 
 
 class AppleTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -82,40 +85,3 @@ def test_to_apple_arch(self):
         self.assertEqual(_to_apple_arch('armv8_32'), 'arm64_32')
         self.assertIsNone(_to_apple_arch('mips'))
         self.assertEqual(_to_apple_arch('mips', default='mips'), 'mips')
-
-    @pytest.mark.skipif(platform.system() != "Darwin", reason="Requires OSX")
-    def test_xcrun(self):
-
-        def _common_asserts(xcrun_):
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.cc.endswith('clang'))
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.cxx.endswith('clang++'))
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.ar.endswith('ar'))
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.ranlib.endswith('ranlib'))
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.strip.endswith('strip'))
-            self.assertTrue(xcrun_.find('lipo').endswith('lipo'))
-            self.assertTrue(os.path.isdir(xcrun_.sdk_path))
-
-        conanfile = ConanFileMock(settings=FakeSettings('Macos', 'x86'), runner=conan_run)
-        xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
-        _common_asserts(xcrun)
-
-        conanfile.settings = FakeSettings('iOS', 'x86')
-        xcrun = XCRun(conanfile, sdk='macosx')
-        _common_asserts(xcrun)
-        # Simulator
-        self.assertNotIn("iPhoneOS", xcrun.sdk_path)
-
-        conanfile.settings = FakeSettings('iOS', 'armv7', os_sdk="iphoneos")
-        xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
-        _common_asserts(xcrun)
-        self.assertIn("iPhoneOS", xcrun.sdk_path)
-
-        conanfile.settings = FakeSettings('watchOS', 'armv7', os_sdk="watchos")
-        xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
-        _common_asserts(xcrun)
-        self.assertIn("WatchOS", xcrun.sdk_path)
-
-        # Default one
-        conanfile.settings = FakeSettings(None, None)
-        xcrun = XCRun(conanfile)
-        _common_asserts(xcrun)

From ce4f5df94401b40352d864114db8f4653c8b93eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Sebastian=20H=C3=B6ffner?= <info@sebastian-hoeffner.de>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 20:39:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] Allow to unhide git url (#16038)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* Add hide_url tests for git scm tool

* Add hide_url flag to clone and fetch_commit.

Resolves #15684

* Update conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py

* Update conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py

---------

Co-authored-by: Rubén Rincón Blanco <git@rinconblanco.es>
---
 conan/tools/scm/git.py                       | 18 ++++--
 conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/scm/git.py b/conan/tools/scm/git.py
index bf2ea8ba064..1c8a12fc06d 100644
--- a/conan/tools/scm/git.py
+++ b/conan/tools/scm/git.py
@@ -197,13 +197,15 @@ def get_repo_root(self):
         folder = self.run("rev-parse --show-toplevel")
         return folder.replace("\\", "/")
 
-    def clone(self, url, target="", args=None):
+    def clone(self, url, target="", args=None, hide_url=True):
         """
         Performs a ``git clone <url> <args> <target>`` operation, where target is the target directory.
 
         :param url: URL of remote repository.
         :param target: Target folder.
         :param args: Extra arguments to pass to the git clone as a list.
+        :param hide_url: Hides the URL from the log output to prevent accidental
+                     credential leaks. Can be disabled by passing ``False``.
         """
         args = args or []
         if os.path.exists(url):
@@ -212,18 +214,24 @@ def clone(self, url, target="", args=None):
         self._conanfile.output.info("Cloning git repo")
         target_path = f'"{target}"' if target else ""  # quote in case there are spaces in path
         # Avoid printing the clone command, it can contain tokens
-        self.run('clone "{}" {} {}'.format(url, " ".join(args), target_path), hidden_output=url)
+        self.run('clone "{}" {} {}'.format(url, " ".join(args), target_path),
+                 hidden_output=url if hide_url else None)
 
-    def fetch_commit(self, url, commit):
+    def fetch_commit(self, url, commit, hide_url=True):
         """
-        Experimental: does a 1 commit fetch and checkout, instead of a full clone,
+        Experimental: does a single commit fetch and checkout, instead of a full clone,
         should be faster.
+
+        :param url: URL of remote repository.
+        :param commit: The commit ref to checkout.
+        :param hide_url: Hides the URL from the log output to prevent accidental
+                     credential leaks. Can be disabled by passing ``False``.
         """
         if os.path.exists(url):
             url = url.replace("\\", "/")  # Windows local directory
         self._conanfile.output.info("Shallow fetch of git repo")
         self.run('init')
-        self.run(f'remote add origin "{url}"', hidden_output=url)
+        self.run(f'remote add origin "{url}"', hidden_output=url if hide_url else None)
         self.run(f'fetch --depth 1 origin {commit}')
         self.run('checkout FETCH_HEAD')
 
diff --git a/conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py b/conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py
index 90cd7025741..bc7bf1b6cbe 100644
--- a/conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py
+++ b/conans/test/functional/tools/scm/test_git.py
@@ -289,6 +289,37 @@ def test_clone_checkout(self):
         assert c.load("source/src/myfile.h") == "myheader!"
         assert c.load("source/CMakeLists.txt") == "mycmake"
 
+    def test_clone_url_not_hidden(self):
+        conanfile = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import os
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.scm import Git
+            from conan.tools.files import load
+
+            class Pkg(ConanFile):
+                name = "pkg"
+                version = "0.1"
+
+                def layout(self):
+                    self.folders.source = "source"
+
+                def source(self):
+                    git = Git(self)
+                    git.clone(url="{url}", target=".", hide_url=False)
+            """)
+        folder = os.path.join(temp_folder(), "myrepo")
+        url, _ = create_local_git_repo(files={"CMakeLists.txt": "mycmake"}, folder=folder)
+
+        c = TestClient(light=True)
+        c.save({"conanfile.py": conanfile.format(url=url)})
+        c.run("create . -v")
+        # Clone URL is explicitly printed
+        assert f'pkg/0.1: RUN: git clone "{url}"  "."' in c.out
+
+        # It also works in local flow
+        c.run("source .")
+        assert f'conanfile.py (pkg/0.1): RUN: git clone "{url}"  "."' in c.out
+
     def test_clone_target(self):
         # Clone to a different target folder
         # https://github.com/conan-io/conan/issues/14058
@@ -422,6 +453,37 @@ def test_clone_checkout(self):
         assert c.load("source/src/myfile.h") == "myheader!"
         assert c.load("source/CMakeLists.txt") == "mycmake"
 
+    def test_clone_url_not_hidden(self):
+        conanfile = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import os
+            from conan import ConanFile
+            from conan.tools.scm import Git
+            from conan.tools.files import load
+
+            class Pkg(ConanFile):
+                name = "pkg"
+                version = "0.1"
+
+                def layout(self):
+                    self.folders.source = "source"
+
+                def source(self):
+                    git = Git(self)
+                    git.fetch_commit(url="{url}", commit="{commit}", hide_url=False)
+            """)
+        folder = os.path.join(temp_folder(), "myrepo")
+        url, commit = create_local_git_repo(files={"CMakeLists.txt": "mycmake"}, folder=folder)
+
+        c = TestClient(light=True)
+        c.save({"conanfile.py": conanfile.format(url=url, commit=commit)})
+        c.run("create . -v")
+        # Clone URL is explicitly printed
+        assert f'pkg/0.1: RUN: git remote add origin "{url}"' in c.out
+
+        # It also works in local flow
+        c.run("source .")
+        assert f'conanfile.py (pkg/0.1): RUN: git remote add origin "{url}"' in c.out
+
 
 class TestGitCloneWithArgs:
     """ Git cloning passing additional arguments

From 2a870159489b287b1b4bb8b1f1183642ed01d2d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 20:35:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] wip

---
 conan/tools/meson/helpers.py                      | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py                    |  5 +++++
 conans/model/conan_file.py                        |  1 +
 conans/model/conanfile_interface.py               |  4 ++++
 .../toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py       |  2 ++
 5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/meson/helpers.py b/conan/tools/meson/helpers.py
index d0decdf8b1b..ba8e1eb8533 100644
--- a/conan/tools/meson/helpers.py
+++ b/conan/tools/meson/helpers.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from conan.tools.build.flags import cppstd_msvc_flag
 from conans.model.options import _PackageOption
 
-__all__ = ["to_meson_machine", "to_meson_value", "to_cppstd_flag"]
+__all__ = ["to_meson_machine", "to_meson_value", "to_cppstd_flag", "to_cstd_flag"]
 
 # https://mesonbuild.com/Reference-tables.html#operating-system-names
 _meson_system_map = {
@@ -126,3 +126,16 @@ def to_cppstd_flag(compiler, compiler_version, cppstd):
         return 'v%s' % flag if flag else None
     else:
         return _cppstd_map.get(cppstd)
+
+
+def to_cstd_flag(cstd):
+    """ possible values
+    none, c89, c99, c11, c17, c18, c2x, c23, gnu89, gnu99, gnu11, gnu17, gnu18, gnu2x, gnu23
+    """
+    _cstd_map = {
+        '99': "c99",
+        '11': "c11",
+        '17': "c17",
+        '23': "c23",
+    }
+    return _cstd_map.get(cstd, cstd)
diff --git a/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py b/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
index 2e019d88dfe..0ba20b5faf8 100644
--- a/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
+++ b/conan/tools/meson/toolchain.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ class MesonToolchain(object):
     {% if b_ndebug %}b_ndebug = {{b_ndebug}}{% endif %}
     {% if b_staticpic %}b_staticpic = {{b_staticpic}}{% endif %}
     {% if cpp_std %}cpp_std = '{{cpp_std}}' {% endif %}
+    {% if c_std %}c_std = '{{c_std}}' {% endif %}
     {% if backend %}backend = '{{backend}}' {% endif %}
     {% if pkg_config_path %}pkg_config_path = '{{pkg_config_path}}'{% endif %}
     {% if build_pkg_config_path %}build.pkg_config_path = '{{build_pkg_config_path}}'{% endif %}
@@ -138,6 +139,9 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile, backend=None):
         cppstd = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cppstd")
         self._cpp_std = to_cppstd_flag(compiler, compiler_version, cppstd)
 
+        cstd = self._conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
+        self._c_std = to_cstd_flag(cstd)
+
         self._b_vscrt = None
         if compiler in ("msvc", "clang"):
             vscrt = msvc_runtime_flag(self._conanfile)
@@ -433,6 +437,7 @@ def _sanitize_format(v):
             "b_ndebug": to_meson_value(self._b_ndebug),  # boolean as string
             # https://mesonbuild.com/Builtin-options.html#compiler-options
             "cpp_std": self._cpp_std,
+            "c_std": self._c_std,
             "c_args": to_meson_value(self._filter_list_empty_fields(self.c_args)),
             "c_link_args": to_meson_value(self._filter_list_empty_fields(self.c_link_args)),
             "cpp_args": to_meson_value(self._filter_list_empty_fields(self.cpp_args)),
diff --git a/conans/model/conan_file.py b/conans/model/conan_file.py
index 46789591f56..0e16fb8d43e 100644
--- a/conans/model/conan_file.py
+++ b/conans/model/conan_file.py
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ def serialize(self):
         result["version"] = str(self.version) if self.version is not None else None
         result["topics"] = list(self.topics) if self.topics is not None else None
         result["package_type"] = str(self.package_type)
+        result["languages"] = self.languages
 
         settings = self.settings
         if settings is not None:
diff --git a/conans/model/conanfile_interface.py b/conans/model/conanfile_interface.py
index 0ebb1b1ffe2..2130ff85be2 100644
--- a/conans/model/conanfile_interface.py
+++ b/conans/model/conanfile_interface.py
@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ def is_build_context(self):
     def package_type(self):
         return self._conanfile.package_type
 
+    @property
+    def languages(self):
+        return self._conanfile.languages
+
     @property
     def info(self):
         return self._conanfile.info
diff --git a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
index 6ce4b163f13..d2238cd5a7f 100644
--- a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
+++ b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ def test_correct_quotes():
        compiler=gcc
        compiler.version=9
        compiler.cppstd=17
+       compiler.cstd=11
        compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11
        build_type=Release
        """)
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ def test_correct_quotes():
     t.run("install . -pr:h=profile -pr:b=profile")
     content = t.load(MesonToolchain.native_filename)
     assert "cpp_std = 'c++17'" in content
+    assert "c_std = 'c11'" in content
     assert "backend = 'ninja'" in content
     assert "buildtype = 'release'" in content
 

From c6695766398f440b29c2489070b1498140d4d979 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 23:02:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] wip

---
 .../toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py   | 24 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
index d2238cd5a7f..87944f87be4 100644
--- a/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
+++ b/conans/test/integration/toolchains/meson/test_mesontoolchain.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from conan.tools.meson import MesonToolchain
+from conans.test.assets.genconanfile import GenConanfile
 from conans.test.utils.tools import TestClient
 
 
@@ -137,7 +138,6 @@ def test_correct_quotes():
        compiler=gcc
        compiler.version=9
        compiler.cppstd=17
-       compiler.cstd=11
        compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11
        build_type=Release
        """)
@@ -148,6 +148,28 @@ def test_correct_quotes():
     t.run("install . -pr:h=profile -pr:b=profile")
     content = t.load(MesonToolchain.native_filename)
     assert "cpp_std = 'c++17'" in content
+    assert "backend = 'ninja'" in content
+    assert "buildtype = 'release'" in content
+
+
+def test_c_std():
+    profile = textwrap.dedent("""
+       [settings]
+       os=Windows
+       arch=x86_64
+       compiler=gcc
+       compiler.version=9
+       compiler.cstd=11
+       build_type=Release
+       """)
+    t = TestClient()
+    t.save({"conanfile.py": GenConanfile().with_settings("os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch")
+                                          .with_generator("MesonToolchain")
+                                          .with_class_attribute("languages='C'"),
+            "profile": profile})
+
+    t.run("install . -pr:h=profile -pr:b=profile")
+    content = t.load(MesonToolchain.native_filename)
     assert "c_std = 'c11'" in content
     assert "backend = 'ninja'" in content
     assert "buildtype = 'release'" in content

From 0845c1f4b750577ab7f0224ae950b1911d2a39e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 00:49:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] wip

---
 conan/tools/build/flags.py                    | 73 +++++++++++++++++++
 conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py         |  9 ++-
 conan/tools/microsoft/toolchain.py            |  4 +
 conans/client/profile_loader.py               | 31 ++++++++
 .../autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py     | 15 ++++
 .../unittests/tools/microsoft/test_msbuild.py |  5 +-
 6 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/build/flags.py b/conan/tools/build/flags.py
index 7dbb1e06b2f..8b20fed3dfe 100644
--- a/conan/tools/build/flags.py
+++ b/conan/tools/build/flags.py
@@ -482,3 +482,76 @@ def _cppstd_intel_cc(_, cppstd):
             "20": v20, "gnu20": vgnu20,
             "23": v23, "gnu23": vgnu23}.get(cppstd)
     return f'-std={flag}' if flag else None
+
+
+def cstd_flag(conanfile) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns flags specific to the C+standard based on the ``conanfile.settings.compiler``,
+    ``conanfile.settings.compiler.version`` and ``conanfile.settings.compiler.cstd``.
+
+    It also considers when using GNU extension in ``settings.compiler.cstd``, reflecting it in the
+    compiler flag. Currently, it supports GCC, Clang, AppleClang, MSVC, Intel, MCST-LCC.
+
+    In case there is no ``settings.compiler`` or ``settings.cstd`` in the profile, the result will
+    be an **empty string**.
+
+    :param conanfile: The current recipe object. Always use ``self``.
+    :return: ``str`` with the standard C flag used by the compiler.
+    """
+    compiler = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler")
+    compiler_version = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.version")
+    cstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
+
+    if not compiler or not compiler_version or not cstd:
+        return ""
+
+    func = {"gcc": _cstd_gcc,
+            "clang": _cstd_clang,
+            "apple-clang": _cstd_apple_clang,
+            "msvc": _cstd_msvc}.get(compiler)
+    flag = None
+    if func:
+        flag = func(Version(compiler_version), str(cstd))
+    return flag
+
+
+def _cstd_gcc(gcc_version, cstd):
+    # TODO: Verify flags per version
+    flag = {"99": "c99",
+            "11": "c11",
+            "17": "c17",
+            "23": "c23"}.get(cstd, cstd)
+    return f'-std={flag}' if flag else None
+
+
+def _cstd_clang(gcc_version, cstd):
+    # TODO: Verify flags per version
+    flag = {"99": "c99",
+            "11": "c11",
+            "17": "c17",
+            "23": "c23"}.get(cstd, cstd)
+    return f'-std={flag}' if flag else None
+
+
+def _cstd_apple_clang(gcc_version, cstd):
+    # TODO: Verify flags per version
+    flag = {"99": "c99",
+            "11": "c11",
+            "17": "c17",
+            "23": "c23"}.get(cstd, cstd)
+    return f'-std={flag}' if flag else None
+
+
+def cstd_msvc_flag(visual_version, cstd):
+    if cstd == "17":
+        if visual_version >= "192":
+            return "c17"
+    elif cstd == "11":
+        if visual_version >= "192":
+            return "c11"
+    return None
+
+
+def _cstd_msvc(visual_version, cstd):
+    flag = cstd_msvc_flag(visual_version, cstd)
+    return f'/std:{flag}' if flag else None
diff --git a/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py b/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
index c81e70abebc..2dd177a9b83 100644
--- a/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
+++ b/conan/tools/gnu/autotoolstoolchain.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from conan.internal import check_duplicated_generator
 from conan.internal.internal_tools import raise_on_universal_arch
-from conan.tools.apple.apple import apple_min_version_flag, is_apple_os, to_apple_arch, \
-    apple_sdk_path, resolve_apple_flags
+from conan.tools.apple.apple import is_apple_os, resolve_apple_flags
 from conan.tools.build import cmd_args_to_string, save_toolchain_args
 from conan.tools.build.cross_building import cross_building
-from conan.tools.build.flags import architecture_flag, build_type_flags, cppstd_flag, build_type_link_flags, libcxx_flags
+from conan.tools.build.flags import architecture_flag, build_type_flags, cppstd_flag, \
+    build_type_link_flags, libcxx_flags, cstd_flag
 from conan.tools.env import Environment
 from conan.tools.gnu.get_gnu_triplet import _get_gnu_triplet
 from conan.tools.microsoft import VCVars, msvc_runtime_flag, unix_path, check_min_vs, is_msvc
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile, namespace=None, prefix="/"):
         self.build_type_link_flags = build_type_link_flags(self._conanfile.settings)
 
         self.cppstd = cppstd_flag(self._conanfile)
+        self.cstd = cstd_flag(self._conanfile)
         self.arch_flag = architecture_flag(self._conanfile.settings)
         self.libcxx, self.gcc_cxx11_abi = libcxx_flags(self._conanfile)
         self.fpic = self._conanfile.options.get_safe("fPIC")
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ def cxxflags(self):
     @property
     def cflags(self):
         fpic = "-fPIC" if self.fpic else None
-        ret = [self.arch_flag, fpic, self.msvc_runtime_flag, self.sysroot_flag]
+        ret = [self.cstd, self.arch_flag, fpic, self.msvc_runtime_flag, self.sysroot_flag]
         apple_flags = [self.apple_isysroot_flag, self.apple_arch_flag, self.apple_min_version_flag]
         conf_flags = self._conanfile.conf.get("tools.build:cflags", default=[], check_type=list)
         vs_flag = self._add_msvc_flags(self.extra_cflags)
diff --git a/conan/tools/microsoft/toolchain.py b/conan/tools/microsoft/toolchain.py
index e5427001cae..5e33d51030c 100644
--- a/conan/tools/microsoft/toolchain.py
+++ b/conan/tools/microsoft/toolchain.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class MSBuildToolchain(object):
               <PreprocessorDefinitions>{{ defines }}%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
               <AdditionalOptions>{{ compiler_flags }} %(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
               <RuntimeLibrary>{{ runtime_library }}</RuntimeLibrary>
+              {% if cstd %}<LanguageStandard_C>{{ cstd }}</LanguageStandard_C>{% endif %}
               <LanguageStandard>{{ cppstd }}</LanguageStandard>{{ parallel }}{{ compile_options }}
             </ClCompile>
             <Link>
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ def __init__(self, conanfile):
         self.runtime_library = self._runtime_library(conanfile.settings)
         #: cppstd value. By default, ``compiler.cppstd`` one.
         self.cppstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cppstd")
+        self.cstd = conanfile.settings.get_safe("compiler.cstd")
         #: VS IDE Toolset, e.g., ``"v140"``. If ``compiler=msvc``, you can use ``compiler.toolset``
         #: setting, else, it'll be based on ``msvc`` version.
         self.toolset = msvs_toolset(conanfile)
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ def format_macro(key, value):
         self.ldflags.extend(sharedlinkflags + exelinkflags)
 
         cppstd = "stdcpp%s" % self.cppstd if self.cppstd else ""
+        cstd = f"stdc{self.cstd}" if self.cstd else ""
         runtime_library = self.runtime_library
         toolset = self.toolset or ""
         compile_options = self._conanfile.conf.get("tools.microsoft.msbuildtoolchain:compile_options",
@@ -161,6 +164,7 @@ def format_macro(key, value):
             'compiler_flags': " ".join(self.cxxflags + self.cflags),
             'linker_flags': " ".join(self.ldflags),
             "cppstd": cppstd,
+            "cstd": cstd,
             "runtime_library": runtime_library,
             "toolset": toolset,
             "compile_options": compile_options,
diff --git a/conans/client/profile_loader.py b/conans/client/profile_loader.py
index fc83a734416..1f343529464 100644
--- a/conans/client/profile_loader.py
+++ b/conans/client/profile_loader.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def profile_plugin(profile):
             except ConanException:
                 pass
     _check_correct_cppstd(settings)
+    _check_correct_cstd(settings)
 
 def _check_correct_cppstd(settings):
     from conan.tools.scm import Version
@@ -76,6 +77,36 @@ def _error(compiler, cppstd, min_version, version):
                     "14": "190"}.get(cppstd)
         if mver and version < mver:
             _error(compiler, cppstd, mver, version)
+
+
+def _check_correct_cstd(settings):
+    from conan.tools.scm import Version
+    def _error(compiler, cstd, min_version, version):
+        from conan.errors import ConanException
+        raise ConanException(f"The provided compiler.cstd={cstd} requires at least {compiler}"
+                             f">={min_version} but version {version} provided")
+    cstd = settings.get("compiler.cstd")
+    version = settings.get("compiler.version")
+
+    if cstd and version:
+        cstd = cstd.replace("gnu", "")
+        version = Version(version)
+        mver = None
+        compiler = settings.get("compiler")
+        if compiler == "gcc":
+            # TODO: right versions
+            mver = {}.get(cstd)
+        elif compiler == "clang":
+            # TODO: right versions
+            mver = {}.get(cstd)
+        elif compiler == "apple-clang":
+            # TODO: Right versions
+            mver = {}.get(cstd)
+        elif compiler == "msvc":
+            mver = {"17": "192",
+                    "11": "192"}.get(cstd)
+        if mver and version < mver:
+            _error(compiler, cppstd, mver, version)
 """
 
 
diff --git a/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py b/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
index 6c7dd86b207..5917566e304 100644
--- a/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
+++ b/conans/test/unittests/client/toolchain/autotools/autotools_toolchain_test.py
@@ -130,6 +130,21 @@ def test_cppstd():
     assert "/std:c++17" in env["CXXFLAGS"]
 
 
+def test_cstd():
+    conanfile = ConanFileMock()
+    conanfile.settings = MockSettings(
+        {"build_type": "Release",
+         "arch": "x86",
+         "compiler": "gcc",
+         "compiler.libcxx": "libstdc++11",
+         "compiler.version": "7.1",
+         "compiler.cstd": "17"})
+    conanfile.settings_build = MockSettings({"os": "Linux", "arch": "x86"})
+    be = AutotoolsToolchain(conanfile)
+    env = be.vars()
+    assert "-std=c17" in env["CFLAGS"]
+
+
 def test_fpic():
     conanfile = ConanFileMock()
     conanfile.settings = MockSettings({"os": "Linux"})
diff --git a/conans/test/unittests/tools/microsoft/test_msbuild.py b/conans/test/unittests/tools/microsoft/test_msbuild.py
index 58e3285a6ec..e1d8429c5c5 100644
--- a/conans/test/unittests/tools/microsoft/test_msbuild.py
+++ b/conans/test/unittests/tools/microsoft/test_msbuild.py
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ def test_msbuild_standard():
     conanfile.conf.define("tools.microsoft.msbuild:installation_path", ".")
     conanfile.settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
     conanfile.settings = Settings({"build_type": ["Release"],
-                                   "compiler": {"msvc": {"version": ["193"], "cppstd": ["20"]}},
+                                   "compiler": {"msvc": {"version": ["193"], "cppstd": ["20"],
+                                                         "cstd": ["17"]}},
                                    "os": ["Windows"],
                                    "arch": ["x86_64"]})
     conanfile.settings_build = conanfile.settings
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ def test_msbuild_standard():
     conanfile.settings.compiler = "msvc"
     conanfile.settings.compiler.version = "193"
     conanfile.settings.compiler.cppstd = "20"
+    conanfile.settings.compiler.cstd = "17"
     conanfile.settings.os = "Windows"
     conanfile.settings.arch = "x86_64"
 
@@ -119,6 +121,7 @@ def test_msbuild_standard():
     props_file = os.path.join(test_folder, 'conantoolchain_release_x64.props')
     msbuild.generate()
     assert '<LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>' in load(props_file)
+    assert '<LanguageStandard_C>stdc17</LanguageStandard_C>' in load(props_file)
 
 
 def test_resource_compile():

From 846d78bf178aced568dc857c63f8f00a28f40df8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: memsharded <james@conan.io>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 23:35:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] fix

---
 conans/test/integration/command_v2/test_inspect.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/conans/test/integration/command_v2/test_inspect.py b/conans/test/integration/command_v2/test_inspect.py
index 2f186decdc5..b6aa3dfbd78 100644
--- a/conans/test/integration/command_v2/test_inspect.py
+++ b/conans/test/integration/command_v2/test_inspect.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ def test_basic_inspect():
                      '    shared: False',
                      'generators: []',
                      'label: ',
+                     'languages: []',
                      'name: foo',
                      'options:',
                      '    shared: False',
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ def test_normal_inspect():
                                    'generators: []',
                                    'homepage: <Your project homepage goes here>',
                                    'label: ',
+                                   'languages: []',
                                    'license: <Your project license goes here>',
                                    'name: pkg',
                                    'options:',
@@ -126,6 +128,7 @@ class Pkg(ConanFile):
     tc.run("inspect .")
     assert ['generators: []',
             'label: ',
+            'languages: []',
             "license: ['MIT', 'Apache']",
             'options:',
             'options_definitions:',

From 28e309ece7b5d5dced4088bf6ef1e3f60794e5e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 16:01:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Update conan/tools/build/cstd.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Rubén Rincón Blanco <git@rinconblanco.es>
---
 conan/tools/build/cstd.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
index 346707129bd..1c70ca14cd2 100644
--- a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
+++ b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
@@ -151,7 +151,12 @@ def _apple_clang_supported_cstd(version):
 
 
 def _gcc_supported_cstd(version):
-    # TODO: Per-version support
+    if version < "4.7":
+        return ["99", "gnu99"]
+    if version < "8":
+        return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11"]
+    if version < "14":
+        return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17"]
     return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17", "23", "gnu23"]
 
 

From fe8318da8b7236ccc6aab8ec9ae4738e5a430fda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 16:01:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Update conan/tools/build/cstd.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Rubén Rincón Blanco <git@rinconblanco.es>
---
 conan/tools/build/cstd.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
index 1c70ca14cd2..fb47987d228 100644
--- a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
+++ b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
@@ -166,5 +166,10 @@ def _msvc_supported_cstd(version):
 
 
 def _clang_supported_cstd(version):
-    # TODO: Per-version support
+    if version < "3":
+        return ["99", "gnu99"]
+    if version < "6":
+        return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11"]
+    if version < "18":
+        return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17"]
     return ["99", "gnu99", "11", "gnu11", "17", "gnu17", "23", "gnu23"]

From 6c3a5b951b94e74b9cfbff5057d4d9f6a07b8568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <james@conan.io>
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 16:01:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] Update conan/tools/build/cstd.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Rubén Rincón Blanco <git@rinconblanco.es>
---
 conan/tools/build/cstd.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
index fb47987d228..2d69eaba97d 100644
--- a/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
+++ b/conan/tools/build/cstd.py
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ def _gcc_supported_cstd(version):
 
 
 def _msvc_supported_cstd(version):
-    # TODO: Per-version support
+    if version < "192":
+        return []
     return ["11", "17"]