sql: transaction ID cache

[Azhng]

We would like to have a mechanism to translate Transaction ID (UUID) to Transaction Fingerprint ID. This would would allow us to correlate contention events to the historical transaction statistics.

Original RFC: https://github.com/Azhng/cockroach/blob/rfc-ces/docs/RFCS/20211013_contentions.md#performance-consideration

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[Azhng]

Closed by #74115