Add a debug command to introspect intents and transactions in storage

[aliher1911]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
When debugging database files from production system in context of #60585 it is necessary to extract data about abandoned or active intents and correlate them to abandoned and active transactions. Extracting this from existing commands is very compute intensive and hard to make for many nodes.

Describe the solution you'd like
By adding specific filters to debug keys command or providing a separate debug command we could make investigation process more effective.

Describe alternatives you've considered
Parsing through output of keys or range-data is too slow.

[aliher1911]

cc @erikgrinaker