A pure-JavaScript async/await indexed, persistant database.

What	Where
Discussion	#1
Documentation	https://bigeasy.github.io/memento
Source	https://github.com/bigeasy/memento
Issues	https://github.com/bigeasy/memento/issues
CI	https://travis-ci.org/bigeasy/memento
Coverage:	https://codecov.io/gh/bigeasy/memento
License:	MIT

Memento installs from NPM.

npm install memento

Memento is a database that supports atomic, isolated transactions, written to a write-ahead log and synced for durability in the event of system crash, and merged into b-trees for fast retrieval. It reads from an in memory page cache and evicts pages from the cache when they reach a user specified memory limit.

Memento is written in pure JavaScript.

Memento provides a contemporary async/await interface.

This README.md is also a unit test using the Proof unit test framework. We'll use the Proof okay function to assert out statements in the readme. A Proof unit test generally looks like this.

require('proof')(4, async okay => {
    okay('always okay')
    okay(true, 'okay if true')
    okay(1, 1, 'okay if equal')
    okay({ value: 1 }, { value: 1 }, 'okay if deep strict equal')
})

You can run this unit test yourself to see the output from the various code sections of the readme.

git clone [email protected]:bigeasy/memento.git
cd memento
npm install --no-package-lock --no-save
node test/readme.t.js

The 'memento' module exports a single Memento object.

const Memento = require('memento')

We create a database object with the static async Memento.open function. It returns an open database ready for use.

The first argument to async Memento.open() is an options object.

The second argument is an async database upgrade function. You are only able to create new stores and indices in the update function. Once the database is open you're not allowed to make any schema changes.

const directory = path.resolve(__dirname, './tmp/readme')
const memento = await Memento.open({ directory }, async schema => {
    switch (schema.version.current + 1) {
    case 1:
        await schema.create('president', { lastName: String, firstName: String })
    }
})

In order to add or remove data from the database you invoke memento.mutator() with an async mutation callback function. The mutation function will be called with a Mutator object.

The mutator function represents an atomic transaction against the database. Changes made within the function are only visible within the function. They only become visible outside of the function when the function returns successfully.

If the function raises and exception, the changes are rolled back.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA' })
    const got = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Washington', 'George' ])
    okay(got, {
        firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA'
    }, 'isolated view of inserted record')
})

You'll notice that the mutator.set() method is a synchronous function. This is because we want inserts and deletes to be fast. Rather than performing asynchronous file operations for each insert and delete, we cache the changes in memory and write them out in batches.

The mutator.get() method on the other hand is an async function. We have to go and check the database to see if the value is there and compare it with our write cache. Checking the database may require a read operation, or it may not, depending on the database cache.

So, mutator.set() ought to be pretty quick, making batch inserts relatively painless. async mutator.get() not so quick because it has to go out through the Promises event loop.

We'll make up for this discrepancy when we look at ranged queries, iterators, and joins.

Note that the Snapshot object is only valid during the invocation of the snapshot callback function. If you attempt to save it and use later you will get undefined behavior. Currently, there are no assertions to keep you from doing this, just don't do it.

let evilMutator
await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    evilMutator = mutator
})
// No!
evilMutator.set('president', { firstName: 'John', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'VA' })

When we only want to read the database we use a mutator.snapshot() with an async snapshot callback function. The snapshot function will be called with a Snapshot object.

Use the Snapshot, the snapshot function can perform read-only requests on the database. The Snapshot will have a point in time view of the database. Any changes made by mutators that commit after the snapshot callback function begins will not be visible to the snapshot function.

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const got = await snapshot.get('president', [ 'Washington', 'George' ])
    okay(got, {
        firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA'
    }, 'snapshot view of inserted record')
})

When you are done with Memento you close it.

await memento.close()

Create, Retrieve, Update and Delete

Let's create a database.

Insert is done with set.

We're going to reopen the database. Usually you'll only have one spot in your program where you open your database and it will have a schema function that builds or migrates the database. In our example we are reopening an existing database that has already been built to the schema function should not be called. In our test here, we're going to assert that it is not called with an exception.

const directory = path.resolve(__dirname, './tmp/readme')
const memento = await Memento.open({ directory }, async schema => {
    throw new Error('should not be called')
})

We use set to insert or update a record into the database. We use get to get a single record out of the database.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'Jack', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'NY' })
    const get = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    okay(get, { firstName: 'Jack', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'NY' }, 'isolated retrieve')
})

Once the mutator is complete other snapshots and mutators will see the written record.

await memento.snapshot(async mutator => {
    const get = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    okay(get, { firstName: 'Jack', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'NY' }, 'snapshot retrieve')
})

We update records using set as well. Let's fix the home state of John Adams.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'Jack', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA' })
    const get = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    okay(get, { firstName: 'Jack', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA' }, 'retrieve')
})

Note that we can't change the name of one of our presidents because we are using last name and first name as the key. You would have to delete and insert.

Let's delete "Jack Adams".

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.unset('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    const get = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    okay(get, null, 'deleted')
})

Still removed when we search in a subsequent snapshot.

await memento.snapshot(async mutator => {
    const get = await mutator.get('president', [ 'Adams', 'Jack' ])
    okay(get, null, 'deleted')
})

Let's insert John Adams.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { lastName: 'Adams', firstName: 'John', state: 'MA' })
})

Close the database.

await memento.close()

Stores and Indices

Index example.

const directory = path.resolve(__dirname, './tmp/readme')
const memento = await Memento.open({ directory, version: 2 }, async schema => {
    switch (schema.version.current + 1) {
    case 1:
        await schema.create('president', { lastName: String, firstName: String })
    case 2:
        await schema.create([ 'president', 'state' ], { state: String })
    }
})

We can use our index immediately after creating it.

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const got = await snapshot.get([ 'president', 'state' ], [ 'MA' ])
    okay(got, { firstName: 'John', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA' }, 'get by index')
})

When you get by an index the index can match multiple records. The first one is returned.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'Thomas', lastName: 'Jefferson', state: 'VA' })
    const got = await mutator.get([ 'president', 'state' ], [ 'VA' ])
    okay(got, { firstName: 'Thomas', lastName: 'Jefferson', state: 'VA' }, 'get first by index')
})

TODO Make a point of closing here and opening in the next section.

Cursors and Iteration

So far we've only seen get which returns a single entry.

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const gathered = []
    for await (const presidents of snapshot.cursor('president')) {
        for (const president of presidents) {
            gathered.push(president)
        }
    }
    okay(gathered, [{
        firstName: 'John', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA'
    }, {
        firstName: 'Thomas', lastName: 'Jefferson', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA'
    }], 'cursor')
})

Let's add some more presidents for the sake of the index search.

await memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'James', lastName: 'Monroe', state: 'VA' })
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'John Quincy', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA' })
})

Iterating over an index.

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const gathered = []
    for await (const presidents of snapshot.cursor([ 'president', 'state' ], [ 'VA' ])) {
        for (const president of presidents) {
            gathered.push(president)
        }
    }
    okay(gathered, [{
        firstName: 'Thomas', lastName: 'Jefferson', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        firstName: 'James', lastName: 'Monroe', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA'
    }], 'cursor')
})

Reversing an index.

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const gathered = []
    for await (const presidents of snapshot.cursor([ 'president', 'state' ], [ 'MA' ]).reverse()) {
        for (const president of presidents) {
            gathered.push(president)
        }
    }
    okay(gathered, [{
        firstName: 'John Quincy', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA'
    }, {
        firstName: 'John', lastName: 'Adams', state: 'MA'
    }], 'cursor')
})

We'll shutdown the database before moving onto isolation with snapshots and mutators.

await memento.close()

Snapshots versus Mutators

You use mutators to change data. None of the changes made by the mutator are visible to any of the other snapshots or mutators until the mutator returns.

Let's reopen the database. In our program we'll have a single open stanza for a database so we'll repeat the schema update block here.

TODO Maybe have an openVersion1 and openVersion2 function example.

const directory = path.resolve(__dirname, './tmp/readme')
const memento = await Memento.open({ directory, version: 2 }, async schema => {
    switch (schema.version.current + 1) {
    case 1:
        await schema.create('president', { lastName: String, firstName: String })
    case 2:
        await schema.create([ 'president', 'state' ], { state: String })
    }
})

const resolves = {}

const promises = {
    wrote: new Promise(resolve => resolves.wrote = resolve),
    reading: new Promise(resolve => resolves.reading = resolve)
}

const promise = memento.mutator(async mutator => {
    await promises.reading
    mutator.set('president', { firstName: 'Andrew', lastName: 'Jackson', state: 'SC' })
    resolves.wrote()
})

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    resolves.reading()
    await promises.wrote
    okay(await snapshot.get('president', [ 'Jackson', 'Andrew' ]), null, 'isolated write not visible')
})

TODO Show that we can now do a snapshot and Andrew Jackson is present.

We'll close the database before moving onto inner and outer joins.

await memento.close()

Inner and Outer Joins

const directory = path.resolve(__dirname, './tmp/readme')
const memento = await Memento.open({ directory, version: 3 }, async schema => {
    switch (schema.version.current + 1) {
    case 1:
        await schema.create('president', { lastName: String, firstName: String })
    case 2:
        await schema.create([ 'president', 'state' ], { state: String })
    case 3:
        await schema.create('state', { code: String })
        schema.set('state', { code: 'MA', name: 'Massachusettes' })
        schema.set('state', { code: 'NY', name: 'New York' })
        schema.set('state', { code: 'SC', name: 'South Carolina' })
        schema.set('state', { code: 'VA', name: 'Virginia' })
    }
})

await memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {
    const join = snapshot.cursor('president', [ 'Jackson', 'Andrew' ]).join('state', $ => [ $[0].state ])
    const gathered = []
    for await (const items of join) {
        for (const item of items) {
            gathered.push(item)
        }
    }
    okay(gathered, [[{
        firstName: 'Andrew', lastName: 'Jackson', state: 'SC'
    }, {
        code: 'SC', name: 'South Carolina'
    }], [{
        firstName: 'Thomas', lastName: 'Jefferson', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        code: 'VA', name: 'Virginia'
    }], [{
        firstName: 'James', lastName: 'Monroe', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        code: 'VA', name: 'Virginia'
    }], [{
        firstName: 'George', lastName: 'Washington', state: 'VA'
    }, {
        code: 'VA', name: 'Virginia'
    }]], 'inner join')
})

We'll close the database before moving onto migrations.

await memento.close()

Migrations

API

memento = Memento.open(options, async upgrade => {})

• options
  • destructible — Optional instance of Destructible for structured concurrency management of the Memento instance.
  • turnstile — Optional Turnstile to manage parallel writes to file system.
  • directory — Directory in which to store data files.
  • version — Migration version.
  • comparisons — Optional of one or more comparision functions to use for collation.
• upgrade —

memento.snapshot(async snapshot => {})

memento.mutator(async mutator => {})