diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpression.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpression.php
index 70721b15576..150387d433b 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpression.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpression.php
@@ -44,11 +44,21 @@ class CompositeExpression implements Countable
      * @param string          $type  Instance type of composite expression.
      * @param self[]|string[] $parts Composition of expressions to be joined on composite expression.
      */
-    public function __construct($type, array $parts = [])
+    public function __construct($type, array $parts = [], bool $internalFlagCalledByFactory = false)
     {
         $this->type = $type;
 
         $this->addMultiple($parts);
+
+        if ($internalFlagCalledByFactory) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Deprecation::trigger(
+            'doctrine/dbal',
+            'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/3864',
+            'Do not use CompositeExpression constructor directly, use static and() and or() factory methods.'
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,7 +67,7 @@ public function __construct($type, array $parts = [])
      */
     public static function and($part, ...$parts): self
     {
-        return new self(self::TYPE_AND, array_merge([$part], $parts));
+        return new self(self::TYPE_AND, array_merge([$part], $parts), true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -66,7 +76,7 @@ public static function and($part, ...$parts): self
      */
     public static function or($part, ...$parts): self
     {
-        return new self(self::TYPE_OR, array_merge([$part], $parts));
+        return new self(self::TYPE_OR, array_merge([$part], $parts), true);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpressionTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpressionTest.php
index c1daefa4d35..eccd555351c 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpressionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/Expression/CompositeExpressionTest.php
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Query\Expression;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\CompositeExpression;
+use Doctrine\Deprecations\PHPUnit\VerifyDeprecations;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DbalTestCase;
 
 class CompositeExpressionTest extends DbalTestCase
 {
+    use VerifyDeprecations;
+
     public function testCount(): void
     {
         $expr = CompositeExpression::or('u.group_id = 1');
@@ -20,6 +23,8 @@ public function testCount(): void
 
     public function testAdd(): void
     {
+        $this->expectDeprecationWithIdentifier('https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/3864');
+
         $expr = CompositeExpression::or('u.group_id = 1');
 
         self::assertCount(1, $expr);
@@ -68,6 +73,8 @@ public function testWith(): void
      */
     public function testCompositeUsageAndGeneration(string $type, array $parts, string $expects): void
     {
+        $this->expectDeprecationWithIdentifier('https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/3864');
+
         $expr = new CompositeExpression($type, $parts);
 
         self::assertEquals($expects, (string) $expr);