diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunctionTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunctionTest.java
index 3ece85c099b30a..20a299f6ae0bd7 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunctionTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleFileFunctionTest.java
@@ -1776,4 +1776,40 @@ public void testSingleVersionOverridePatches() throws Exception {
             "ccc",
             InterimModule.DepSpec.fromModuleKey(ModuleKey.create("ccc", Version.parse("2.0"))));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSingleVersionOverridePatches_failsOnRename() throws Exception {
+    FakeRegistry registry = registryFactory.newFakeRegistry("/foo");
+    ModuleFileFunction.REGISTRIES.set(differencer, ImmutableSet.of(registry.getUrl()));
+    ModuleKey bbb = createModuleKey("bbb", "1.0");
+    registry.addModule(bbb, "module(name='bbb',version='1.0')");
+
+    scratch.file("BUILD");
+    scratch.file(
+        "patch.diff",
+        """
+        diff --git a/MODULE.bazel b/MODULE.bazel.bak
+        similarity index 55%
+        rename from MODULE.bazel
+        rename to MODULE.bazel.bak
+        index 3f855b5..949dd15 100644
+        """);
+
+    var moduleFileKey =
+        ModuleFileValue.key(
+            bbb,
+            SingleVersionOverride.create(
+                Version.EMPTY,
+                "",
+                ImmutableList.of(Label.parseCanonicalUnchecked("//:patch.diff")),
+                ImmutableList.of(),
+                1));
+    EvaluationResult<ModuleFileValue> result =
+        evaluator.evaluate(ImmutableList.of(moduleFileKey), evaluationContext);
+    assertThat(result.hasError()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(result.getError().getException())
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "error applying single_version_override patch /workspace/patch.diff to module file: Renaming is not supported when applying a patch to the single file /module/MODULE.bazel.");
+  }
 }