diff --git a/crates/ruff_server/src/fix.rs b/crates/ruff_server/src/fix.rs
index 04762b86f8ee6..03dcc2980c52d 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_server/src/fix.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_server/src/fix.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub(crate) fn fix_all(
         result: LinterResult { error, .. },
         ..
     } = ruff_linter::linter::lint_fix(
-        query.virtual_file_path(),
+        &query.virtual_file_path(),
         package,
         flags::Noqa::Enabled,
         UnsafeFixes::Disabled,
diff --git a/crates/ruff_server/src/lint.rs b/crates/ruff_server/src/lint.rs
index de6340d7f0453..fc6088232cc81 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_server/src/lint.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_server/src/lint.rs
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check(query: &DocumentQuery, encoding: PositionEncoding) -> Diagno
 
     // Generate checks.
     let LinterResult { data, .. } = check_path(
-        query.virtual_file_path(),
+        &query.virtual_file_path(),
         package,
         &locator,
         &stylist,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check(query: &DocumentQuery, encoding: PositionEncoding) -> Diagno
     );
 
     let noqa_edits = generate_noqa_edits(
-        query.virtual_file_path(),
+        &query.virtual_file_path(),
         data.as_slice(),
         &locator,
         parsed.comment_ranges(),
diff --git a/crates/ruff_server/src/session/index.rs b/crates/ruff_server/src/session/index.rs
index 27a7bedc2524c..2b68e282d3558 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_server/src/session/index.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_server/src/session/index.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use lsp_types::Url;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+
+pub(crate) use ruff_settings::RuffSettings;
 
 use crate::{
     edit::{DocumentKey, DocumentVersion, NotebookDocument},
@@ -13,8 +17,6 @@ use super::{settings::ResolvedClientSettings, ClientSettings};
 
 mod ruff_settings;
 
-pub(crate) use ruff_settings::RuffSettings;
-
 type SettingsIndex = BTreeMap<PathBuf, WorkspaceSettings>;
 
 /// Stores and tracks all open documents in a session, along with their associated settings.
@@ -544,8 +546,10 @@ impl DocumentQuery {
     /// Get the path for the document selected by this query, ignoring whether the file exists on disk.
     ///
     /// Returns the URL's path if this is an unsaved (untitled) document.
-    pub(crate) fn virtual_file_path(&self) -> &Path {
-        Path::new(self.file_url().path())
+    pub(crate) fn virtual_file_path(&self) -> Cow<Path> {
+        self.file_path()
+            .map(Cow::Owned)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Cow::Borrowed(Path::new(self.file_url().path())))
     }
 
     /// Attempt to access the single inner text document selected by the query.