diff --git a/examples/federation-example/package.json b/examples/federation-example/package.json
index 9b166ce187b57..0b160660bb82e 100644
--- a/examples/federation-example/package.json
+++ b/examples/federation-example/package.json
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "apollo-server": "3.11.1",
+    "apollo-server-caching": "3.3.0",
     "concurrently": "7.6.0",
     "delay-cli": "2.0.0",
     "jest": "29.4.2",
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/index.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/index.ts
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7700b7ee63a0a..21bbd774848c5
--- a/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/index.ts
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/index.ts
@@ -1,58 +1,6 @@
-import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
+import { accountsServer } from './server';
 
-const typeDefs = gql`
-  type Query {
-    me: User
-    user(id: ID!): User
-    users: [User]
-  }
-
-  type User {
-    id: ID!
-    name: String
-    username: String
-  }
-`;
-
-const resolvers = {
-  Query: {
-    me(_root, _args, context) {
-      return context.users[0];
-    },
-    users(_root, _args, context) {
-      return context.users;
-    },
-    user(_root, args, context) {
-      return context.users.find(user => user.id === args.id);
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-const server = new ApolloServer({
-  typeDefs,
-  resolvers,
-  context: {
-    users: [
-      {
-        id: '1',
-        name: 'Ada Lovelace',
-        birthDate: '1815-12-10',
-        username: '@ada',
-      },
-      {
-        id: '2',
-        name: 'Alan Turing',
-        birthDate: '1912-06-23',
-        username: '@complete',
-      },
-    ],
-  },
+accountsServer().catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(1);
 });
-
-export const accountsServer = () =>
-  server.listen({ port: 9871 }).then(({ url }) => {
-    if (!process.env.CI) {
-      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
-    }
-    return server;
-  });
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/server.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/server.ts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..7700b7ee63a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/accounts/server.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
+
+const typeDefs = gql`
+  type Query {
+    me: User
+    user(id: ID!): User
+    users: [User]
+  }
+
+  type User {
+    id: ID!
+    name: String
+    username: String
+  }
+`;
+
+const resolvers = {
+  Query: {
+    me(_root, _args, context) {
+      return context.users[0];
+    },
+    users(_root, _args, context) {
+      return context.users;
+    },
+    user(_root, args, context) {
+      return context.users.find(user => user.id === args.id);
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  typeDefs,
+  resolvers,
+  context: {
+    users: [
+      {
+        id: '1',
+        name: 'Ada Lovelace',
+        birthDate: '1815-12-10',
+        username: '@ada',
+      },
+      {
+        id: '2',
+        name: 'Alan Turing',
+        birthDate: '1912-06-23',
+        username: '@complete',
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+});
+
+export const accountsServer = () =>
+  server.listen({ port: 9871 }).then(({ url }) => {
+    if (!process.env.CI) {
+      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
+    }
+    return server;
+  });
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/index.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/index.ts
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 34e2e5cfbb7b3..e2baee7b35f0c
--- a/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/index.ts
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/index.ts
@@ -1,52 +1,6 @@
-import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
-import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+import { inventoryServer } from './server';
 
-const typeDefs = gql`
-  extend type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
-    upc: String! @external
-    weight: Int @external
-    price: Int @external
-    inStock: Boolean
-    shippingEstimate: Int @requires(fields: "price weight")
-  }
-`;
-
-const resolvers = {
-  Product: {
-    __resolveReference(object) {
-      return {
-        ...object,
-        ...inventory.find(product => product.upc === object.upc),
-      };
-    },
-    shippingEstimate(object) {
-      // free for expensive items
-      if (object.price > 1000) return 0;
-      // estimate is based on weight
-      return object.weight * 0.5;
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-const server = new ApolloServer({
-  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
-    {
-      typeDefs,
-      resolvers,
-    },
-  ]),
+inventoryServer().catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(1);
 });
-
-export const inventoryServer = () =>
-  server.listen({ port: 9872 }).then(({ url }) => {
-    if (!process.env.CI) {
-      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
-    }
-    return server;
-  });
-
-const inventory = [
-  { upc: '1', inStock: true },
-  { upc: '2', inStock: false },
-  { upc: '3', inStock: true },
-];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/server.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/server.ts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..34e2e5cfbb7b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/inventory/server.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
+import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+
+const typeDefs = gql`
+  extend type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
+    upc: String! @external
+    weight: Int @external
+    price: Int @external
+    inStock: Boolean
+    shippingEstimate: Int @requires(fields: "price weight")
+  }
+`;
+
+const resolvers = {
+  Product: {
+    __resolveReference(object) {
+      return {
+        ...object,
+        ...inventory.find(product => product.upc === object.upc),
+      };
+    },
+    shippingEstimate(object) {
+      // free for expensive items
+      if (object.price > 1000) return 0;
+      // estimate is based on weight
+      return object.weight * 0.5;
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
+    {
+      typeDefs,
+      resolvers,
+    },
+  ]),
+});
+
+export const inventoryServer = () =>
+  server.listen({ port: 9872 }).then(({ url }) => {
+    if (!process.env.CI) {
+      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
+    }
+    return server;
+  });
+
+const inventory = [
+  { upc: '1', inStock: true },
+  { upc: '2', inStock: false },
+  { upc: '3', inStock: true },
+];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/products/index.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/products/index.ts
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 362f54564bdb8..1e31cf916ef26
--- a/examples/federation-example/services/products/index.ts
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/products/index.ts
@@ -1,69 +1,6 @@
-import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
-import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+import { productsServer } from './server';
 
-const typeDefs = gql`
-  extend type Query {
-    topProducts(first: Int = 5): [Product]
-  }
-
-  type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
-    upc: String!
-    name: String
-    price: Int
-    weight: Int
-  }
-`;
-
-const resolvers = {
-  Product: {
-    __resolveReference(object) {
-      return {
-        ...object,
-        ...products.find(product => product.upc === object.upc),
-      };
-    },
-  },
-  Query: {
-    topProducts(_, args) {
-      return products.slice(0, args.first);
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-const server = new ApolloServer({
-  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
-    {
-      typeDefs,
-      resolvers,
-    },
-  ]),
+productsServer().catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(1);
 });
-
-export const productsServer = () =>
-  server.listen({ port: 9873 }).then(({ url }) => {
-    if (!process.env.CI) {
-      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
-    }
-    return server;
-  });
-
-const products = [
-  {
-    upc: '1',
-    name: 'Table',
-    price: 899,
-    weight: 100,
-  },
-  {
-    upc: '2',
-    name: 'Couch',
-    price: 1299,
-    weight: 1000,
-  },
-  {
-    upc: '3',
-    name: 'Chair',
-    price: 54,
-    weight: 50,
-  },
-];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/products/server.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/products/server.ts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..362f54564bdb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/products/server.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
+import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+
+const typeDefs = gql`
+  extend type Query {
+    topProducts(first: Int = 5): [Product]
+  }
+
+  type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
+    upc: String!
+    name: String
+    price: Int
+    weight: Int
+  }
+`;
+
+const resolvers = {
+  Product: {
+    __resolveReference(object) {
+      return {
+        ...object,
+        ...products.find(product => product.upc === object.upc),
+      };
+    },
+  },
+  Query: {
+    topProducts(_, args) {
+      return products.slice(0, args.first);
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
+    {
+      typeDefs,
+      resolvers,
+    },
+  ]),
+});
+
+export const productsServer = () =>
+  server.listen({ port: 9873 }).then(({ url }) => {
+    if (!process.env.CI) {
+      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
+    }
+    return server;
+  });
+
+const products = [
+  {
+    upc: '1',
+    name: 'Table',
+    price: 899,
+    weight: 100,
+  },
+  {
+    upc: '2',
+    name: 'Couch',
+    price: 1299,
+    weight: 1000,
+  },
+  {
+    upc: '3',
+    name: 'Chair',
+    price: 54,
+    weight: 50,
+  },
+];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/index.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/index.ts
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ef2bdab422b4c..8af21f1e02047
--- a/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/index.ts
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/index.ts
@@ -1,95 +1,6 @@
-import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
-import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+import { reviewsServer } from './server';
 
-const typeDefs = gql`
-  type Review @key(fields: "id") {
-    id: ID!
-    body: String
-    author: User @provides(fields: "username")
-    product: Product
-  }
-
-  extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
-    id: ID! @external
-    username: String @external
-    reviews: [Review]
-  }
-
-  extend type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
-    upc: String! @external
-    reviews: [Review]
-  }
-`;
-
-const resolvers = {
-  Review: {
-    author(review) {
-      return { __typename: 'User', id: review.authorID };
-    },
-  },
-  User: {
-    reviews(user) {
-      return reviews.filter(review => review.authorID === user.id);
-    },
-    numberOfReviews(user) {
-      return reviews.filter(review => review.authorID === user.id).length;
-    },
-    username(user) {
-      const found = usernames.find(username => username.id === user.id);
-      return found ? found.username : null;
-    },
-  },
-  Product: {
-    reviews(product) {
-      return reviews.filter(review => review.product.upc === product.upc);
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-const server = new ApolloServer({
-  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
-    {
-      typeDefs,
-      resolvers,
-    },
-  ]),
+reviewsServer().catch(error => {
+  console.error(error);
+  process.exit(1);
 });
-
-export const reviewsServer = () =>
-  server.listen({ port: 9874 }).then(({ url }) => {
-    if (!process.env.CI) {
-      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
-    }
-    return server;
-  });
-
-const usernames = [
-  { id: '1', username: '@ada' },
-  { id: '2', username: '@complete' },
-];
-const reviews = [
-  {
-    id: '1',
-    authorID: '1',
-    product: { upc: '1' },
-    body: 'Love it!',
-  },
-  {
-    id: '2',
-    authorID: '1',
-    product: { upc: '2' },
-    body: 'Too expensive.',
-  },
-  {
-    id: '3',
-    authorID: '2',
-    product: { upc: '3' },
-    body: 'Could be better.',
-  },
-  {
-    id: '4',
-    authorID: '2',
-    product: { upc: '1' },
-    body: 'Prefer something else.',
-  },
-];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/server.ts b/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/server.ts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..ef2bdab422b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/federation-example/services/reviews/server.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { ApolloServer, gql } from 'apollo-server';
+import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+
+const typeDefs = gql`
+  type Review @key(fields: "id") {
+    id: ID!
+    body: String
+    author: User @provides(fields: "username")
+    product: Product
+  }
+
+  extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
+    id: ID! @external
+    username: String @external
+    reviews: [Review]
+  }
+
+  extend type Product @key(fields: "upc") {
+    upc: String! @external
+    reviews: [Review]
+  }
+`;
+
+const resolvers = {
+  Review: {
+    author(review) {
+      return { __typename: 'User', id: review.authorID };
+    },
+  },
+  User: {
+    reviews(user) {
+      return reviews.filter(review => review.authorID === user.id);
+    },
+    numberOfReviews(user) {
+      return reviews.filter(review => review.authorID === user.id).length;
+    },
+    username(user) {
+      const found = usernames.find(username => username.id === user.id);
+      return found ? found.username : null;
+    },
+  },
+  Product: {
+    reviews(product) {
+      return reviews.filter(review => review.product.upc === product.upc);
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([
+    {
+      typeDefs,
+      resolvers,
+    },
+  ]),
+});
+
+export const reviewsServer = () =>
+  server.listen({ port: 9874 }).then(({ url }) => {
+    if (!process.env.CI) {
+      console.log(`🚀 Server ready at ${url}`);
+    }
+    return server;
+  });
+
+const usernames = [
+  { id: '1', username: '@ada' },
+  { id: '2', username: '@complete' },
+];
+const reviews = [
+  {
+    id: '1',
+    authorID: '1',
+    product: { upc: '1' },
+    body: 'Love it!',
+  },
+  {
+    id: '2',
+    authorID: '1',
+    product: { upc: '2' },
+    body: 'Too expensive.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: '3',
+    authorID: '2',
+    product: { upc: '3' },
+    body: 'Could be better.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: '4',
+    authorID: '2',
+    product: { upc: '1' },
+    body: 'Prefer something else.',
+  },
+];
diff --git a/examples/federation-example/tests/federation-example.test.ts b/examples/federation-example/tests/federation-example.test.ts
index 54b63ae40f61d..fb9982597f63a 100644
--- a/examples/federation-example/tests/federation-example.test.ts
+++ b/examples/federation-example/tests/federation-example.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-import { findAndParseConfig } from '@graphql-mesh/cli';
-import { MeshInstance, getMesh } from '@graphql-mesh/runtime';
-import { join } from 'path';
-import { accountsServer } from '../services/accounts';
-import { inventoryServer } from '../services/inventory';
-import { productsServer } from '../services/products';
-import { reviewsServer } from '../services/reviews';
-import { ApolloServer } from 'apollo-server';
-
 import { mkdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { join } from 'path';
+import { findAndParseConfig } from '@graphql-mesh/cli';
+import { getMesh, MeshInstance } from '@graphql-mesh/runtime';
+import { accountsServer } from '../services/accounts/server';
+import { inventoryServer } from '../services/inventory/server';
+import { productsServer } from '../services/products/server';
+import { reviewsServer } from '../services/reviews/server';
 
 const problematicModulePath = join(__dirname, '../../../node_modules/core-js/features/array');
 const emptyModuleContent = 'module.exports = {};';
@@ -20,8 +18,10 @@ writeFileSync(join(problematicModulePath, './flat.js'), emptyModuleContent);
 writeFileSync(join(problematicModulePath, './flat-map.js'), emptyModuleContent);
 
 describe('Federation Example', () => {
-  let mesh;
-  let servicesToStop: Array<ApolloServer> = [];
+  let mesh: MeshInstance;
+  let servicesToStop: Array<{
+    stop: () => Promise<void>;
+  }> = [];
   beforeAll(async () => {
     const [config, ...services] = await Promise.all([
       findAndParseConfig({
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/useSubschema.ts b/packages/runtime/src/useSubschema.ts
index 4001a82b2c0fa..3b35b0a5ead2d 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/useSubschema.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/useSubschema.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function getIntrospectionOperationType(
   visit(operationAST, {
     Field: node => {
       if (node.name.value === '__schema' || node.name.value === '__type') {
-        introspectionQueryType = true;
+        introspectionQueryType = IntrospectionQueryType.REGULAR;
         return BREAK;
       }
       if (node.name.value === '_service') {
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index f8da1a6cd4033..00e31c5c2d4f1 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -7269,6 +7269,13 @@ apollo-reporting-protobuf@^3.3.1, apollo-reporting-protobuf@^3.3.3:
   dependencies:
     "@apollo/protobufjs" "1.2.6"
 
+apollo-server-caching@3.3.0:
+  version "3.3.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/apollo-server-caching/-/apollo-server-caching-3.3.0.tgz#f501cbeb820a4201d98c2b768c085f22848d9dc5"
+  integrity sha512-Wgcb0ArjZ5DjQ7ID+tvxUcZ7Yxdbk5l1MxZL8D8gkyjooOkhPNzjRVQ7ubPoXqO54PrOMOTm1ejVhsF+AfIirQ==
+  dependencies:
+    lru-cache "^6.0.0"
+
 apollo-server-core@^3.11.1:
   version "3.11.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/apollo-server-core/-/apollo-server-core-3.11.1.tgz#89d83aeaa71a59f760ebfa35bb0cbd31e15474ca"