[EPIC] Support partition management

[mchades]

Describe the proposal

We have already added support for creating partitioned tables, but we lack the ability to manage partitions. We may need to use partition management functionality in the following scenarios:

• To define a table with a special partitioning strategy, such as range and list, it is necessary to create partitions at the table definition stage

• For tables where partitions cannot be generated automatically, partition management is necessary to create partitions in advance before writing data.

• Obtaining partition statistics can be used for data governance, partition pruning, and other purposes.

Task list

• [Subtask] Complete the metadata and interface design for partition management #1576
• [Subtask] Complete the dropPartition for partition management #1655
• [Subtask] rename package name from partitions to partitioning in common module #1675
• [Subtask] Add JSON serde for partitions #1678
• [Subtask] Support list partition names for Hive catalog #1673
• [Subtask] Support getPartition for Hive catalog #1719
• [Subtask] Support addPartition for Hive catalog #1768
• [Subtask] Support listPartition for Hive catalog #1769
• [Subtask] Add REST API for adding partitions #1774
• [Subtask] Support addPartition for client #1776
• [Subtask] Add docs for dropPartition operation #3140
• [Subtask] Support preassigned partitions when creating partitioned table #2266
• [Subtask] Supports partition management in Doris catalog #3064
• [Subtask] enable pre-assign partition for Doris catalog #3368
• Iceberg catalog supports partition management
• Mysql catalog supports partition management
• PostgreSQL catalog supports partition management