diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.cc
index d3ca2ae15ddda..5044d4f25690a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.cc
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ static auto kSelectKOptionsType = GetFunctionOptionsType<SelectKOptions>(
     DataMember("sort_keys", &SelectKOptions::sort_keys));
 static auto kCumulativeSumOptionsType = GetFunctionOptionsType<CumulativeSumOptions>(
     DataMember("start", &CumulativeSumOptions::start),
-    DataMember("skip_nulls", &CumulativeSumOptions::skip_nulls),
-    DataMember("check_overflow", &CumulativeSumOptions::check_overflow));
+    DataMember("skip_nulls", &CumulativeSumOptions::skip_nulls));
 static auto kRankOptionsType = GetFunctionOptionsType<RankOptions>(
     DataMember("sort_keys", &RankOptions::sort_keys),
     DataMember("null_placement", &RankOptions::null_placement),
@@ -199,16 +198,12 @@ SelectKOptions::SelectKOptions(int64_t k, std::vector<SortKey> sort_keys)
       sort_keys(std::move(sort_keys)) {}
 constexpr char SelectKOptions::kTypeName[];
 
-CumulativeSumOptions::CumulativeSumOptions(double start, bool skip_nulls,
-                                           bool check_overflow)
-    : CumulativeSumOptions(std::make_shared<DoubleScalar>(start), skip_nulls,
-                           check_overflow) {}
-CumulativeSumOptions::CumulativeSumOptions(std::shared_ptr<Scalar> start, bool skip_nulls,
-                                           bool check_overflow)
+CumulativeSumOptions::CumulativeSumOptions(double start, bool skip_nulls)
+    : CumulativeSumOptions(std::make_shared<DoubleScalar>(start), skip_nulls) {}
+CumulativeSumOptions::CumulativeSumOptions(std::shared_ptr<Scalar> start, bool skip_nulls)
     : FunctionOptions(internal::kCumulativeSumOptionsType),
       start(std::move(start)),
-      skip_nulls(skip_nulls),
-      check_overflow(check_overflow) {}
+      skip_nulls(skip_nulls) {}
 constexpr char CumulativeSumOptions::kTypeName[];
 
 RankOptions::RankOptions(std::vector<SortKey> sort_keys, NullPlacement null_placement,
@@ -381,8 +376,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<Array>> DropNull(const Array& values, ExecContext* ctx) {
 // Cumulative functions
 
 Result<Datum> CumulativeSum(const Datum& values, const CumulativeSumOptions& options,
-                            ExecContext* ctx) {
-  auto func_name = (options.check_overflow) ? "cumulative_sum_checked" : "cumulative_sum";
+                            bool check_overflow, ExecContext* ctx) {
+  auto func_name = check_overflow ? "cumulative_sum_checked" : "cumulative_sum";
   return CallFunction(func_name, {Datum(values)}, &options, ctx);
 }
 
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.h b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.h
index 2ec1cf959cbdc..d02c505f3e59a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/api_vector.h
@@ -213,10 +213,8 @@ class ARROW_EXPORT PartitionNthOptions : public FunctionOptions {
 /// \brief Options for cumulative sum function
 class ARROW_EXPORT CumulativeSumOptions : public FunctionOptions {
  public:
-  explicit CumulativeSumOptions(double start = 0, bool skip_nulls = false,
-                                bool check_overflow = false);
-  explicit CumulativeSumOptions(std::shared_ptr<Scalar> start, bool skip_nulls = false,
-                                bool check_overflow = false);
+  explicit CumulativeSumOptions(double start = 0, bool skip_nulls = false);
+  explicit CumulativeSumOptions(std::shared_ptr<Scalar> start, bool skip_nulls = false);
   static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "CumulativeSumOptions";
   static CumulativeSumOptions Defaults() { return CumulativeSumOptions(); }
 
@@ -226,9 +224,6 @@ class ARROW_EXPORT CumulativeSumOptions : public FunctionOptions {
   /// If true, nulls in the input are ignored and produce a corresponding null output.
   /// When false, the first null encountered is propagated through the remaining output.
   bool skip_nulls = false;
-
-  /// When true, returns an Invalid Status when overflow is detected
-  bool check_overflow = false;
 };
 
 /// @}
@@ -597,11 +592,18 @@ Result<Datum> RunEndEncode(
 ARROW_EXPORT
 Result<Datum> RunEndDecode(const Datum& value, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
 
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative sum of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative sum behavior
+/// \param[in] check_overflow whether to check for overflow, if true, return Invalid
+/// status on overflow, otherwise wrap around on overflow
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
 ARROW_EXPORT
 Result<Datum> CumulativeSum(
     const Datum& values,
     const CumulativeSumOptions& options = CumulativeSumOptions::Defaults(),
-    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+    bool check_overflow = false, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Deprecated functions
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/vector_cumulative_ops_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/vector_cumulative_ops_test.cc
index 9ec287b537d64..3c6bb3c1d10d9 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/vector_cumulative_ops_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/vector_cumulative_ops_test.cc
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "arrow/array.h"
 #include "arrow/chunked_array.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/api_vector.h"
 #include "arrow/testing/gtest_util.h"
 #include "arrow/testing/util.h"
 #include "arrow/type.h"
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "arrow/array/builder_primitive.h"
 #include "arrow/compute/api.h"
 #include "arrow/compute/kernels/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
 
 namespace arrow {
 namespace compute {
@@ -344,5 +346,15 @@ TEST(TestCumulativeSum, HasStartDoSkip) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(TestCumulativeSum, ConvenienceFunctionCheckOverflow) {
+  ASSERT_ARRAYS_EQUAL(*CumulativeSum(ArrayFromJSON(int8(), "[127, 1]"),
+                                     CumulativeSumOptions::Defaults(), false)
+                           ->make_array(),
+                      *ArrayFromJSON(int8(), "[127, -128]"));
+
+  EXPECT_RAISES_WITH_MESSAGE_THAT(Invalid, HasSubstr("overflow"),
+                                  CumulativeSum(ArrayFromJSON(int8(), "[127, 1]"),
+                                                CumulativeSumOptions::Defaults(), true));
+}
 }  // namespace compute
 }  // namespace arrow