diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.cc
index dd9fb817b7aca..8b7358fbcf2c8 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.cc
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ AzureOptions::AzureOptions() = default;
 
 AzureOptions::~AzureOptions() = default;
 
-void AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri,
+void AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(const Uri& uri,
                                                    std::string* out_path) {
   const auto host = uri.host();
   std::string path;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(const arrow::internal::Uri& u
   }
 }
 
-Status AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriQuery(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri) {
+Status AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriQuery(const Uri& uri) {
   const auto account_key = uri.password();
   std::optional<CredentialKind> credential_kind;
   std::optional<std::string> credential_kind_value;
@@ -216,8 +216,7 @@ Status AzureOptions::ExtractFromUriQuery(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri) {
   return Status::OK();
 }
 
-Result<AzureOptions> AzureOptions::FromUri(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri,
-                                           std::string* out_path) {
+Result<AzureOptions> AzureOptions::FromUri(const Uri& uri, std::string* out_path) {
   AzureOptions options;
   options.ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(uri, out_path);
   RETURN_NOT_OK(options.ExtractFromUriQuery(uri));
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ Result<AzureOptions> AzureOptions::FromUri(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri,
 
 Result<AzureOptions> AzureOptions::FromUri(const std::string& uri_string,
                                            std::string* out_path) {
-  arrow::internal::Uri uri;
+  Uri uri;
   RETURN_NOT_OK(uri.Parse(uri_string));
   return FromUri(uri, out_path);
 }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.h b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.h
index c4c4c3fc9fd61..308347426ae26 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs.h
@@ -127,9 +127,8 @@ struct ARROW_EXPORT AzureOptions {
   ~AzureOptions();
 
  private:
-  void ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri,
-                                       std::string* out_path);
-  Status ExtractFromUriQuery(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri);
+  void ExtractFromUriSchemeAndHierPart(const Uri& uri, std::string* out_path);
+  Status ExtractFromUriQuery(const Uri& uri);
 
  public:
   /// \brief Construct a new AzureOptions from an URI.
@@ -175,8 +174,7 @@ struct ARROW_EXPORT AzureOptions {
   ///   AzureOptions::ConfigureClientSecretCredential() is called.
   /// * client_secret: You must specify "tenant_id" and "client_id"
   ///   too. AzureOptions::ConfigureClientSecretCredential() is called.
-  static Result<AzureOptions> FromUri(const arrow::internal::Uri& uri,
-                                      std::string* out_path);
+  static Result<AzureOptions> FromUri(const Uri& uri, std::string* out_path);
   static Result<AzureOptions> FromUri(const std::string& uri, std::string* out_path);
 
   Status ConfigureDefaultCredential();