diff --git a/cpp/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
index 50a85b33d5489..3148edf3d9f9c 100644
--- a/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -774,8 +774,7 @@ if(ARROW_ORC)
   list(APPEND ARROW_SHARED_LINK_LIBS orc::orc ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_LINK_LIBS orc::orc ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
   if(ORC_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
-    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS orc::orc
-         ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS orc::orc)
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -824,9 +823,6 @@ if(ARROW_WITH_OPENTELEMETRY)
          opentelemetry-cpp::ostream_span_exporter
          opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_http_exporter)
   endif()
-  if(Protobuf_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
-    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
-  endif()
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS CURL::libcurl)
 endif()
 
@@ -861,6 +857,12 @@ if(ARROW_USE_XSIMD)
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_LINK_LIBS ${ARROW_XSIMD})
 endif()
 
+if(ARROW_WITH_PROTOBUF)
+  if(Protobuf_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
+    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+  endif()
+endif()
+
 add_custom_target(arrow_dependencies)
 add_custom_target(arrow_benchmark_dependencies)
 add_custom_target(arrow_test_dependencies)