diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
index b45bfe67d796b..d5728a38fcca5 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
@@ -66,9 +66,8 @@ COPY ci/scripts/install_ccache.sh arrow/ci/scripts/
 RUN /arrow/ci/scripts/install_ccache.sh ${ccache} /usr/local
 
 # Install vcpkg
-ARG ACTIONS_CACHE_URL
-ARG ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN
-ARG VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES
+ARG GITHUB_ACTOR
+ARG GITHUB_TOKEN
 ARG vcpkg
 COPY ci/vcpkg/*.patch \
      ci/vcpkg/*linux*.cmake \
@@ -77,10 +76,10 @@ COPY ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh \
      arrow/ci/scripts/
 ENV VCPKG_ROOT=/opt/vcpkg
 ARG build_type=release
-ENV ACTIONS_CACHE_URL="${ACTIONS_CACHE_URL}" \
-    ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN="${ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN}" \
-    CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${build_type} \
-    VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES="${VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES}" \
+ENV CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${build_type} \
+    GITHUB_ACTOR="${GITHUB_ACTOR}" \
+    GITHUB_TOKEN="${GITHUB_TOKEN}" \
+    VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES="clear;nugetconfig,${VCPKG_ROOT}/nuget.config" \
     VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET=${arch_short}-linux-static-${build_type} \
     VCPKG_FEATURE_FLAGS="manifests" \
     VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1 \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh b/ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh
index d9ee26b5da402..5c1842c4da1b5 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/install_vcpkg.sh
@@ -53,4 +53,42 @@ if [ -f "${vcpkg_ports_patch}" ]; then
   echo "Patch successfully applied to the VCPKG port files!"
 fi
 
+if [ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ] && [ -n "${GITHUB_ACTOR:-}" ]; then
+  if type dnf 2>/dev/null; then
+    dnf install -y epel-release
+    dnf install -y mono-complete
+    wget https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/v6.10.0/nuget.exe
+    mv nuget.exe /usr/libexec/
+    cat <<NUGET > /usr/bin/nuget
+#!/bin/sh
+
+exec mono /usr/libexec/nuget.exe "$@"
+NUGET
+    chmod +x /usr/bin/nuget
+  fi
+  nuget help
+  nuget_url="https://nuget.pkg.github.com/${GITHUB_ACTOR}/index.json"
+  cat <<NUGET_CONFIG > "${VCPKG_ROOT}/nuget.config"
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+  <config>
+    <add key="defaultPushSource" value="${nuget_url}" />
+  </config>
+  <apikeys>
+    <add key="${nuget_url}" value="${GITHUB_TOKEN}" />
+  </apikeys>
+  <packageSources>
+    <clear />
+    <add key="GitHubPackages" value="${nuget_url}" />
+  </packageSources>
+  <packageSourcesCredentials>
+    <GitHubPackages>
+      <add key="Username" value="${GITHUB_ACTOR}" />
+      <add key="Password" value="${GITHUB_TOKEN}" />
+    </GitHubPackages>
+  </packageSourcesCredentials>
+</configuration>
+NUGET_CONFIG
+fi
+
 popd
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 2947d31ab4531..b5966c98bc93f 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -76,9 +76,8 @@ x-sccache: &sccache
 
 x-vcpkg-build-args: &vcpkg-build-args
   vcpkg: ${VCPKG}
-  ACTIONS_CACHE_URL:
-  ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN:
-  VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: clear;x-gha,rw;files,/vcpkg-cache,rw
+  GITHUB_ACTOR:
+  GITHUB_TOKEN:
 
 # CPU/memory limit presets to pass to Docker.
 #
@@ -200,12 +199,8 @@ volumes:
     name: maven-cache
   python-wheel-manylinux2014-ccache:
     name: python-wheel-manylinux2014-ccache
-  python-wheel-manylinux2014-vcpkg-cache:
-    name: python-wheel-manylinux2014-vcpkg-cache
   python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache:
     name: python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache
-  python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-vcpkg-cache:
-    name: python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-vcpkg-ccache
   python-wheel-windows-clcache:
     name: python-wheel-windows-clcache
   ubuntu-ccache:
@@ -1146,7 +1141,6 @@ services:
     volumes:
       - .:/arrow:delegated
       - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}python-wheel-manylinux2014-ccache:/ccache:delegated
-      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}python-wheel-manylinux2014-vcpkg-cache:/vcpkg-cache:delegated
     command: /arrow/ci/scripts/python_wheel_manylinux_build.sh
 
   # See available versions at:
@@ -1171,7 +1165,6 @@ services:
     volumes:
       - .:/arrow:delegated
       - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache:/ccache:delegated
-      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-vcpkg-cache:/vcpkg-ccache:delegated
     command: /arrow/ci/scripts/python_wheel_manylinux_build.sh
 
   python-wheel-manylinux-test-imports: