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Glossary.htm
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>Tenpin Bowling Dictionary</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="myCommon.Css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mySand.Css">
</head>
<body background="Sand.gif">
<h1><a name="Top"></a></h1>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
class="myNavBar">
<tr>
<td><a href="kWelcome.htm"
title="Go to the Home Page Master Index"><font
color="#808080">Home</font></a></td>
<td><a href="kVideo.htm"
title="A gallery of bowling Videos for you to watch"><font
color="#808080">Videos</font></a></td>
<td><a href="Gallery.htm"
title="A collection of Bowling Pictures for you to view and save"><font
color="#808080">Downloads</font></a></td>
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title="Articles on the Equipment, Lane-Play and the Mental/Physical games"><font
color="#808080">Training</font></a></td>
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title="Pictures and biographies of the NI Bowling Teams"><font
color="#808080">Teams</font></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div align="right">
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td class="myBanner">Mental</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div align="right">
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bgcolor="#C0C0C0">
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<td><a href="TMain.Htm"><font color="#000040" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>Back</strong></font></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><img src="Reno.JPG" alt="National Bowling Stadium (Reno)"
align="right" hspace="0" width="307" height="206"> </p>
<h1>Bowling Dictionary</h1>
<p class="LeadIn"><font size="5"><strong>L</strong></font>ike all
other sports bowling has it's own special "language",
phrases and terms used by those who play the game to describe
special situations.</p>
<p>These special terms have evolved over many decades and
newcomers to the sport can find these terms confusing. You can
find out what these terms mean by using the following dictionary.
I'll be adding to this list so, if there's something you'd like
added or think you can provide a better explanation for anything
drop me an <a href="mailto:[email protected]">email</a> and
I'll give you due credit.</p>
<p>We also have <a href="gallery.htm">pictures</a> and <a
href="kVideo.htm">videos</a> demonstrating many aspects of the
game which you can watch and download or <a href="tMain.htm">articles</a>
on key aspects of the game for you to read.</p>
<h6>Revised August 25th 2000</h6>
<hr width="80%">
<div align="center"><center>
<table border="3" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
bgcolor="#C0C0C0">
<tr>
<td><a href="#Top"><font color="#000080" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>Top</strong></font></a></td>
<td><a href="kwelcome.htm"><font color="#000040" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>Home</strong></font></a></td>
<td><a href="kNitbf.Htm"><font color="#000040" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>NITBF</strong></font></a></td>
<td><a href="Ni_Mens.Htm"><font color="#000040" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>Teams</strong></font></a></td>
<td><a href="kVideo.htm"><font color="#000040" size="1"
face="Verdana"><strong>Video</strong></font></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center></div>
<p><a name="a"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>A<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt><a name="ABC"></a>ABC </dt>
<dd>American Bowling Congress, the governing body for the
sport in the USA. Founded in 1895 the ABC developed the
specifications on equipment (e.g. dimensions, weights and
tolerances for lanes, balls, pins as well as rules).</dd>
<dt>ABT</dt>
<dd>Asian Bowling Tour</dd>
<dt>Adjusting</dt>
<dd>What good bowlers do to knock down more pins than their
un-enlightened opposition who, like sticks in the mud,
refuse to budge from their lines and their I can beat
this lane. The good bowler uses numerous adjustments (nicely
summarised in the <a href="#Arse">ARSE</a> acronym) to
obtain maximum results on any lane condition.</dd>
<dt>Adrenalin</dt>
<dt>Adult Bumper Bowling</dt>
<dd>Derogatory term used by advanced bowlers to describe a <a
href="#Block">blocked</a> oiling condition deliberately
put down to create higher scores.</dd>
<dt>Aerobic Exercise</dt>
<dd>A steady period of exertion where you use oxygen, i.e.
you breath heavier. After 10-20 mins you start to burn
fat, think of it like a fire, the fire doesn't burn
without oxygen. Aerobic exercise is thus good for keeping
fit. Walking, running, swimming would qualify.</dd>
<dt>Anaerobic Exercise</dt>
<dd>Stop/start type sports (tennis) where the energy comes
form sugar stored in the muscles: burning this sugar can
leave lactic acid in the body, making you feel stiff the
day after.</dd>
<dt>Affirmations </dt>
<dd>Positive thoughts an athlete (or Team) can use in a self-talk
process to actively keep them focused, or to get back on
track after losing focus. Examples, to reduce pressure,
could be "One shot at a time", "I can play
any lane in the world" or (as used by Team USA)
"ICE - I carry everything!". Often employed as
part of a refocusing plan after thought-stopping has
recognised a negative thought creaping into your head. (example
<a href="mAffirms.htm">article</a>)</dd>
<dt>AMF </dt>
<dd>Manufacturer of bowling balls, lanes, pinsetters and
worldwide proprietor of bowling centres. Has also run the
AMF World Cup, held annually since 1963 (Dublin) to
provide high level competition for amateur bowlers in
over 80 countries.</dd>
<dt>Analysis</dt>
<dd>Process used by coach to systematically assess a bowler.
From the analysis a Performance Profile can be developed.</dd>
<dt>Anxiety </dt>
<dt>Approach </dt>
<dd>The area on which a bowler walks to deliver their ball
onto the lane. (watch a <a href="kVideo.htm#Approach">video</a>
of a bowlers approach).</dd>
<dt>Area</dt>
<dd>What you need to score well. Using your lane play skills
you need to get the ball into the area of the lane which
scores the best - the area (breakpoint or target) will
change depending on the lane conditions on the day.
Humans are not perfect and cannot hit the same target
time-after-time with perfect accuracy. But when you find
the right area you get away with slight imperfections.</dd>
<dt>Armswing</dt>
<dd>A term used to describe the motion of the arm as the ball
swings from the pushaway, down, up into the backswing and
then down again to the release of the ball onto the lane.</dd>
<dt>Arrows</dt>
<dd>Targetting aids placed on the lane, approximately 15ft
from the foul line. There are seven arrows spaced every
five boards across the width of the lane. There are
several 'systems' in place which use the arrows to allow
a bowler to hit a target at sixty feet with great
accuracy.</dd>
<dt><a name="Arse"></a>ARSE</dt>
<dd>Acronym used to describe the four basic <a
href="tArse.htm">adjustments</a> used by higher-average
players to find the optimum strike line. Angle, Release,
Speed and Equipment. Some say "loft" is another
important factor.</dd>
<dt>Arsenal </dt>
<dd>A collection of bowling balls specifically chosen,
drilled and prepared to create different reactions, thus
enabling a player to strike on different lane conditions.
An analogy would be, in golf, not using a putter when you
need a driver.</dd>
<dt>Asymetric Core</dt>
<dd>Simply put, the a weightblock inside a bowling ball which
is not symmetrical.</dd>
<dt>ATP </dt>
<dd>Adenosine Triphosphate. A chemical (phosphate) used by
the body to store energy obtained from foods. During
exercise of a short period ATP is taken directly from the
muscles obtain energy by burning ATP obtained from the
bloodstream. Combining ATP with oxygen is called aerobic
exercise, whereas obtaining energy directly from the
muscles may create lactic acid. To recreate ATP the body
makes use of another phosphate, Creatin.</dd>
<dt>Axis </dt>
<dt>Axis Drilling</dt>
<dt><a name="AxisRotation"></a>Axis Rotation</dt>
<dt><a name="AxisTilt"></a>Axis Tilt </dt>
<dt>Axis Tracer</dt>
<dd> </dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="B"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>B<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Baby Split</dt>
<dd>The 2-7 or 3-10 splits.</dd>
<dt>Back End </dt>
<dd>The end part of a <a href="#Lane">lane</a>, closest to
the pins, which is left dry (no oil) and on which a ball
can hook.</dd>
<dt>Backswing</dt>
<dd>A description for the part of the bowlers swing where the
ball is behind the body. The swing is intrinsically
linked with a bowlers style and <a href="#Timing">timing</a>.
Usually a higher backswing helps raise ball speed.</dd>
<dt>Backward Linking</dt>
<dd>A teaching method to aid learning a complex skill, such
as bowling. </dd>
<dt>Bad Habits</dt>
<dd>Dick Ritger has skill drills used to develop Muscle
Memory: the drills help develop good habits. Bad habits
describes in a way we can all relate to what happens when
we learn a skill without proper instruction. Habits, i.e.
muscle memory, develop with constant repetition of an
action and can be extremely hard to correct. </dd>
<dt>Baker System</dt>
<dd>An alternative way of playing a team event. Instead of
each player keeping score of their own game the team
plays a single game with players taking turns to play
each frame in turn. By removing individual scores it
encourages more teamwork and is also over faster, making
it a format suitable for television.</dd>
<dt>Balance</dt>
<dd>Good balance is essential to athletes in all sports.
Proper balance allows the athlete to generate power with
control. Without good balance it is harder to generate
power with any consistency and also increased the risk of
injury.</dd>
<dt>Ball</dt>
<dd>The tool used to knock down pins. The bowler must deliver
the ball from the approach area of the lane, but without
crossing the foul line. There are numerous systems in
place to enable more accurate lane play and adjustments
usually have to be made throughout the game as the
condition changes. More than one ball can be used and
different drillings can be used to create different types
of ball reaction.</dd>
<dt>Biomechanics</dt>
<dd>Scientific study of the human body in motion, especially
in sport. Areas studied include balance (centre of
gravity, platforms), forces (e.g. applied to a ball,
opponent), vectors (directions in which force applied).</dd>
<dt><a name="Block"></a>Blocked Lane</dt>
<dd>A block is an <a href="#OilingPattern">oiling pattern</a>
which is condusive to high scoring. By placing more oil
up the middle of the lane and leaving the outside boards
as dry as is legally possible a ball thrown too far to
the right will start to hook back towards the pocket,
while if a bowler pulls the ball left it will slide in
oil and still hit the pocket. Proprietors like this as
league bowlers score well, but serious tournament bowlers
believe it is ruining the sport by removing lane-play
skills. The <a href="#Foundation">Foundation</a> is
trying to come up with conditions that are challenging
but fair to all <a href="#Style">styles</a>.</dd>
<dt>Blue Hammer</dt>
<dd>One of the most-famous bowling balls ever made. A
urethane coverstock ball with a lightbulb weight block.</dd>
<dt>Boards</dt>
<dd>A <a href="#Lane">lane</a> is constructed of boards, laid
on their side. Just over one inch wide there are 39
boards across the width of a lane. Bowlers count boards
and use them as a targetting aid.</dd>
<dt>Bob Summerville</dt>
<dd>Editor of the "Bowling This Month" magazine.</dd>
<dt>Bowlers Journal</dt>
<dd>Long standing magazine for bowlers and proprietors.</dd>
<dt><a href="kLinks.Htm">Bowling This Month</a></dt>
<dd>Magazine of choice for the serious bowler.</dd>
<dt>Bow Tie</dt>
<dd>On bowling balls where track flare is significant the two
points where the flare rings come together is called a
bow-tie.</dd>
<dt>Breakpoint</dt>
<dt>Bridge</dt>
<dd>The distance between the holes drilled into a bowling
ball for the fingers to be inserted.</dd>
<dt>Broken Wrist</dt>
<dd>Relaxed wrist position (cf. with cupped wrist) which
imparts minimal revolutions onto the ball. This release
adjustment is used for spares or when the lanes are dry
and too many revs would create over-reaction.</dd>
<dt>Bronze Level Coach</dt>
<dd>USA Bowling's first level certification for trained
coaches.</dd>
<dt>Brunswick</dt>
<dd>Manufacturer of bowling balls (e..g Zones), lanes and
automatic pinsetters.</dd>
<dt><a href="kLinks.htm">BTBA</a></dt>
<dd>British Tenpin Bowling Association.</dd>
<dt>BTBIF</dt>
<dd>British Tenpin Bowling Instructors Federation.</dd>
<dt>BTM</dt>
<dd>See Bowling this Month</dd>
<dt>Bump and Jump</dt>
<dd>A description of lane play adjustments where the bowler
makes small adjustments left or right on the approach
until such a point where a bigger jump is needed to move
to a different part of the lane.</dd>
<dt>Bumper Bowling</dt>
<dd>In open-play and for younger bowlers some centres have
the capability to cover the gutters and keep errant balls
on the lane so that the less skilled players get the
enoyment of scoring.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="c"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>C<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Cadence</dt>
<dd>Term polularised by coach Dick Ritger. Refers to the
rhythm of the bowler during the approach. A waltz is
different from a tango because the rhythm is different.
Similary different styles of bowlers use different
rhythms and step sizes in their approach.</dd>
<dt>Carbohydrates</dt>
<dd>Carbohydrates are sources of energy, found in foods like
rice, bread, potatoes and pasta.</dd>
<dt><a name="Carrydown"></a>Carrydown</dt>
<dd>After a period of time continued play will 'push' oil
down from the heads into the back-end. </dd>
<dt>Centering</dt>
<dd>A relaxation technique taught in the mental game of all
sports where, through concentrating on your breathing,
you change your concentration for external distractions
to the centre of your body (where your diaphram moves in
and out during breathing).</dd>
<dt>Centre of Gravity (CG)</dt>
<dd> </dd>
<dt>Centre of Grip</dt>
<dt>Century</dt>
<dd>Manufacturer of oiling machines.</dd>
<dt>Ceramic Core</dt>
<dt>Certification</dt>
<dt>Chaining</dt>
<dd>A teaching technique to learn a complex skill by breaking
it down into a series of smaller components: this is the
method employed by Dick Ritger with his series of skill
drills.</dd>
<dt>Chairman</dt>
<dd>Type of oiling machine.</dd>
<dt>Chicken Wing</dt>
<dd>Term used to describe a bowler who pops out their elbow
during the follow through. This is not associated with a
good delivery.</dd>
<dt>Chopping</dt>
<dd>When two or more pins remain standing (side-by-side) in a
spare and the ball does not take down all pins on the
spare shot it's calling chopping the spare.</dd>
<dt>Choking</dt>
<dd>All sportsmen and women experience choking at some point
where, in a high pressure situation, they come-up-short
and let the opponent in.</dd>
<dt>Coach</dt>
<dt>Cocked Wrist</dt>
<dt>Coefficient of Friction (COF)</dt>
<dt>Coefficient of Restitution</dt>
<dt>Columbia</dt>
<dd>Bowling ball manufacturer. Famous for the 'white dot'
plastic ball (great for spares) and for using centre-heavy
ceramic cores which brought a new dimension to hitting
power in the early 1990's.</dd>
<dt>Comfort Zone</dt>
<dd>What an athlete is most at ease doing, getting outside
the comfort zone can create tension and stress for a
player, distracting them from the task in hand.</dd>
<dt>Comittment</dt>
<dd>What you need to succeed: there is no such thing as a
free lunch and success in any competitive environment
requires practise, practise and more practise.</dd>
<dt>Communication Skills</dt>
<dt>Concentration</dt>
<dd>An element of the mental game which allows an athlete to
maintain focus on the task in hand despite the
distractions of competitors and pressure.</dd>
<dt>Conditioner</dt>
<dd>A substrance applied to a lane to reduce the friction
between the ball and the lane. Commonly referred to as
oil.</dd>
<dt>Confidence</dt>
<dd>An athlete's believe in their ability to succeed.
Confidence is competence: without the physical skills the
bowler is reliant upon luck and any beliefs otherwise are
"over-confidence" brought about denial or lack
of information.</dd>
<dt>Conventional (grip)</dt>
<dd>A ball drilled with the conventional grip is where the
fingers are inserted to the knuckles closest to the hand,
unlike a fingertip drilling where only the tips of the
fingers are inserted.</dd>
<dt>Core</dt>
<dd>The part of the ball where the largest concentration of
mass is held. By using a dense weight block (see ceramic
core) the majority of weight can be concentrated in the
middle of the ball, making it easier to roll.</dd>
<dt><a name="Coverstock"></a>Coverstock</dt>
<dd>Rubber, Plastic, Urethane, Reactive.</dd>
<dt><a name="Cranker"></a>Cranker</dt>
<dd>A <a href="#Style">Style</a> of Bowling which imparts
maximum energy/revs onto the ball for a spectacular hook
and awesome strikes. Usually favoured by younger bowlers
due to the power required. The bowler will use late-timing,
a plant-and-pull type slide for strong leverage in the
finish. Unfortunatley, due to the number of boards
crossed, and the extreme power used, crankers are usually
not as accurate - needing 'area' to score - and often
leave bizarre splits. </dd>
<dt>Creatin</dt>
<dt>Croaker</dt>
<dd>A Mo-Pinelism, cross between the cranker and stroker
styles.</dd>
<dt>Cupped Wrist</dt>
</dl>
<p><a name="D"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>D<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Dehydration</dt>
<dd>Taking part in any athletic activity requires energy</dd>
<dt>Delivery</dt>
<dt>Dick Ritger</dt>
<dd>Former PBA player and world-famous bowling coach.</dd>
<dt>Distractions</dt>
<dd>Anything which can disrupt an athlete's concentration and
focus. Distractions can be internal or external.</dd>
<dt>Dodo scale</dt>
<dd>Balance scale used by pro-shop operators to make sure a
drilled ball meets the static weight specifications of
the ABC.</dd>
<dt>Don Johnson</dt>
<dd>Former PBA bowler and coach.</dd>
<dt>Dressing</dt>
<dt>Drilling</dt>
<dt>Durometer</dt>
<dd>Device to measure the 'hardness' of a bowling ball.
Specifications for minimum/maximum hardness (porosity)
are set out by the <a href="#Abc">ABC</a>.</dd>
<dt>Dutch 200</dt>
<dt>Dynamic Instability</dt>
</dl>
<p><a name="E"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>E<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Earl Anthony</dt>
<dd>One of the most successful bowlers ever.</dd>
<dt><a name="EarlyTiming"></a>Early Timing</dt>
<dt>Eddie Elias</dt>
<dd>Founder of the PBA, professional bowling tour.</dd>
<dt>External</dt>
<dt>Equipment</dt>
<dd>All athletes have special equipment to compete in their
sport: in bowling the equipment is primarily balls and
shoes.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="F"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>F<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Fast-Twitch Fibres</dt>
<dt>Fatigue</dt>
<dd>Any athelete burns energy during an event and without
consuming proper amounts of food and water the body can
no longer perform to it's optimum level.</dd>
<dt>Feedback</dt>
<dd>Feeback is information you receive in relation to your
performance. Most bowlers receive feedback from the
scores and want to raise their scores but their are many
other important sources of feeback, some positive and
some negative. Motivation levels can be raised by setting
goals and seeing those goals being achieved.</dd>
<dt>Feelings</dt>
<dd>A term used by coach Dick Ritger to describe the physical
feedback the bowler receives from a well executed shot.
By practising specially designed skill drills the
positive feelings can be reinforced and the bowler will
immediately recognise a bad shot by the different
feelings, without having to consciously analyse the shot.</dd>
<dt>Fingertip</dt>
<dd>Method of drilling where only the tips of the fingers (i.e.
to the first small knuckle) are inserted into the ball.
This gives the potential for greater lift, during the
release, and thus a higher rev-rate.</dd>
<dt>Finish</dt>
<dd>The final phase of the approach, including the slide and
release. Hook bowlers try to create leverage in the
finish. A good finish is only possible with good <a
href="#Timing">timing.</a></dd>
<dt>FIQ</dt>
<dd>Federation de Internationale de Quilleurs, the worldwide
governing body for the sport of tenpin (and ninepin)
bowling.</dd>
<dt>Flare</dt>
<dt>Flat Spot</dt>
<dt>Flip</dt>
<dt>Flow</dt>
<dt>Focus</dt>
<dt>Follow Through</dt>
<dt>Forward Pitch</dt>
<dt>Foul</dt>
<dt>Foul Line</dt>
<dd>A boundary line drawn on the lane between the approach
and the <a href="#Heads">heads</a> part of the <a
href="#Lane">lane</a>. The bowlers sliding foot is not
allowed to cross this line or a foul is declared.</dd>
<dt><a name="Foundation"></a>Foundation</dt>
<dt>Fred Borden</dt>
<dd>Renowned coach. Former coach of Team USA and creator of
the three level coaching USA Bowling coaching programme (Bronze,
Silver and Gold).</dd>
<dt>Free Lunch</dt>
<dd>No such thing! The competition is intense and you need to
practise.</dd>
<dt>Free Swing</dt>
<dt>Friction</dt>
<dt>Frisbee Release</dt>
<dt>Full-Roller</dt>
<dd>Describes a style of bowling where the release creates an
oil track on the ball with the track lieing between the
finger and thumbs. This release is reported to have no
axis tilt, though I have yet to understand this fully -
mathematically in theory, yes, but with an axis-tracer on
the ball it looks, to me, to be tilted down to the ground.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="G"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>G<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt> </dt>
<dt>GNILWOB</dt>
<dd>Bowling 'backwards'. A skill development taught by
Swedish coach Goran Bergandorff. Starting at the foul
line in the Finishing position the bowlers gradually
works back taking one, two, three and finally four (or
five) steps and thus develops a strong mental picture of
proper timing.</dd>
<dt><a name="Goals"></a>Goals</dt>
<dd>If you don't know where you going how will you ever get
there? By profiling your game you can identify strengths
and weaknesses, then create a plan to improve your game.
Goals can be short-term or long-term and you can use the <a
href="#Smarter">SMARTER</a> acronym during the goal
setting process.</dd>
<dt>Gold Level Coach</dt>
<dd>USA Bowling's highest level coaching certification, the
first being bronze and the intermediate being silver.
Gold level certification is a process that can take
several years due to the many competencies required (e.g.
skills in ball drilling, sports psychology, video
analysis, injury prevention etc.).</dd>
<dt>Good Habits</dt>
<dt>Goran Bergandorff</dt>
<dd>Former Team Sweden member, Swedish coach of international
renown.</dd>
<dt>Go Tenpin</dt>
<dd>UK bowling trade magazine. Came out of the older "World
of Tenpin" magazine.</dd>
<dt>Guardian</dt>
<dd>Plastic film placed over the top of wooden bowling lanes
to absorb the impact of the balls and prolong the
lifetime of the lanes.</dd>
<dt>Grip</dt>
<dd>There are different types of grips used, generally two
holes are drilled for the middle two fingers and one for
the thumb. The standard grips can be conventional or
fingertip.</dd>
<dt>Gutter</dt>
<dd>Two channels run down the side of the lane and the ball
will drop into these channels if the bowlers is not
accurate enough.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="H"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>H<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Hammer</dt>
<dd>Bowling ball manufacturer, famous for the Blue Hammer
ball and, with the coming of Mo Pinel, the Violet 3D-Offset.</dd>
<dt><a name="Handicap"></a>Handicap</dt>
<dt>Hard-and-fast</dt>
<dd>Spare shooting technique which creates minimal hook,
allowing straighter shots to be played at, say, single
pin spare leaves. Reducing the hook, number of boards
crossed, may improve the spare conversion rate.</dd>
<dt>HDL</dt>
<dt><a name="Heads"></a>Heads</dt>
<dd>The front part of the lane, between the foul line and the
arrows, where the ball is delivered onto. Due to the
continual wear-and-tear on this part of the lane the wood
(pine) here is usually harder. Nowadays synthetic lanes
can ease this problem or plastic sheeting ("Guardian")
laid over the heads.</dd>
<dt><a name="Helicopter"></a>Helicopter</dt>
<dd>A <a href="#Style">style</a> of bowling which emerged in
the Asian region. Bowlers from Taiwan, Malaysia and the
Chinese regions developed this style to combat difficult
lane conditions. Using light-weight (10-12lb)
conventionally drilled plastic balls these bowlers 'spin'
the ball and create a lot of mix (<a href="vHeliStr.Htm">video</a>
of a Helicopter style strike).</dd>
<dt>Herbies</dt>
<dt><img src="tHook.jpg"
alt="Picture of bowling ball hooking into the pocket"
align="right" hspace="0" width="225" height="222"><a
name="Hook"></a>Hook</dt>
<dd>A style of bowling where the bowler imparts energy on the
ball in the release so that the ball has a larger angle
of entry into the pocket for more strikes than is
possible with a simple straight ball.</dd>
<dt>Hook Out</dt>
<dd>When a bowling ball loses it's axis rotation it is said
to have hooked out. This is different from rolling out.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="I"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>I<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>IBPSIA</dt>
<dt>Imagery</dt>
<dd>A technique used by athlete's of all sport to "see
the shot" in their mind prior to execution. See also
Visualisation and the Mental game.</dd>
<dt>Inside Line</dt>
<dd>Playing the middle part of the line; 3rd, 4th and 5th
arrows.</dd>
<dt>Internal</dt>
<dt>IOC</dt>
<dd>International Olympic Committee</dd>
<dt>Isotonic Drinks</dt>
<dt>ITBA</dt>
<dd>Irish Tenpin Bowling Association</dd>
<dt> </dt>
</dl>
<p><a name="J"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a
href="#L"><font size="3"><strong>L</strong></font></a><a
href="#M"><font size="3"><strong>M</strong></font></a><a
href="#N"><font size="3"><strong>N</strong></font></a><a
href="#O"><font size="3"><strong>O</strong></font></a><a
href="#P"><font size="3"><strong>P</strong></font></a><a
href="#Q"><font size="3"><strong>Q</strong></font></a><a
href="#R"><font size="3"><strong>R</strong></font></a><a
href="#S"><font size="3"><strong>S</strong></font></a><a
href="#T"><font size="3"><strong>T</strong></font></a><a
href="#U"><font size="3"><strong>U</strong></font></a><a
href="#V"><font size="3"><strong>V</strong></font></a><a
href="#W"><font size="3"><strong>W</strong></font></a><a
href="#X"><font size="3"><strong>X</strong></font></a><a
href="#Y"><font size="3"><strong>Y</strong></font></a><a
href="#Z"><font size="3"><strong>Z</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#0"><font size="3"><strong>0</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong>]</strong></font></p>
<h3>J<br>
<img src="bgNavy.JPG" width="80%" height="3"></h3>
<dl>
<dt>Janitor</dt>
<dd>An in-joke, used to illustrate the lowly opinion some
people have of the lanesperson, despite the high level of
knowledge this individual needs to have.</dd>
<dt>Jeff Briggs</dt>
<dd>Physical fitness expert and columnist for Bowling This
Month magazine.</dd>
<dt>John Davies</dt>
<dd>Founder of the Foundation and Herbies/Kegel training
centre.</dd>
<dt>John Jowdy</dt>
<dd>Renowned coach to many PBA bowlers, especially Marshall
Hollman.</dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="K"></a><font size="3"><strong>[</strong></font><a
href="#Top"><font size="3"><strong>Top</strong></font></a><font
size="3"><strong> </strong></font><a href="#a"><font size="3"><strong>A</strong></font></a><a
href="#B"><font size="3"><strong>B</strong></font></a><a
href="#c"><font size="3"><strong>C</strong></font></a><a
href="#D"><font size="3"><strong>D</strong></font></a><a
href="#E"><font size="3"><strong>E</strong></font></a><a
href="#F"><font size="3"><strong>F</strong></font></a><a
href="#G"><font size="3"><strong>G</strong></font></a><a
href="#H"><font size="3"><strong>H</strong></font></a><a
href="#I"><font size="3"><strong>I</strong></font></a><a
href="#J"><font size="3"><strong>J</strong></font></a><a
href="#K"><font size="3"><strong>K</strong></font></a><a