osemosys_2015_08_27_snapshot_2017_07_28.txt

# OSeMOSYS_2015_08_27
# 
# Open Source energy MOdeling SYStem
#
# Main changes to previous version OSeMOSYS_2013_05_10
#		- Removed the parameter TechWithCapacityNeededToMeetPeakTS from constraint CAa4_Constraint_Capacity
#		- Fixed a bug related to using CapacityOfOneTechnologyUnit in constraint CAa5_TotalNewCapacity
#		- Fixed a bug in the storage equations which caused an error if more than one day type was used 
#		- DiscountRate is no longer technology-specific. Therefore, DiscountRateStorage is now replaced by DiscountRate.
#
# ============================================================================
#
#    Copyright [2010-2015] [OSeMOSYS Forum steering committee see: www.osemosys.org]
#
#   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#   You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#   limitations under the License.
# ============================================================================
#
#  To run OSeMOSYS, enter the following line into your command prompt after replacing FILEPATH & YOURDATAFILE with your folder structure and data file name: 
#
#  C:\...FILEPATH...\glpsol -m C:\...FILEPATH...\OSeMOSYS_2015_08_27.txt -d C:\...FILEPATH...\YOURDATAFILE.txt -o C:\...FILEPATH...\Results.txt
#
#  Alternatively, install GUSEK (http://gusek.sourceforge.net/gusek.html) and run the model within this integrated development environment (IDE). 
#  To do so, open the .dat file and select "Use External .dat file" from the Options menu. Then change to the model file and select the "Go" icon or press F5.
#
#              			#########################################
######################			Model Definition				#############
#              			#########################################
#
###############
#    Sets     #
############### 
# 
set YEAR;
set TECHNOLOGY;
set TIMESLICE;
set FUEL;
set EMISSION;
set MODE_OF_OPERATION;
set REGION;
set SEASON;
set DAYTYPE;
set DAILYTIMEBRACKET;
set FLEXIBLEDEMANDTYPE; 
set STORAGE;
#
#####################
#    Parameters     #
#####################
#	
########			Global 						#############
#
param YearSplit{l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR};
param DiscountRate{r in REGION};
param DaySplit{lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR};
param Conversionls{l in TIMESLICE, ls in SEASON};
param Conversionld{l in TIMESLICE, ld in DAYTYPE};
param Conversionlh{l in TIMESLICE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET};
param DaysInDayType{ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, y in YEAR};
param TradeRoute{r in REGION, rr in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR};
param DepreciationMethod{r in REGION};
#
########			Demands 					#############
#
param SpecifiedAnnualDemand{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}; 
param SpecifiedDemandProfile{r in REGION, f in FUEL, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR};
param AccumulatedAnnualDemand{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Performance					#############
#
param CapacityToActivityUnit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
param TechWithCapacityNeededToMeetPeakTS{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
param CapacityFactor{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR};
param AvailabilityFactor{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param OperationalLife{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
param ResidualCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param InputActivityRatio{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR};
param OutputActivityRatio{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Technology Costs			#############
#
param CapitalCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param VariableCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR};
param FixedCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
#
#########           		Storage                 		#############
#
param TechnologyToStorage{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, s in STORAGE, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION};
param TechnologyFromStorage{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, s in STORAGE, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION};
param StorageLevelStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE};
param StorageMaxChargeRate{r in REGION, s in STORAGE};
param StorageMaxDischargeRate{r in REGION, s in STORAGE};
param MinStorageCharge{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR};
param OperationalLifeStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE};
param CapitalCostStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR};
param ResidualStorageCapacity{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Capacity Constraints		#############
#
param CapacityOfOneTechnologyUnit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param TotalAnnualMaxCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param TotalAnnualMinCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Investment Constraints		#############
#
param TotalAnnualMaxCapacityInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param TotalAnnualMinCapacityInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Activity Constraints		#############
#
param TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityUpperLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityLowerLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityUpperLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
param TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityLowerLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
#
#########			Reserve Margin				############# 
#
param ReserveMarginTagTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}; 
param ReserveMarginTagFuel{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR};
param ReserveMargin{r in REGION, y in YEAR};
#
#########			RE Generation Target		############# 
#
param RETagTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR};
param RETagFuel{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}; 
param REMinProductionTarget{r in REGION, y in YEAR};
#
#########			Emissions & Penalties		#############
#
param EmissionActivityRatio{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR};
param EmissionsPenalty{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR};
param AnnualExogenousEmission{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR};
param AnnualEmissionLimit{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR};
param ModelPeriodExogenousEmission{r in REGION, e in EMISSION};
param ModelPeriodEmissionLimit{r in REGION, e in EMISSION};
#
######################
#   Model Variables  #
######################
#
########			Demands 					#############
#
var RateOfDemand{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var Demand{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
########     		Storage                 		#############
#
var RateOfStorageCharge{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR};
var RateOfStorageDischarge{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR};
var NetChargeWithinYear{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR};
var NetChargeWithinDay{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR};
var StorageLevelYearStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var StorageLevelYearFinish{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var StorageLevelSeasonStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, y in YEAR} >=0;
var StorageLevelDayTypeStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var StorageLevelDayTypeFinish{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var StorageLowerLimit{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}>=0;
var StorageUpperLimit{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var AccumulatedNewStorageCapacity{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var NewStorageCapacity{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var CapitalInvestmentStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var DiscountedCapitalInvestmentStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var SalvageValueStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var DiscountedSalvageValueStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
var TotalDiscountedStorageCost{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR} >=0;
#
#########		    Capacity Variables 			############# 
#
var NumberOfNewTechnologyUnits{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR} >= 0,integer;
var NewCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var AccumulatedNewCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var TotalCapacityAnnual{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
#########		    Activity Variables 			#############
#
var RateOfActivity{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR} >= 0; 
var RateOfTotalActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var TotalTechnologySnapshotActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR} >= 0;   				 			# CHANGED
var TotalSnapshotTechnologyActivityByMode{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR}>=0; 	# CHANGED
var RateOfProductionByTechnologyByMode{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var RateOfProductionByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var ProductionByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var ProductionByTechnologySnapshot{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;						# CHANGED
var RateOfProduction{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var Production{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var RateOfUseByTechnologyByMode{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var RateOfUseByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR} >= 0;
var UseByTechnologySnapshot{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;							# CHANGED
var RateOfUse{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var UseByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var Use{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var Trade{r in REGION, rr in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR};
var TradeSnapshot{r in REGION, rr in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR};												# CHANGED
#
var ProductionSnapshot{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;													# CHANGED
var UseSnapshot{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}>= 0;															# CHANGED
#
#########		    Costing Variables 			#############
#
var CapitalInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var DiscountedCapitalInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
var SalvageValue{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var DiscountedSalvageValue{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var OperatingCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var DiscountedOperatingCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
var SnapshotVariableOperatingCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;									# CHANGED
var AnnualFixedOperatingCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var VariableOperatingCost{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
var TotalDiscountedCostByTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var TotalDiscountedCost{r in REGION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
var ModelPeriodCostByRegion{r in REGION} >= 0;
#
#########			Reserve Margin				#############
#
var TotalCapacityInReserveMargin{r in REGION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var DemandNeedingReserveMargin{r in REGION,l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}>= 0;
#
#########			RE Gen Target				#############
#
var TotalREProductionSnapshot{r in REGION, y in YEAR};															# CHANGED
var RETotalDemandOfTargetFuelAnnual{r in REGION, y in YEAR};
#
var TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY};
#
#########			Emissions					#############
#
var SnapshotTechnologyEmissionByMode{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var SnapshotTechnologyEmission{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var SnapshotTechnologyEmissionPenaltyByEmission{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var SnapshotTechnologyEmissionsPenalty{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var DiscountedTechnologyEmissionsPenalty{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var SnapshotEmissions{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}>= 0;
var ModelPeriodEmissions{r in REGION, e in EMISSION}>= 0;
#
#	table data IN "CSV" "data.csv": s <- [FROM,TO], d~DISTANCE, c~COST;
#	table capacity IN "CSV" "SpecifiedAnnualDemand.csv": [YEAR, FUEL, REGION], SpecifiedAnnualDemand~ColumnNameInCSVSheet;
#
######################
# Objective Function #
######################
#
minimize cost: sum{r in REGION, y in YEAR} TotalDiscountedCost[r,y];
#
#####################
# Constraints       #
#####################
#
s.t. EQ_SpecifiedDemand{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: SpecifiedAnnualDemand[r,f,y]*SpecifiedDemandProfile[r,f,l,y] / YearSplit[l,y]=RateOfDemand[r,l,f,y];
#
#########       	Capacity Adequacy A	     	#############
#
s.t. CAa1_TotalNewCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}:AccumulatedNewCapacity[r,t,y] = sum{yy in YEAR: y-yy < OperationalLife[r,t] && y-yy>=0} NewCapacity[r,t,yy];
s.t. CAa2_TotalAnnualCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: AccumulatedNewCapacity[r,t,y]+ ResidualCapacity[r,t,y] = TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y];
s.t. CAa3_TotalActivityOfEachTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}: sum{m in MODE_OF_OPERATION} RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y] = RateOfTotalActivity[r,t,l,y];
s.t. CAa4_Constraint_Capacity{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: RateOfTotalActivity[r,t,l,y] <= TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y] * CapacityFactor[r,t,l,y]*CapacityToActivityUnit[r,t];
s.t. CAa5_TotalNewCapacity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: CapacityOfOneTechnologyUnit[r,t,y]<>0}: CapacityOfOneTechnologyUnit[r,t,y]*NumberOfNewTechnologyUnits[r,t,y] = NewCapacity[r,t,y];
#
# Note that the PlannedMaintenance equation below ensures that all other technologies have a capacity great enough to at least meet the annual average.
#
#########       	Capacity Adequacy B		 	#############
#
s.t. CAb1_PlannedMaintenance{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} RateOfTotalActivity[r,t,l,y]*YearSplit[l,y] <= sum{l in TIMESLICE} (TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y]*CapacityFactor[r,t,l,y]*YearSplit[l,y])* AvailabilityFactor[r,t,y]*CapacityToActivityUnit[r,t];
#
#########	        Energy Balance A    	 	#############
#
s.t. EBa1_RateOfFuelProduction1{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR: OutputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y] <>0}:  RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y]*OutputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]  = RateOfProductionByTechnologyByMode[r,l,t,m,f,y];
s.t. EBa2_RateOfFuelProduction2{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: sum{m in MODE_OF_OPERATION: OutputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y] <>0} RateOfProductionByTechnologyByMode[r,l,t,m,f,y] = RateOfProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] ;
s.t. EBa3_RateOfFuelProduction3{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY} RateOfProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y]  =  RateOfProduction[r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa4_RateOfFuelUse1{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR: InputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]<>0}: RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y]*InputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]  = RateOfUseByTechnologyByMode[r,l,t,m,f,y];
s.t. EBa5_RateOfFuelUse2{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: sum{m in MODE_OF_OPERATION: InputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]<>0} RateOfUseByTechnologyByMode[r,l,t,m,f,y] = RateOfUseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y];
s.t. EBa6_RateOfFuelUse3{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY} RateOfUseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y]  = RateOfUse[r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa7_EnergyBalanceEachTS1{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: RateOfProduction[r,l,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = Production[r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa8_EnergyBalanceEachTS2{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: RateOfUse[r,l,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = Use[r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa9_EnergyBalanceEachTS3{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: RateOfDemand[r,l,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = Demand[r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa10_EnergyBalanceEachTS4{r in REGION, rr in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: Trade[r,rr,l,f,y] = -Trade[rr,r,l,f,y];
s.t. EBa11_EnergyBalanceEachTS5{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: Production[r,l,f,y] >= Demand[r,l,f,y] + Use[r,l,f,y] + sum{rr in REGION} Trade[r,rr,l,f,y]*TradeRoute[r,rr,f,y];
#
#########        	Energy Balance B		 	#############
#
s.t. EBb1_EnergyBalanceEachYear1{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} Production[r,l,f,y] = ProductionSnapshot[r,f,y];
s.t. EBb2_EnergyBalanceEachYear2{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} Use[r,l,f,y] = UseSnapshot[r,f,y];
s.t. EBb3_EnergyBalanceEachYear3{r in REGION, rr in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} Trade[r,rr,l,f,y] = TradeSnapshot[r,rr,f,y];
s.t. EBb4_EnergyBalanceEachYear4{r in REGION, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: ProductionSnapshot[r,f,y] >= UseSnapshot[r,f,y] + sum{rr in REGION} TradeSnapshot[r,rr,f,y]*TradeRoute[r,rr,f,y] + AccumulatedAnnualDemand[r,f,y];
#
#########        	Accounting Technology Production/Use	#############
#
s.t. Acc1_FuelProductionByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: RateOfProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] * YearSplit[l,y] = ProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y];
s.t. Acc2_FuelUseByTechnology{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: RateOfUseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] * YearSplit[l,y] = UseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y];
s.t. Acc3_AverageAnnualRateOfActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = TotalSnapshotTechnologyActivityByMode[r,t,m,y];
s.t. Acc4_ModelPeriodCostByRegion{r in REGION}:sum{y in YEAR}TotalDiscountedCost[r,y] = ModelPeriodCostByRegion[r];
#
#########        	Storage Equations			#############
#
s.t. S1_RateOfStorageCharge{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, l in TIMESLICE:TechnologyToStorage[r,t,s,m]>0} RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y] * TechnologyToStorage[r,t,s,m] * Conversionls[l,ls] * Conversionld[l,ld] * Conversionlh[l,lh] = RateOfStorageCharge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y];
s.t. S2_RateOfStorageDischarge{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, l in TIMESLICE:TechnologyFromStorage[r,t,s,m]>0} RateOfActivity[r,l,t,m,y] * TechnologyFromStorage[r,t,s,m] * Conversionls[l,ls] * Conversionld[l,ld] * Conversionlh[l,lh] = RateOfStorageDischarge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y];
s.t. S3_NetChargeWithinYear{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE:Conversionls[l,ls]>0&&Conversionld[l,ld]>0&&Conversionlh[l,lh]>0}  (RateOfStorageCharge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y] - RateOfStorageDischarge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y]) * YearSplit[l,y] * Conversionls[l,ls] * Conversionld[l,ld] * Conversionlh[l,lh] = NetChargeWithinYear[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y];
s.t. S4_NetChargeWithinDay{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: (RateOfStorageCharge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y] - RateOfStorageDischarge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y]) * DaySplit[lh,y] = NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y];
s.t. S5_and_S6_StorageLevelYearStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: if y = min{yy in YEAR} min(yy) then StorageLevelStart[r,s] 
																	else StorageLevelYearStart[r,s,y-5] + sum{ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET} NetChargeWithinYear[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y-5]
																	= StorageLevelYearStart[r,s,y];
s.t. S7_and_S8_StorageLevelYearFinish{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: if y < max{yy in YEAR} max(yy) then StorageLevelYearStart[r,s,y+5]
																	else StorageLevelYearStart[r,s,y] + sum{ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET} NetChargeWithinYear[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y] 
																	= StorageLevelYearFinish[r,s,y];	
s.t. S9_and_S10_StorageLevelSeasonStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, y in YEAR}: if ls = min{lsls in SEASON} min(lsls) then StorageLevelYearStart[r,s,y] 
																	else StorageLevelSeasonStart[r,s,ls-1,y] + sum{ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET} NetChargeWithinYear[r,s,ls-1,ld,lh,y] 
																	= StorageLevelSeasonStart[r,s,ls,y];
s.t. S11_and_S12_StorageLevelDayTypeStart{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, y in YEAR}: if ld = min{ldld in DAYTYPE} min(ldld) then StorageLevelSeasonStart[r,s,ls,y] 
																	else StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld-1,y] + sum{lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld-1,lh,y] * DaysInDayType[ls,ld-1,y]
																	= StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld,y];
s.t. S13_and_S14_and_S15_StorageLevelDayTypeFinish{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, y in YEAR}:	if ls = max{lsls in SEASON} max(lsls) && ld = max{ldld in DAYTYPE} max(ldld) then StorageLevelYearFinish[r,s,y] 
																	else if ld = max{ldld in DAYTYPE} max(ldld) then StorageLevelSeasonStart[r,s,ls+1,y]
																	else StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld+1,y] - sum{lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld+1,lh,y] * DaysInDayType[ls,ld+1,y]
																	= StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld,y];	
#
##########		Storage Constraints				#############
#																	
s.t. SC1_LowerLimit_BeginningOfDailyTimeBracketOfFirstInstanceOfDayTypeInFirstWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: 0 <= (StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld,y]+sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh>0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageLowerLimit[r,s,y];								
s.t. SC1_UpperLimit_BeginningOfDailyTimeBracketOfFirstInstanceOfDayTypeInFirstWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: (StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld,y]+sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh>0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y] <= 0;								
s.t. SC2_LowerLimit_EndOfDailyTimeBracketOfLastInstanceOfDayTypeInFirstWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: 0 <= if ld > min{ldld in DAYTYPE} min(ldld) then (StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld,y]-sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh<0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld-1,lhlh,y])-StorageLowerLimit[r,s,y];																										
s.t. SC2_UpperLimit_EndOfDailyTimeBracketOfLastInstanceOfDayTypeInFirstWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: if ld > min{ldld in DAYTYPE} min(ldld) then (StorageLevelDayTypeStart[r,s,ls,ld,y]-sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh<0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld-1,lhlh,y])-StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y] <= 0;					
s.t. SC3_LowerLimit_EndOfDailyTimeBracketOfLastInstanceOfDayTypeInLastWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}:  0 <= (StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld,y] - sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh<0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageLowerLimit[r,s,y];																										
s.t. SC3_UpperLimit_EndOfDailyTimeBracketOfLastInstanceOfDayTypeInLastWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}:  (StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld,y] - sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh<0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y] <= 0;
s.t. SC4_LowerLimit_BeginningOfDailyTimeBracketOfFirstInstanceOfDayTypeInLastWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: 	0 <= if ld > min{ldld in DAYTYPE} min(ldld) then (StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld-1,y]+sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh>0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageLowerLimit[r,s,y];
s.t. SC4_UpperLimit_BeginningOfDailyTimeBracketOfFirstInstanceOfDayTypeInLastWeekConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: if ld > min{ldld in DAYTYPE} min(ldld) then (StorageLevelDayTypeFinish[r,s,ls,ld-1,y]+sum{lhlh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET:lh-lhlh>0} NetChargeWithinDay[r,s,ls,ld,lhlh,y])-StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y] <= 0;										
s.t. SC5_MaxChargeConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: RateOfStorageCharge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y] <= StorageMaxChargeRate[r,s];
s.t. SC6_MaxDischargeConstraint{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, ls in SEASON, ld in DAYTYPE, lh in DAILYTIMEBRACKET, y in YEAR}: RateOfStorageDischarge[r,s,ls,ld,lh,y] <= StorageMaxDischargeRate[r,s];
#
#########		Storage Investments				#############
#
s.t. SI1_StorageUpperLimit{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: AccumulatedNewStorageCapacity[r,s,y]+ResidualStorageCapacity[r,s,y] = StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y];
s.t. SI2_StorageLowerLimit{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: MinStorageCharge[r,s,y]*StorageUpperLimit[r,s,y] = StorageLowerLimit[r,s,y];
s.t. SI3_TotalNewStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: sum{yy in YEAR: y-yy < OperationalLifeStorage[r,s] && y-yy>=0} NewStorageCapacity[r,s,yy]=AccumulatedNewStorageCapacity[r,s,y];
s.t. SI4_UndiscountedCapitalInvestmentStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: CapitalCostStorage[r,s,y] * NewStorageCapacity[r,s,y] = CapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI5_DiscountingCapitalInvestmentStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: CapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(y-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy))) = DiscountedCapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI6_SalvageValueStorageAtEndOfPeriod1{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR: (y+OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]-1) <= (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy))}: 0 = SalvageValueStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI7_SalvageValueStorageAtEndOfPeriod2{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR: (DepreciationMethod[r]=1 && (y+OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)) && DiscountRate[r]=0) || (DepreciationMethod[r]=2 && (y+OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)))}: CapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y]*(1-(max{yy in YEAR} max(yy) - y+1)/OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]) = SalvageValueStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI8_SalvageValueStorageAtEndOfPeriod3{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR: DepreciationMethod[r]=1 && (y+OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)) && DiscountRate[r]>0}: CapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y]*(1-(((1+DiscountRate[r])^(max{yy in YEAR} max(yy) - y+1)-1)/((1+DiscountRate[r])^OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]-1))) = SalvageValueStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI9_SalvageValueStorageDiscountedToStartYear{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: SalvageValueStorage[r,s,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy)+1)) = DiscountedSalvageValueStorage[r,s,y];
s.t. SI10_TotalDiscountedCostByStorage{r in REGION, s in STORAGE, y in YEAR}: DiscountedCapitalInvestmentStorage[r,s,y]-DiscountedSalvageValueStorage[r,s,y] = TotalDiscountedStorageCost[r,s,y];
#
#########       	Capital Costs 		     	#############
#
s.t. CC1_UndiscountedCapitalInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: CapitalCost[r,t,y] * NewCapacity[r,t,y] = CapitalInvestment[r,t,y];
s.t. CC2_DiscountingCapitalInvestment{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: CapitalInvestment[r,t,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(y-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy))) = DiscountedCapitalInvestment[r,t,y];
#
#########           Salvage Value            	#############
#
s.t. SV1_SalvageValueAtEndOfPeriod1{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: DepreciationMethod[r]=1 && (y + OperationalLife[r,t]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)) && DiscountRate[r]>0}: SalvageValue[r,t,y] = CapitalCost[r,t,y]*NewCapacity[r,t,y]*(1-(((1+DiscountRate[r])^(max{yy in YEAR} max(yy) - y+1)-1)/((1+DiscountRate[r])^OperationalLife[r,t]-1))); 
s.t. SV2_SalvageValueAtEndOfPeriod2{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: (DepreciationMethod[r]=1 && (y + OperationalLife[r,t]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)) && DiscountRate[r]=0) || (DepreciationMethod[r]=2 && (y + OperationalLife[r,t]-1) > (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)))}: SalvageValue[r,t,y] = CapitalCost[r,t,y]*NewCapacity[r,t,y]*(1-(max{yy in YEAR} max(yy) - y+1)/OperationalLife[r,t]); 
s.t. SV3_SalvageValueAtEndOfPeriod3{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: (y + OperationalLife[r,t]-1) <= (max{yy in YEAR} max(yy))}: SalvageValue[r,t,y] = 0;
s.t. SV4_SalvageValueDiscountedToStartYear{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: DiscountedSalvageValue[r,t,y] = SalvageValue[r,t,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(1+max{yy in YEAR} max(yy)-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy)));
#
#########        	Operating Costs 		 	#############
#
s.t. OC1_OperatingCostsVariable{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}: sum{m in MODE_OF_OPERATION} TotalSnapshotTechnologyActivityByMode[r,t,m,y]*VariableCost[r,t,m,y] = SnapshotVariableOperatingCost[r,t,y];
s.t. OC2_OperatingCostsFixedAnnual{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y]*FixedCost[r,t,y] = AnnualFixedOperatingCost[r,t,y];
s.t. OC3_OperatingCostsTotalAnnual{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: AnnualFixedOperatingCost[r,t,y]+SnapshotVariableOperatingCost[r,t,y] = OperatingCost[r,t,y];
s.t. OC4_DiscountedOperatingCostsTotalAnnual{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: OperatingCost[r,t,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(y-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy)+0.5)) = DiscountedOperatingCost[r,t,y];
#
#########       	Total Discounted Costs	 	#############
#
s.t. TDC1_TotalDiscountedCostByTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: DiscountedOperatingCost[r,t,y]+DiscountedCapitalInvestment[r,t,y]+DiscountedTechnologyEmissionsPenalty[r,t,y]-DiscountedSalvageValue[r,t,y] = TotalDiscountedCostByTechnology[r,t,y];
s.t. TDC2_TotalDiscountedCost{r in REGION, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY} TotalDiscountedCostByTechnology[r,t,y]+sum{s in STORAGE} TotalDiscountedStorageCost[r,s,y] = TotalDiscountedCost[r,y];
#
#########      		Total Capacity Constraints 	##############
#
s.t. TCC1_TotalAnnualMaxCapacityConstraint{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y] <= TotalAnnualMaxCapacity[r,t,y];
s.t. TCC2_TotalAnnualMinCapacityConstraint{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: TotalAnnualMinCapacity[r,t,y]>0}: TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y] >= TotalAnnualMinCapacity[r,t,y];
#
#########    		New Capacity Constraints  	##############
#
s.t. NCC1_TotalAnnualMaxNewCapacityConstraint{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: NewCapacity[r,t,y] <= TotalAnnualMaxCapacityInvestment[r,t,y];
s.t. NCC2_TotalAnnualMinNewCapacityConstraint{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: TotalAnnualMinCapacityInvestment[r,t,y]>0}: NewCapacity[r,t,y] >= TotalAnnualMinCapacityInvestment[r,t,y];
#
#########   		Annual Activity Constraints	##############
#
s.t. AAC1_TotalAnnualTechnologyActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} RateOfTotalActivity[r,t,l,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = TotalTechnologySnapshotActivity[r,t,y];
s.t. AAC2_TotalAnnualTechnologyActivityUpperLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: TotalTechnologySnapshotActivity[r,t,y] <= TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityUpperLimit[r,t,y] ;
s.t. AAC3_TotalAnnualTechnologyActivityLowerLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR: TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityLowerLimit[r,t,y]>0}: TotalTechnologySnapshotActivity[r,t,y] >= TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityLowerLimit[r,t,y] ;
#
#########    		Total Activity Constraints 	##############
#
s.t. TAC1_TotalModelHorizonTechnologyActivity{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY}: sum{y in YEAR} TotalTechnologySnapshotActivity[r,t,y] = TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivity[r,t];
s.t. TAC2_TotalModelHorizonTechnologyActivityUpperLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY: TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityUpperLimit[r,t]>0}: TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivity[r,t] <= TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityUpperLimit[r,t] ;
s.t. TAC3_TotalModelHorizenTechnologyActivityLowerLimit{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY: TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityLowerLimit[r,t]>0}: TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivity[r,t] >= TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityLowerLimit[r,t] ;
#
#########   		Reserve Margin Constraint	############## NTS: Should change demand for production
#
s.t. RM1_ReserveMargin_TechnologiesIncluded_In_Activity_Units{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}: sum {t in TECHNOLOGY} TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y] * ReserveMarginTagTechnology[r,t,y] * CapacityToActivityUnit[r,t]	 = 	TotalCapacityInReserveMargin[r,y];
s.t. RM2_ReserveMargin_FuelsIncluded{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}: sum {f in FUEL} RateOfProduction[r,l,f,y] * ReserveMarginTagFuel[r,f,y] = DemandNeedingReserveMargin[r,l,y];
s.t. RM3_ReserveMargin_Constraint{r in REGION, l in TIMESLICE, y in YEAR}: DemandNeedingReserveMargin[r,l,y] * ReserveMargin[r,y]<= TotalCapacityInReserveMargin[r,y];
#
#########   		RE Production Target		############## NTS: Should change demand for production
#
s.t. RE1_FuelProductionByTechnologySnapshot{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} ProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] = ProductionByTechnologySnapshot[r,t,f,y];
s.t. RE2_TechIncluded{r in REGION, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL} ProductionByTechnologySnapshot[r,t,f,y]*RETagTechnology[r,t,y] = TotalREProductionSnapshot[r,y];
s.t. RE3_FuelIncluded{r in REGION, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE, f in FUEL} RateOfDemand[r,l,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y]*RETagFuel[r,f,y] = RETotalDemandOfTargetFuelAnnual[r,y]; 
s.t. RE4_EnergyConstraint{r in REGION, y in YEAR}:REMinProductionTarget[r,y]*RETotalDemandOfTargetFuelAnnual[r,y] <= TotalREProductionSnapshot[r,y];
s.t. RE5_FuelUseByTechnologySnapshot{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, f in FUEL, y in YEAR}: sum{l in TIMESLICE} RateOfUseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y] = UseByTechnologySnapshot[r,t,f,y];
#
#########   		Emissions Accounting		##############
#
s.t. E1_AnnualEmissionProductionByMode{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, m in MODE_OF_OPERATION, y in YEAR: EmissionActivityRatio[r,t,e,m,y]<>0}: EmissionActivityRatio[r,t,e,m,y]*TotalSnapshotTechnologyActivityByMode[r,t,m,y]=SnapshotTechnologyEmissionByMode[r,t,e,m,y];
s.t. E2_AnnualEmissionProduction{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}: sum{m in MODE_OF_OPERATION} SnapshotTechnologyEmissionByMode[r,t,e,m,y] = SnapshotTechnologyEmission[r,t,e,y];
s.t. E3_EmissionsPenaltyByTechAndEmission{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}: SnapshotTechnologyEmission[r,t,e,y]*EmissionsPenalty[r,e,y] = SnapshotTechnologyEmissionPenaltyByEmission[r,t,e,y];
s.t. E4_EmissionsPenaltyByTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: sum{e in EMISSION} SnapshotTechnologyEmissionPenaltyByEmission[r,t,e,y] = SnapshotTechnologyEmissionsPenalty[r,t,y];
s.t. E5_DiscountedEmissionsPenaltyByTechnology{r in REGION, t in TECHNOLOGY, y in YEAR}: SnapshotTechnologyEmissionsPenalty[r,t,y]/((1+DiscountRate[r])^(y-min{yy in YEAR} min(yy)+0.5)) = DiscountedTechnologyEmissionsPenalty[r,t,y];
s.t. E6_EmissionsAccounting1{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}: sum{t in TECHNOLOGY} SnapshotTechnologyEmission[r,t,e,y] = SnapshotEmissions[r,e,y];
s.t. E7_EmissionsAccounting2{r in REGION, e in EMISSION}: sum{y in YEAR} SnapshotEmissions[r,e,y] = ModelPeriodEmissions[r,e]- ModelPeriodExogenousEmission[r,e];
s.t. E8_SnapshotEmissionsLimit{r in REGION, e in EMISSION, y in YEAR}: SnapshotEmissions[r,e,y]+AnnualExogenousEmission[r,e,y] <= AnnualEmissionLimit[r,e,y];
s.t. E9_ModelPeriodEmissionsLimit{r in REGION, e in EMISSION}: ModelPeriodEmissions[r,e] <= ModelPeriodEmissionLimit[r,e] ;
#
###########################################################################################
#
solve;
#
#########################################################################################################
#																										#
# 	Summary results tables below are printed to a comma-separated file called "SelectedResults.csv"		#
#	For a full set of results please see "Results.txt"													#
#	If you don't want these printed, please comment-out or delete them.									#
#																										#
#########################################################################################################
#
#	table result{(f,t) in s} OUT "...": f~FROM, t~TO, x[f,t]~FLOW;
#	table result{y in YEAR, r in REGION} OUT "CSV" "Output.csv": y~YEARS, r~REGION, TotalDiscountedCost[y,r];
#
####	Summary results 	###
#
###		Total costs and emissions by region	###
#
printf "\n" > "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Summary" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} 	{printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Emissions" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} 	{
					for {e in EMISSION} 	{
											printf ",%s", e >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											printf ",%g", ModelPeriodEmissions[r,e] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											}
					}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Cost" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%g", ModelPeriodCostByRegion[r] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
#
### 	Time Independent demand	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Time Independent Demand" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {r in REGION} 	{printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {f in FUEL} {printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										printf ",%s", f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for {y in YEAR } 	{
															printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															printf ",%g", AccumulatedAnnualDemand[r,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
											}
						}
#
### 	Time Dependent demand	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Time Dependent Demand (Energy Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {f in FUEL} {printf ",%s", f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for {l in TIMESLICE}	{
																printf ",%s", l >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																}
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for {y in YEAR } 	{
															printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															for { l in TIMESLICE} 	{
																					printf ",%g", RateOfDemand[r,l,f,y]*YearSplit[l,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																					}
															printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
										}
						}
#
### 	Time Dependent production ###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Time Dependent Production (Energy Units) Test" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {f in FUEL} {printf ",%s", f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for {l in TIMESLICE}	{
																printf ",%s", l >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																}
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for {y in YEAR } 	{
															printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															for { l in TIMESLICE} 	{
																					printf ",%g", Production[r,l,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																					}
															printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
										}
						}
#
####	Total Annual Capacity	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "TotalAnnualCapacity (Capacity Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION}	{
		for { y in YEAR } {
							printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
							for { t in TECHNOLOGY } {
													printf ",%g", TotalCapacityAnnual[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
													}
							printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
							}
					}
#
####	New Annual Capacity	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "NewCapacity (Capacity Units )" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} 	{printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION}	{
					for { y in YEAR } 	{
										printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 	{
																	printf ",%g", NewCapacity[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																	}
										printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
										}
					}
#
### Snapshot Production ###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Snapshot Production (Energy Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} 	{printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {t in TECHNOLOGY} 	{printf "%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {f in FUEL}{printf",%s",f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
											printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {y in YEAR } 	{
																printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																for {f in FUEL}{
																				printf ",%g", ProductionByTechnologySnapshot[r,t,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																				}
																printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																}
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											}
					}
#
### Snapshot Use ###
#
printf "Snapshot Use (Energy Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {t in TECHNOLOGY} 	{printf "%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {f in FUEL}{printf",%s",f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
											printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {y in YEAR } 	{
																printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																for {f in FUEL}{
																				printf ",%g", UseByTechnologySnapshot[r,t,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																				}
																printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																}
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											}
					}
#
###		Technology Production in each TS ###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "ProductionByTechnology (Energy Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf "%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {f in FUEL}{printf",%s",f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {l in TIMESLICE}{
							printf ",%s", l >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						}
					}
					printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {y in YEAR } {
						printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {f in FUEL}{printf "," >> "SelectedResults.csv";
							for { l in TIMESLICE} {
										printf ",%g", ProductionByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
								}
						}
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					}
	}
}
#
###		Technology Use in each TS	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Use By Technology (Energy Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf "%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {f in FUEL}{printf",%s",f >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {l in TIMESLICE}{
							printf ",%s", l >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						}
					}
					printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {y in YEAR } {
						printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {f in FUEL}{printf "," >> "SelectedResults.csv";
							for { l in TIMESLICE} {
										printf ",%g", UseByTechnology[r,l,t,f,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
								}
						}
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					}
	}
}
#
###		Total Snapshot Emissions	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Snapshot Emissions (Emissions Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
	for {r in REGION} 	{printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
						for {e in EMISSION} 	{printf ",%s", e >> "SelectedResults.csv";
												printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
												printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
												for {y in YEAR } 	{
																	printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																	printf ",%g", SnapshotEmissions[r,e,y]>> "SelectedResults.csv";
																	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																	}
												}
						}
#
### Snapshot Emissions by Technology ###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "Snapshot Emissions by Technology (Emissions Units)" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
					for {t in TECHNOLOGY} 	{printf "%s", t >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {e in EMISSION}{printf",%s",e >> "SelectedResults.csv";
															}
											printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											for {y in YEAR } 	{
																printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																for {e in EMISSION}{
																				printf ",%g", SnapshotTechnologyEmission[r,t,e,y] >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																				}
																printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
																}
						printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults.csv";
											}
					}		


#### 	Selected Economic Results ####
# 		This section has been added by N. Wulff during his Master Thesis at 2017-07-26 to gain a better overview into economic outputs 
#		of the model runs. 



#
####	Total Cost	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Model Period Cost by Region (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%g", ModelPeriodCostByRegion[r] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}

#
####	Total Discounted Cost By Year and Region	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Snapshot Cost by Region (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION} {printf ",%s", r >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {y in YEAR} 
{
	printf "%g,", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	for {r in REGION} 
	{
		printf "%g,", TotalDiscountedCost[r,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
	printf "\n", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
}

#
####	Snapshot Discounted Cost By Region By Technology 	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Snapshot Discounted Cost in Power Plants By Region, Year and Technology (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	printf "%s", r >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	for {t in TECHNOLOGY} 
	{
		printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
		{
			printf ",%g", TotalDiscountedCostByTechnology[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		}
		printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}



#
####	Snapshot Capacity Investment	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Capital Investment in Power Plants (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
		{
			printf ",%g", CapitalInvestment[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		}
		printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}


#
####	Discounted Snapshot Capacity Investment	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Discounted Capital Investment in Power Plants (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
		{
			printf ",%g", DiscountedCapitalInvestment[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		}
		printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}



#
####	Operating Cost	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Operating Cost of Power Plants (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
	{
	printf ",%g", OperatingCost[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
	printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}

#
####	Discounted Operating Cost	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Discounted Operating Cost of Power Plants (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
		{
			printf ",%g", DiscountedOperatingCost[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		}
		printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}

#
####	Discounted Salvage Value	###
#
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "Discounted Salvage Value of Power Plants (Monetary Units)" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {t in TECHNOLOGY} {printf ",%s", t >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";}
printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
for {r in REGION}	
{
	for { y in YEAR } 
	{
		printf "%g", y >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		for { t in TECHNOLOGY } 
		{
			printf ",%g", DiscountedSalvageValue[r,t,y] >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
		}
		printf "\n" >> "SelectedResults_Economic.csv";
	}
}


end;