diff --git a/zebra-test/src/mock_service.rs b/zebra-test/src/mock_service.rs
index 21debf97c13..92160a39f42 100644
--- a/zebra-test/src/mock_service.rs
+++ b/zebra-test/src/mock_service.rs
@@ -740,7 +740,9 @@ impl<Request, Response, Error> ResponseSender<Request, Response, Error> {
     /// This method takes ownership of the [`ResponseSender`] so that only one response can be
     /// sent.
     ///
-    /// If `respond` or `respond_with` are not called, the caller will panic.
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If one of the `respond*` methods isn't called, the caller will panic.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -789,7 +791,9 @@ impl<Request, Response, Error> ResponseSender<Request, Response, Error> {
     /// This method takes ownership of the [`ResponseSender`] so that only one response can be
     /// sent.
     ///
-    /// If `respond` or `respond_with` are not called, the caller will panic.
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If one of the `respond*` methods isn't called, the caller will panic.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -834,6 +838,106 @@ impl<Request, Response, Error> ResponseSender<Request, Response, Error> {
         let response_result = response_fn(self.request()).into_result();
         let _ = self.response_sender.send(response_result);
     }
+
+    /// Respond to the request using a fixed error value.
+    ///
+    /// The `error` must be the `Error` type. This helps avoid type resolution issues in the
+    /// compiler.
+    ///
+    /// This method takes ownership of the [`ResponseSender`] so that only one response can be
+    /// sent.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If one of the `respond*` methods isn't called, the caller will panic.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use zebra_test::mock_service::MockService;
+    /// # use tower::{Service, ServiceExt};
+    /// #
+    /// # let reactor = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+    /// #     .enable_all()
+    /// #     .build()
+    /// #     .expect("Failed to build Tokio runtime");
+    /// #
+    /// # reactor.block_on(async {
+    /// // Mock a service with a `String` as the service `Error` type.
+    /// let mut mock_service: MockService<_, _, _, String> =
+    ///     MockService::build().for_unit_tests();
+    ///
+    /// # let mut service = mock_service.clone();
+    /// # let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+    /// #     let first_call_result = (&mut service).oneshot(1).await;
+    /// #     let second_call_result = service.oneshot(1).await;
+    /// #
+    /// #     (first_call_result, second_call_result)
+    /// # });
+    /// #
+    /// mock_service
+    ///     .expect_request(1)
+    ///     .await
+    ///     .respond_error("Duplicate request");
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn respond_error(self, error: Error) {
+        // TODO: impl ResponseResult for BoxError/Error trait when overlapping impls are
+        //       better supported by the compiler
+        let _ = self.response_sender.send(Err(error));
+    }
+
+    /// Respond to the request by calculating an error from the request.
+    ///
+    /// The `error` must be the `Error` type. This helps avoid type resolution issues in the
+    /// compiler.
+    ///
+    /// This method takes ownership of the [`ResponseSender`] so that only one response can be
+    /// sent.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If one of the `respond*` methods isn't called, the caller will panic.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use zebra_test::mock_service::MockService;
+    /// # use tower::{Service, ServiceExt};
+    /// #
+    /// # let reactor = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+    /// #     .enable_all()
+    /// #     .build()
+    /// #     .expect("Failed to build Tokio runtime");
+    /// #
+    /// # reactor.block_on(async {
+    /// // Mock a service with a `String` as the service `Error` type.
+    /// let mut mock_service: MockService<_, _, _, String> =
+    ///     MockService::build().for_unit_tests();
+    ///
+    /// # let mut service = mock_service.clone();
+    /// # let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+    /// #     let first_call_result = (&mut service).oneshot(1).await;
+    /// #     let second_call_result = service.oneshot(1).await;
+    /// #
+    /// #     (first_call_result, second_call_result)
+    /// # });
+    /// #
+    /// mock_service
+    ///     .expect_request(1)
+    ///     .await
+    ///     .respond_with_error(|req| format!("Duplicate request: {}", req));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn respond_with_error<F>(self, response_fn: F)
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&Request) -> Error,
+    {
+        // TODO: impl ResponseResult for BoxError/Error trait when overlapping impls are
+        //       better supported by the compiler
+        let response_result = Err(response_fn(self.request()));
+        let _ = self.response_sender.send(response_result);
+    }
 }
 
 /// A representation of an assertion type.