CacheSizeTest.ipynb

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  "metadata": {
    "colab": {
      "name": "CacheSizeTest.ipynb",
      "provenance": [],
      "collapsed_sections": [],
      "include_colab_link": true
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "name": "python"
    }
  },
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/kobi3028/AttacksonImplementationsCourseBook/blob/master/CacheSizeTest.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ppggj5pgO39v"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Cache size test\n",
        "\n",
        "This cache size test described by [Henry Wong on his blog](https://blog.stuffedcow.net/2013/01/ivb-cache-replacement/).\n",
        "\n",
        "The access pattern used in the test is a random cyclic permutation, where each cache line (64 bytes) in an array is accessed exactly once in a random order before the sequence repeats. Each access is data-dependent so this measures the full access latency (not bandwidth) of the cache.\n",
        "\n",
        "The ***cache size test*** can run on google colab or on private computer, in case the test will run on google colab the test will measure google server cache size \n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UtJkliadhdWo",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "d2a287a0-7c32-4667-d429-d51649c4f13d"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Open the file in google colab https://colab.research.google.com/github/Yossioren/AttacksonImplementationsCourseBook/blob/master/Labs/CacheSizeTest.ipynb\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "from scipy import stats\n",
        "\n",
        "!pip install -q bokeh\n",
        "from bokeh.plotting import figure, show\n",
        "from bokeh.models import Range1d\n",
        "from bokeh.io import output_notebook\n",
        "from bokeh.models.tickers import FixedTicker\n",
        "from bokeh.models.formatters import PrintfTickFormatter\n",
        "# Call once to configure Bokeh to display plots inline in the notebook.\n",
        "output_notebook()\n",
        "\n",
        "import mmap\n",
        "import time\n",
        "import gc\n",
        "\n",
        "import ctypes\n",
        "!pip install -q keystone-engine\n",
        "from keystone import *\n",
        "\n",
        "ks = Ks(KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_64)\n",
        "\n",
        "STACK_SPACE = 0x1000"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
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            "\u001b[?25h"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xQkl6PsiN6IB"
      },
      "source": [
        "##Script parameters\n",
        "NUM_READ - number of random array accesses  \n",
        "\n",
        "NUM_TEST - test every array size NUM_TEST times \n",
        "\n",
        "ARRAY_SIZE_POWER - size of the array for random access 2^(ARRAY_SIZE_POWER) KBytes\n",
        "\n",
        "ASM_BLOCK_SIZE - data-dependent access operation block size"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LMQvCfz8OT8h"
      },
      "source": [
        "NUM_READ = (1<<20)    # number of random array accesses  \n",
        "NUM_TEST = 0x10       # test every array size NUM_TEST times\n",
        "ARRAY_SIZE_POWER = 23 # size of the array for random access (2^(10+ARRAY_SIZE_POWER))\n",
        "ASM_BLOCK_SIZE = 128  # data-dependent access operation "
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Jj1_oIl3diOJ"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Loads the current value of the processor's time-stamp counter into the RDX:RAX registers.\n",
        "rdtsc_asm = '''\n",
        "rdtsc\n",
        "shl rdx, 32\n",
        "or  rax, rdx\n",
        "ret\n",
        "'''\n",
        "byte_code, count = ks.asm(rdtsc_asm)\n",
        "assert count == 5\n",
        "\n",
        "#allocate memory\n",
        "rdtsc_buf = mmap.mmap(-1, mmap.PAGESIZE, prot=mmap.PROT_READ | mmap.PROT_WRITE | mmap.PROT_EXEC)\n",
        "rdtsc_buf.write(bytes(byte_code))\n",
        "\n",
        "#convert to function\n",
        "fpointer = ctypes.c_void_p.from_buffer(rdtsc_buf)\n",
        "func_type = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_uint64)\n",
        "rdtsc = ctypes.cast(ctypes.addressof(fpointer), func_type)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BwfnOVI1hKrR",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "d51dd015-877a-47bd-e6c7-a378936cad88"
      },
      "source": [
        "#alloc read write execute memory\n",
        "fbuf_size = mmap.PAGESIZE*0x100\n",
        "fbuf = mmap.mmap(-1, fbuf_size, prot=mmap.PROT_READ | mmap.PROT_WRITE | mmap.PROT_EXEC)\n",
        "\n",
        "fpointer = ctypes.c_void_p.from_buffer(fbuf)\n",
        "fpointer_address = ctypes.addressof(fpointer)\n",
        "print('machine code buf address:', hex(fpointer_address))"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "machine code buf address: 0x7f5f1d732000\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FbhzANk-h1UO"
      },
      "source": [
        "# The function execute in loop \n",
        "# dereferencing dpointer_address and jumping to the value \n",
        "# the value is random address (index) of the data buffer \n",
        "#\n",
        "# Pseudo code of the assembly:\n",
        "# p = dpointer_address\n",
        "# ITS = NUM_READ/ASM_BLOCK_SIZE \n",
        "# for (int i=ITS;i;i--)\n",
        "# {\n",
        "#\t  p = *(void**)p;\n",
        "#\t  p = *(void**)p;\n",
        "#   ...\n",
        "#   ASM_BLOCK_SIZE\n",
        "#   ...\n",
        "#\t  p = *(void**)p;\n",
        "# }\n",
        "\n",
        "def make_routine(dpointer_address, asm_its):\n",
        "\n",
        "  p1 = dpointer_address \n",
        "\n",
        "  #assemble intel assembly to intel x86_64 CPU byte code\n",
        "  code = b''\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'xchg   ax,ax')[0])*8\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   rbx')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   rbp')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   rsi')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   rdi')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   r8')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'push   r9')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm(f'sub    rsp,{STACK_SPACE}')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'xor    r8d, r8d')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'lea    r9,[rsp]')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm(f'movabs rcx,{p1}')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm(f'movabs rax,{asm_its}')[0]) #counter\n",
        "\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    rbx,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    rbp,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    rsi,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    rdi,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r8, 0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r9, 0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r10,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r11,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r12,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r13,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r14,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub    r15,0x0')[0])\n",
        "  #padd\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'nop')[0])*(len(code)%0x10)\n",
        "\n",
        "  loop_start = len(code)\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'mov    rcx,QWORD PTR [rcx]')[0])*ASM_BLOCK_SIZE\n",
        "  \n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'sub   eax, 0x1')[0]) #dec counter\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm(f'jne   {loop_start - len(code) - 4}')[0]) #loop if eax != 0 \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'xchg  ax, ax')[0])*8\n",
        "\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm(f'add   rsp,{STACK_SPACE}')[0])\n",
        "\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   r9')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   r8')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   rdi')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   rsi')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   rbp')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'pop   rbx')[0])\n",
        "\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'emms')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'ret')[0])\n",
        "  code += bytes(ks.asm( 'nop')[0])*(mmap.PAGESIZE - (len(code) % mmap.PAGESIZE)) #pad byte code with nops\n",
        "  return code"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9rXJbdcdYU1j"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Data buf initialization\n",
        "# every qword will contain a random address of a cell from the data buf\n",
        "\n",
        "def init_dbuf(dbuf_size):\n",
        "  size = dbuf_size//8\n",
        "  dbuf = np.arange(start=0, stop=size, dtype=np.uint64)\n",
        "  np.random.shuffle(dbuf)\n",
        "\n",
        "  dpointer = ctypes.c_void_p.from_buffer(dbuf)\n",
        "  dpointer_address = ctypes.addressof(dpointer)\n",
        "\n",
        "  f = lambda x :  dpointer_address + (x * 8)\n",
        "  copy = f(dbuf)\n",
        "  dbuf[:] = copy\n",
        "  \n",
        "  del copy\n",
        "  return dpointer_address, dbuf"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jWpZSUcDiHCE",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "ea410660-da9a-4881-fb45-7c8615d7c189"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Time measurement of cyclic access to the data buffer \n",
        "\n",
        "MAP_HUGETLB = 0x40000\n",
        "MAP_POPULATE = 0x08000\n",
        "\n",
        "res_arr = {}\n",
        "\n",
        "for i in range(ARRAY_SIZE_POWER):\n",
        "  length = (1<<(i+10))\n",
        "  res_arr[length] = []\n",
        "  \n",
        "  dpointer_address, dbuf = init_dbuf(length)  \n",
        "\n",
        "  routine_code = make_routine(dpointer_address, NUM_READ//ASM_BLOCK_SIZE)\n",
        "  fbuf.write(routine_code)\n",
        "\n",
        "  #convert byte code to python function \n",
        "  routine_pointer = ctypes.c_void_p.from_buffer(fbuf)\n",
        "  routine_type = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int)\n",
        "  routine = ctypes.cast(ctypes.addressof(routine_pointer), routine_type)\n",
        "    \n",
        "  time.sleep(1)\n",
        "  for i in range(NUM_TEST):\n",
        "    start = rdtsc()\n",
        "    routine()\n",
        "    end = rdtsc() - start  \n",
        "    \n",
        "    #Save the average time\n",
        "    res_arr[length].append(float(end)/NUM_READ)\n",
        "  \n",
        "  #reset write pointer\n",
        "  fbuf.seek(0)\n",
        "  del dbuf\n",
        "\n",
        "#Print the results\n",
        "for key in res_arr:\n",
        "  print('{0:>#12x}'.format(key), res_arr[key])"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "       0x400 [3.0760679244995117, 3.0159473419189453, 3.019773483276367, 3.0165109634399414, 3.0035104751586914, 3.0829296112060547, 3.023861885070801, 2.9942359924316406, 2.9971752166748047, 3.0277299880981445, 2.9976654052734375, 2.9943628311157227, 3.007328987121582, 2.9955883026123047, 3.0043516159057617, 2.9999589920043945]\n",
            "       0x800 [3.054677963256836, 3.0008668899536133, 3.0188560485839844, 3.023736000061035, 3.031156539916992, 2.9959020614624023, 3.0084686279296875, 2.9976463317871094, 2.986680030822754, 3.004739761352539, 3.0327882766723633, 3.0056495666503906, 3.005143165588379, 3.001357078552246, 2.996108055114746, 2.9979658126831055]\n",
            "      0x1000 [3.0986337661743164, 3.0347986221313477, 3.027632713317871, 4.7032012939453125, 3.4428157806396484, 3.2172670364379883, 3.316682815551758, 3.2250986099243164, 3.1791257858276367, 3.2032203674316406, 3.181851387023926, 3.1200294494628906, 3.217630386352539, 3.4180049896240234, 3.545757293701172, 3.41422176361084]\n",
            "      0x2000 [3.0580739974975586, 3.0061302185058594, 2.9926185607910156, 2.9938783645629883, 3.0182809829711914, 2.989248275756836, 3.0019845962524414, 2.982135772705078, 3.01737117767334, 3.002516746520996, 2.984935760498047, 3.000356674194336, 2.986567497253418, 3.0015525817871094, 2.982842445373535, 3.003084182739258]\n",
            "      0x4000 [3.1073789596557617, 3.0189208984375, 3.0162887573242188, 3.009720802307129, 3.0153560638427734, 3.002969741821289, 3.7410593032836914, 3.3965673446655273, 3.1116580963134766, 3.289057731628418, 3.0384416580200195, 3.061903953552246, 3.0052146911621094, 3.0143136978149414, 2.9982986450195312, 2.9896507263183594]\n",
            "      0x8000 [3.1786365509033203, 3.0326175689697266, 3.0215721130371094, 3.014317512512207, 3.0014333724975586, 3.009251594543457, 3.006776809692383, 3.0486888885498047, 3.012791633605957, 2.99951171875, 3.2291135787963867, 2.9828243255615234, 3.0027456283569336, 3.0085668563842773, 2.9979448318481445, 3.018582344055176]\n",
            "     0x10000 [7.307465553283691, 7.066160202026367, 7.054683685302734, 7.041717529296875, 7.049160957336426, 7.112229347229004, 7.0503339767456055, 7.055660247802734, 7.033734321594238, 7.043304443359375, 8.993599891662598, 7.246161460876465, 7.20108699798584, 7.028975486755371, 7.070437431335449, 9.64537239074707]\n",
            "     0x20000 [12.663247108459473, 10.877962112426758, 8.907906532287598, 8.891805648803711, 8.821843147277832, 8.809285163879395, 9.01004409790039, 8.796520233154297, 8.79069995880127, 8.799657821655273, 8.78696346282959, 8.823789596557617, 8.874604225158691, 8.799052238464355, 8.794605255126953, 8.86678409576416]\n",
            "     0x40000 [10.569725036621094, 9.796571731567383, 9.805241584777832, 9.74130916595459, 9.74267292022705, 9.794731140136719, 9.777968406677246, 9.761357307434082, 10.463394165039062, 9.90572738647461, 10.002955436706543, 9.757081031799316, 9.814931869506836, 9.83134937286377, 9.785467147827148, 9.81639289855957]\n",
            "     0x80000 [15.019460678100586, 13.476496696472168, 13.42469310760498, 13.760910034179688, 13.532118797302246, 13.409289360046387, 13.453375816345215, 13.426012992858887, 13.541446685791016, 19.51194190979004, 13.441887855529785, 13.467479705810547, 13.435029983520508, 13.725125312805176, 13.4291353225708, 13.503945350646973]\n",
            "    0x100000 [21.812541007995605, 20.381571769714355, 18.53997802734375, 18.882718086242676, 20.39999485015869, 20.529050827026367, 18.501683235168457, 18.940874099731445, 18.98407745361328, 18.571510314941406, 18.420827865600586, 18.59252643585205, 20.647696495056152, 19.634273529052734, 19.980813026428223, 19.713770866394043]\n",
            "    0x200000 [17.705158233642578, 16.350672721862793, 16.343393325805664, 16.33678913116455, 16.716373443603516, 16.874881744384766, 16.292014122009277, 16.397789001464844, 16.33357524871826, 16.336859703063965, 16.300336837768555, 17.152018547058105, 16.975687980651855, 16.917545318603516, 16.47650146484375, 16.493983268737793]\n",
            "    0x400000 [52.5486536026001, 41.86950397491455, 42.20524883270264, 42.05449962615967, 42.3897590637207, 41.8980016708374, 41.97191143035889, 41.972272872924805, 41.83363628387451, 42.939595222473145, 42.21430492401123, 44.50220775604248, 42.14636421203613, 44.14298439025879, 43.894020080566406, 44.11455535888672]\n",
            "    0x800000 [74.45056247711182, 57.693129539489746, 46.58831977844238, 47.90439796447754, 47.79271697998047, 47.69129276275635, 51.98322105407715, 52.930728912353516, 49.66954040527344, 48.799224853515625, 49.47074604034424, 49.86522197723389, 47.194851875305176, 50.09878635406494, 48.51683521270752, 46.781911849975586]\n",
            "   0x1000000 [125.93186664581299, 99.07544994354248, 93.52080917358398, 94.7073917388916, 92.41448974609375, 95.94460487365723, 94.20602703094482, 94.3020887374878, 72.20130062103271, 69.53965663909912, 80.25339031219482, 94.23704433441162, 94.84920406341553, 95.10749912261963, 101.8372163772583, 79.55872249603271]\n",
            "   0x2000000 [163.0586338043213, 140.24669361114502, 149.93612480163574, 157.37183094024658, 160.47259902954102, 144.40021800994873, 147.1173553466797, 154.81095695495605, 165.60868167877197, 161.99625778198242, 145.4122896194458, 157.33906841278076, 144.54518222808838, 144.17059326171875, 159.53640842437744, 159.76912021636963]\n",
            "   0x4000000 [184.95074844360352, 181.14611148834229, 178.87391757965088, 178.91662883758545, 177.86327743530273, 178.1376657485962, 177.43220329284668, 176.89487648010254, 180.19689273834229, 177.9273328781128, 178.79734420776367, 182.63441848754883, 177.02591037750244, 177.52182292938232, 174.5240068435669, 176.23786735534668]\n",
            "   0x8000000 [180.5610589981079, 181.711256980896, 179.77246379852295, 179.9869565963745, 185.38999938964844, 182.78585720062256, 180.46439170837402, 186.5943784713745, 182.19802951812744, 179.65806007385254, 180.1755027770996, 180.32824039459229, 180.38716220855713, 181.31797409057617, 181.14062976837158, 179.5273723602295]\n",
            "  0x10000000 [188.69622325897217, 184.1200122833252, 180.7751817703247, 181.52418899536133, 187.12994289398193, 179.82432651519775, 176.34658813476562, 176.67152404785156, 177.7945203781128, 177.97988986968994, 176.3766107559204, 177.19793891906738, 176.98338508605957, 175.2603940963745, 176.24365520477295, 184.95124912261963]\n",
            "  0x20000000 [192.45042419433594, 189.79825401306152, 186.7354221343994, 184.92795372009277, 188.97891521453857, 181.10231399536133, 181.2278594970703, 181.50563621520996, 179.71750831604004, 179.4740982055664, 182.1692771911621, 185.07180213928223, 180.62957572937012, 182.66786670684814, 191.44356155395508, 184.2325563430786]\n",
            "  0x40000000 [184.80904483795166, 183.97075653076172, 183.7555980682373, 183.0282678604126, 185.94079875946045, 193.41387367248535, 186.00759410858154, 187.45714282989502, 184.260892868042, 185.7398853302002, 186.13633251190186, 184.06459522247314, 184.55438327789307, 184.3056516647339, 183.95098876953125, 185.10374355316162]\n",
            "  0x80000000 [190.35236358642578, 190.6782112121582, 193.7276382446289, 192.1883726119995, 192.31784439086914, 191.03143119812012, 196.54537677764893, 194.63035583496094, 194.79986476898193, 191.61054706573486, 191.24853420257568, 192.23069286346436, 191.27352237701416, 190.33973121643066, 188.16305255889893, 189.15279579162598]\n",
            " 0x100000000 [194.02178764343262, 193.20669078826904, 194.31650257110596, 193.660418510437, 193.0469627380371, 197.94711780548096, 193.49666500091553, 195.11918544769287, 195.40261268615723, 192.36519241333008, 192.98932933807373, 192.83882999420166, 193.27035808563232, 192.07653522491455, 192.89829921722412, 195.74373626708984]\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "J9E1uIOwCNwY",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 617
        },
        "outputId": "330f4fca-a497-4dc3-d457-4431cd9dbc63"
      },
      "source": [
        "#Plot the results\n",
        "\n",
        "p = figure(title='Memory Random Access Time Measurement', \n",
        "           x_axis_label='Array Size (KBytes)', \n",
        "           #y_axis_label='Random Access time [NS]', \n",
        "           y_axis_label='CPU ticks', \n",
        "           x_axis_type=\"log\")\n",
        "\n",
        "keys = [(key>>10) for key in res_arr.keys()]\n",
        "p.xaxis.ticker = FixedTicker(ticks=keys)\n",
        "p.xaxis.major_label_orientation = \"vertical\"\n",
        "p.xaxis.formatter=PrintfTickFormatter(format=\"0x%X\")\n",
        "avg = []\n",
        "for key in res_arr:\n",
        "  #Plot the results\n",
        "  p.scatter([key>>10]*len(res_arr[key]), res_arr[key])\n",
        "  \n",
        "  #Remove the outlier\n",
        "  data = np.asarray(res_arr[key])\n",
        "  data = data[abs(data - np.mean(data)) < 2 * np.std(data)]\n",
        "  avg.append(np.mean(data))\n",
        "\n",
        "#Plot the avg line\n",
        "p.line(keys, avg, line_width=2, line_color='orange')\n",
        "show(p)\n"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "application/javascript": [
              "\n",
              "(function(root) {\n",
              "  function now() {\n",
              "    return new Date();\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  var force = true;\n",
              "\n",
              "  if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n",
              "    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n",
              "    root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  var JS_MIME_TYPE = 'application/javascript';\n",
              "  var HTML_MIME_TYPE = 'text/html';\n",
              "  var EXEC_MIME_TYPE = 'application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json';\n",
              "  var CLASS_NAME = 'output_bokeh rendered_html';\n",
              "\n",
              "  /**\n",
              "   * Render data to the DOM node\n",
              "   */\n",
              "  function render(props, node) {\n",
              "    var script = document.createElement(\"script\");\n",
              "    node.appendChild(script);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  /**\n",
              "   * Handle when an output is cleared or removed\n",
              "   */\n",
              "  function handleClearOutput(event, handle) {\n",
              "    var cell = handle.cell;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var id = cell.output_area._bokeh_element_id;\n",
              "    var server_id = cell.output_area._bokeh_server_id;\n",
              "    // Clean up Bokeh references\n",
              "    if (id != null && id in Bokeh.index) {\n",
              "      Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n",
              "      delete Bokeh.index[id];\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (server_id !== undefined) {\n",
              "      // Clean up Bokeh references\n",
              "      var cmd = \"from bokeh.io.state import curstate; print(curstate().uuid_to_server['\" + server_id + \"'].get_sessions()[0].document.roots[0]._id)\";\n",
              "      cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd, {\n",
              "        iopub: {\n",
              "          output: function(msg) {\n",
              "            var id = msg.content.text.trim();\n",
              "            if (id in Bokeh.index) {\n",
              "              Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n",
              "              delete Bokeh.index[id];\n",
              "            }\n",
              "          }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      });\n",
              "      // Destroy server and session\n",
              "      var cmd = \"import bokeh.io.notebook as ion; ion.destroy_server('\" + server_id + \"')\";\n",
              "      cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  /**\n",
              "   * Handle when a new output is added\n",
              "   */\n",
              "  function handleAddOutput(event, handle) {\n",
              "    var output_area = handle.output_area;\n",
              "    var output = handle.output;\n",
              "\n",
              "    // limit handleAddOutput to display_data with EXEC_MIME_TYPE content only\n",
              "    if ((output.output_type != \"display_data\") || (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(output.data, EXEC_MIME_TYPE))) {\n",
              "      return\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toinsert = output_area.element.find(\".\" + CLASS_NAME.split(' ')[0]);\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"] !== undefined) {\n",
              "      toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = output.data[JS_MIME_TYPE];\n",
              "      // store reference to embed id on output_area\n",
              "      output_area._bokeh_element_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"];\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"] !== undefined) {\n",
              "      var bk_div = document.createElement(\"div\");\n",
              "      bk_div.innerHTML = output.data[HTML_MIME_TYPE];\n",
              "      var script_attrs = bk_div.children[0].attributes;\n",
              "      for (var i = 0; i < script_attrs.length; i++) {\n",
              "        toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.setAttribute(script_attrs[i].name, script_attrs[i].value);\n",
              "        toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = bk_div.children[0].textContent\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      // store reference to server id on output_area\n",
              "      output_area._bokeh_server_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"];\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  function register_renderer(events, OutputArea) {\n",
              "\n",
              "    function append_mime(data, metadata, element) {\n",
              "      // create a DOM node to render to\n",
              "      var toinsert = this.create_output_subarea(\n",
              "        metadata,\n",
              "        CLASS_NAME,\n",
              "        EXEC_MIME_TYPE\n",
              "      );\n",
              "      this.keyboard_manager.register_events(toinsert);\n",
              "      // Render to node\n",
              "      var props = {data: data, metadata: metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE]};\n",
              "      render(props, toinsert[toinsert.length - 1]);\n",
              "      element.append(toinsert);\n",
              "      return toinsert\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    /* Handle when an output is cleared or removed */\n",
              "    events.on('clear_output.CodeCell', handleClearOutput);\n",
              "    events.on('delete.Cell', handleClearOutput);\n",
              "\n",
              "    /* Handle when a new output is added */\n",
              "    events.on('output_added.OutputArea', handleAddOutput);\n",
              "\n",
              "    /**\n",
              "     * Register the mime type and append_mime function with output_area\n",
              "     */\n",
              "    OutputArea.prototype.register_mime_type(EXEC_MIME_TYPE, append_mime, {\n",
              "      /* Is output safe? */\n",
              "      safe: true,\n",
              "      /* Index of renderer in `output_area.display_order` */\n",
              "      index: 0\n",
              "    });\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  // register the mime type if in Jupyter Notebook environment and previously unregistered\n",
              "  if (root.Jupyter !== undefined) {\n",
              "    var events = require('base/js/events');\n",
              "    var OutputArea = require('notebook/js/outputarea').OutputArea;\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (OutputArea.prototype.mime_types().indexOf(EXEC_MIME_TYPE) == -1) {\n",
              "      register_renderer(events, OutputArea);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  \n",
              "  if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n",
              "    root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n",
              "    root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  var NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n",
              "     \"<div style='background-color: #fdd'>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"<p>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n",
              "     \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"</p>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"<ul>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"<li>re-rerun `output_notebook()` to attempt to load from CDN again, or</li>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"<li>use INLINE resources instead, as so:</li>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"</ul>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"<code>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"</code>\\n\"+\n",
              "     \"</div>\"}};\n",
              "\n",
              "  function display_loaded() {\n",
              "    var el = document.getElementById(null);\n",
              "    if (el != null) {\n",
              "      el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
              "      if (el != null) {\n",
              "        el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n",
              "      setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "  function run_callbacks() {\n",
              "    try {\n",
              "      root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n",
              "        if (callback != null)\n",
              "          callback();\n",
              "      });\n",
              "    } finally {\n",
              "      delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n",
              "    if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n",
              "    if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n",
              "\n",
              "    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n",
              "    if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n",
              "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n",
              "      return null;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n",
              "      run_callbacks();\n",
              "      return null;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n",
              "    root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_load() {\n",
              "      root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n",
              "      if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n",
              "        console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n",
              "        run_callbacks()\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_error(url) {\n",
              "      console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    for (let i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n",
              "      const url = css_urls[i];\n",
              "      const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n",
              "      element.onload = on_load;\n",
              "      element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n",
              "      element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n",
              "      element.type = \"text/css\";\n",
              "      element.href = url;\n",
              "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n",
              "      document.body.appendChild(element);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    const hashes = {\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.3.1.min.js\": \"YF85VygJKMVnHE+lLv2AM93Vbstr0yo2TbIu5v8se5Rq3UQAUmcuh4aaJwNlpKwa\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.3.1.min.js\": \"KKuas3gevv3PvrlkyCMzffFeaMq5we/a2QsP5AUoS3mJ0jmaCL7jirFJN3GoE/lM\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.3.1.min.js\": \"MK/uFc3YT18pkvvXRl66tTHjP0/dxoSH2e/eiNMFIguKlun2+WVqaPTWmUy/zvh4\"};\n",
              "\n",
              "    for (let i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n",
              "      const url = js_urls[i];\n",
              "      const element = document.createElement('script');\n",
              "      element.onload = on_load;\n",
              "      element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n",
              "      element.async = false;\n",
              "      element.src = url;\n",
              "      if (url in hashes) {\n",
              "        element.crossOrigin = \"anonymous\";\n",
              "        element.integrity = \"sha384-\" + hashes[url];\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n",
              "      document.head.appendChild(element);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  };\n",
              "\n",
              "  function inject_raw_css(css) {\n",
              "    const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n",
              "    element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n",
              "    document.body.appendChild(element);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  \n",
              "  var js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.3.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.3.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.3.1.min.js\"];\n",
              "  var css_urls = [];\n",
              "  \n",
              "\n",
              "  var inline_js = [\n",
              "    function(Bokeh) {\n",
              "      Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n",
              "    },\n",
              "    function(Bokeh) {\n",
              "    \n",
              "    \n",
              "    }\n",
              "  ];\n",
              "\n",
              "  function run_inline_js() {\n",
              "    \n",
              "    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n",
              "      \n",
              "    for (var i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n",
              "      inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n",
              "      setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n",
              "    } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n",
              "      console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n",
              "      root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n",
              "    } else if (force !== true) {\n",
              "      var cell = $(document.getElementById(null)).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n",
              "      cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n",
              "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n",
              "    run_inline_js();\n",
              "  } else {\n",
              "    load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n",
              "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n",
              "      run_inline_js();\n",
              "    });\n",
              "  }\n",
              "}(window));"
            ],
            "application/vnd.bokehjs_load.v0+json": "\n(function(root) {\n  function now() {\n    return new Date();\n  }\n\n  var force = true;\n\n  if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n    root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n  }\n\n  \n\n  \n  if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n    root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n    root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n  }\n\n  var NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n     \"<div style='background-color: #fdd'>\\n\"+\n     \"<p>\\n\"+\n     \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n     \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n     \"</p>\\n\"+\n     \"<ul>\\n\"+\n     \"<li>re-rerun `output_notebook()` to attempt to load from CDN again, or</li>\\n\"+\n     \"<li>use INLINE resources instead, as so:</li>\\n\"+\n     \"</ul>\\n\"+\n     \"<code>\\n\"+\n     \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n     \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n     \"</code>\\n\"+\n     \"</div>\"}};\n\n  function display_loaded() {\n    var el = document.getElementById(null);\n    if (el != null) {\n      el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n    }\n    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n      if (el != null) {\n        el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n      }\n    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n      setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n    }\n  }\n\n\n  function run_callbacks() {\n    try {\n      root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n        if (callback != null)\n          callback();\n      });\n    } finally {\n      delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n    }\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n  }\n\n  function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n    if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n    if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n\n    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n    if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n      run_callbacks();\n      return null;\n    }\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n    root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n\n    function on_load() {\n      root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n      if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n        console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n        run_callbacks()\n      }\n    }\n\n    function on_error(url) {\n      console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n    }\n\n    for (let i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n      const url = css_urls[i];\n      const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n      element.onload = on_load;\n      element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n      element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n      element.type = \"text/css\";\n      element.href = url;\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n      document.body.appendChild(element);\n    }\n\n    const hashes = {\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.3.1.min.js\": \"YF85VygJKMVnHE+lLv2AM93Vbstr0yo2TbIu5v8se5Rq3UQAUmcuh4aaJwNlpKwa\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.3.1.min.js\": \"KKuas3gevv3PvrlkyCMzffFeaMq5we/a2QsP5AUoS3mJ0jmaCL7jirFJN3GoE/lM\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.3.1.min.js\": \"MK/uFc3YT18pkvvXRl66tTHjP0/dxoSH2e/eiNMFIguKlun2+WVqaPTWmUy/zvh4\"};\n\n    for (let i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n      const url = js_urls[i];\n      const element = document.createElement('script');\n      element.onload = on_load;\n      element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n      element.async = false;\n      element.src = url;\n      if (url in hashes) {\n        element.crossOrigin = \"anonymous\";\n        element.integrity = \"sha384-\" + hashes[url];\n      }\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n      document.head.appendChild(element);\n    }\n  };\n\n  function inject_raw_css(css) {\n    const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n    element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n    document.body.appendChild(element);\n  }\n\n  \n  var js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.3.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.3.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.3.1.min.js\"];\n  var css_urls = [];\n  \n\n  var inline_js = [\n    function(Bokeh) {\n      Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n    },\n    function(Bokeh) {\n    \n    \n    }\n  ];\n\n  function run_inline_js() {\n    \n    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n      \n    for (var i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n      inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n    }\n    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n      setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n    } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n      console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n      root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n    } else if (force !== true) {\n      var cell = $(document.getElementById(null)).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n      cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n    }\n\n  }\n\n  if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n    run_inline_js();\n  } else {\n    load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n      run_inline_js();\n    });\n  }\n}(window));"
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"bk-root\" id=\"039fa217-806f-455d-9e8d-b9061c8ef6fc\" data-root-id=\"1002\"></div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "application/javascript": [
              "(function(root) {\n",
              "  function embed_document(root) {\n",
              "    \n",
              "  var docs_json = 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              "  var render_items = [{\"docid\":\"fd07107a-8489-439c-be54-1ad4ba3ce986\",\"root_ids\":[\"1002\"],\"roots\":{\"1002\":\"039fa217-806f-455d-9e8d-b9061c8ef6fc\"}}];\n",
              "  root.Bokeh.embed.embed_items_notebook(docs_json, render_items);\n",
              "\n",
              "  }\n",
              "  if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
              "    embed_document(root);\n",
              "  } else {\n",
              "    var attempts = 0;\n",
              "    var timer = setInterval(function(root) {\n",
              "      if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
              "        clearInterval(timer);\n",
              "        embed_document(root);\n",
              "      } else {\n",
              "        attempts++;\n",
              "        if (attempts > 100) {\n",
              "          clearInterval(timer);\n",
              "          console.log(\"Bokeh: ERROR: Unable to run BokehJS code because BokehJS library is missing\");\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    }, 10, root)\n",
              "  }\n",
              "})(window);"
            ],
            "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": ""
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": [],
            "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": {
              "id": "1002"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}