Allow filtering alignment option for core/image block

[oandregal]

core/image is the only core block that doesn't allow filtering the alignment controls it exposes to users.

This block is using the BlockAlignmentControl control directly instead of the the align hook that's enabled via block supports. Unlike the align hook, the core/image block doesn't pass the allowed controls to the BlockAlignmentComponent, hence, it'll show all of them.

It sounds like the alignment options of core/image should be filterable as any other block. Ideally, it should use the align hook as well.

[fabiankaegy]

This is a duplicate of #19103