G-8310: Make guideline less strict by limiting the scope of data types

[PhilippSalvisberg]

As mentioned in #181 the guideline is too strict IMO.

There are some cases where a violation can be considered a false positive. For example for the following data types (based on SQL Language Reference 19c) :

• BINARY_FLOAT
• BINARY_DOUBLE
• LONG
• LONG RAW
• DATE
• BLOB
• CLOB
• NCLOB
• BFILE
• ROWID
• INTEGER
• DOUBLE PRECISION
• REAL
• ...

For these datatypes it is not possible to define a size or a precision and scale. So the data type of the parameter is always fully qualified. It's not passible that a VALUE_ERROR is thrown when assigning the parameter value to a local variable of the same data type.

So, I suggest to limit the check to chosen data types, where we know that a size, precision or scale can be relevant and VALUE_ERROR is possible and in the responsibility of the caller. Here's the full list:

Data type	Optional size/precision/scale/...?	Comment
CHAR	No
VARCHAR2	No
NCHAR	Yes	The default is a single character, the length of the parameter is undefined, hence relevant.
NVARCHAR2	No
NUMBER	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
FLOAT	Yes	Value is rounded, does not throw a value_error, hence irrelevant.
RAW	No
TIMESTAMP	Yes	Value is rounded, does not throw a value_error, hence irrelevant.
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
UROWID	Yes	Does not throw a value_error, should not be used anyway, hence irrelevant
CHARACTER [VARYING]	No
VARCHAR	No
NATIONAL CHAR[ACTER] [VARYING]	No
NUMERIC	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
DECIMAL	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
DEC	Yes	Throws a value_error, hence relevant.
...%TYPE	Yes	We do not know anything about the datatype, can be VARCHAR2 (relevant) or DATE (irrelevant), hence relevant.

When limiting the guideline to these data types some false negatives are possible. E.g when defining a constrained subtype. With static code analysis and a limited scope of a file that's probably unavoidable to reduce the number of false positives.

[PhilippSalvisberg]

g-7420 is an example where G-8310 is thrown for parameters of type pls_integer.