diff --git a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/BitmapOverlay.java b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/BitmapOverlay.java
index 0bb3ab25b63..888d0db1ec6 100644
--- a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/BitmapOverlay.java
+++ b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/BitmapOverlay.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.opengl.GLES20;
 import android.opengl.GLUtils;
+import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.VideoFrameProcessingException;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.BitmapLoader;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.GlUtil;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 /**
  * Creates {@link TextureOverlay}s from {@link Bitmap}s.
@@ -40,7 +42,11 @@
 @UnstableApi
 public abstract class BitmapOverlay extends TextureOverlay {
   private int lastTextureId;
-  private @MonotonicNonNull Bitmap lastBitmap;
+  private @Nullable Bitmap lastBitmap;
+
+  BitmapOverlay() {
+    lastTextureId = C.INDEX_UNSET;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Returns the overlay bitmap displayed at the specified timestamp.
@@ -68,6 +74,9 @@ public int getTextureId(long presentationTimeUs) throws VideoFrameProcessingExce
     if (bitmap != lastBitmap) {
       try {
         lastBitmap = bitmap;
+        if (lastTextureId != -1) {
+          GlUtil.deleteTexture(lastTextureId);
+        }
         lastTextureId =
             GlUtil.createTexture(
                 bitmap.getWidth(),
@@ -77,7 +86,7 @@ public int getTextureId(long presentationTimeUs) throws VideoFrameProcessingExce
         GLUtils.texImage2D(
             GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
             /* level= */ 0,
-            BitmapUtil.flipBitmapVertically(lastBitmap),
+            BitmapUtil.flipBitmapVertically(checkNotNull(lastBitmap)),
             /* border= */ 0);
         GlUtil.checkGlError();
       } catch (GlUtil.GlException e) {
@@ -162,4 +171,18 @@ public OverlaySettings getOverlaySettings(long presentationTimeUs) {
       }
     };
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public void release() throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
+    super.release();
+    lastBitmap = null;
+    if (lastTextureId != -1) {
+      try {
+        GlUtil.deleteTexture(lastTextureId);
+      } catch (GlUtil.GlException e) {
+        throw new VideoFrameProcessingException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    lastTextureId = C.INDEX_UNSET;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/OverlayShaderProgram.java b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/OverlayShaderProgram.java
index ac812c5df42..df275fc020b 100644
--- a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/OverlayShaderProgram.java
+++ b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/OverlayShaderProgram.java
@@ -299,6 +299,9 @@ public void release() throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     } catch (GlUtil.GlException e) {
       throw new VideoFrameProcessingException(e);
     }
+    for (int i = 0; i < overlays.size(); i++) {
+      overlays.get(i).release();
+    }
   }
 
   private static String createVertexShader(int numOverlays) {
diff --git a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/TextureOverlay.java b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/TextureOverlay.java
index fd46879e9ea..6a7c2b0c404 100644
--- a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/TextureOverlay.java
+++ b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/TextureOverlay.java
@@ -60,4 +60,11 @@ public void configure(Size videoSize) {}
   public OverlaySettings getOverlaySettings(long presentationTimeUs) {
     return new OverlaySettings.Builder().build();
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Releases all resources.
+   *
+   * @throws VideoFrameProcessingException If an error occurs while releasing resources.
+   */
+  public void release() throws VideoFrameProcessingException {}
 }