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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>ANTLR4 - Overview</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
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<body>
<div class="reveal">
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<div class="slides">
<section data-markdown>
# ANTLR 4
### A (rather simple) Overview
By *Duarte Duarte*, *Luís Cleto*, *Miguel Marques* and *Ruben Cordeiro*
COMP/MIEIC/FEUP - 2013/2014
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## What's ANTLR 4?
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## What's ANTLR 4?
**ANTLR 4** is a parser generator, generating parse trees automatically from a given **grammar**.
It's a **parser generator** and a **language tool**.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Design Goals
* Ease-of-use over performance
* Simplicity over complexity
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Industry adoption
* **Twitter** search uses ANTLR for query parsing.
* **Oracle** uses ANTLR within the SQL Developer IDE.
* The **NetBeans** IDE parses C++ with ANTLR.
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## What does parsing with ANTLR4 mean?
</section>
<section data-markdown>
### What does parsing with ANTLR4 mean?
* Structure is described as a **grammar**.
* Recognizer is divided into **lexer** and **parser**.
* **Parse tree** can be auto generated.
<!--  -->
</section>
<section data-markdown>
### What does parsing with ANTLR4 mean?
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## ANTLR4 ALL(*)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## ANTLR4 ALL(*)
* Generates recursive descent parser
* like what you would build by hand
* Does dynamic grammar analysis while parsing
* saves results like a JIT does
* Allows for direct left recursion
* indirect left recursion not supported
* Parsing time typically near-linear
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## ANTLR4 ALL(*)
By moving grammar analysis to parse-time, it's possible to avoid the common pitfalls of ambiguity and left-recursion.
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## Grammar specification
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Grammar specification
``` javascript
grammar assignment;
stat: ID '=' expr ';' // match an assignment; can match "f();"
| ID '=' expr ';' // oops! an exact duplicate of previous alternative
| expr ';' // expression statement
;
expr: ID '(' ')'
| INT
;
ID : [a-z]+ ; // match one or more of any lowercase letter
INT : [0-9]+ ; // match integers
```
The ANTLR tool generates recursive-descent parsers from grammar rules such as the ones above.
</section>
<section>
<h2> Generated Parse Tree </h2>
<img src="images/parseTree.png"></img>
<aside class="notes">
These are called context objects because they record everything we know about the recognition of a phrase by a rule. Each context object knows the
start and stop tokens for the recognized phrase and provides access to all of
the elements of that phrase. For example, AssignContext provides methods ID()
and expr() to access the identifier node and expression subtree.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h3> Parse-Tree Listeners and Visitors </h3>
Given this concrete structure, we can use the tree-walking mechanisms that ANTLR generates automatically, rather than writing the same tree-walking boilerplate code for each application.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Parse-Tree Listeners and Visitors
Options for separation of actions from grammars in ANTLR4:
* Listeners (SAX style)
* Visitors (DOM style)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Listeners
Tree traversal.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Listeners
*ParseTreeWalker* call sequence.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Visitors
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## Practical Example
### Building a Calculator Using a Visitor
</section>
<section>
<h2> Practical Example </h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="calcGrammar.html" target="blank">Grammar</a></li>
<li><a href="evalVisitor.html" target="blank">Visitor Implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="calcJava.html" target="blank"> Application </a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2> Pratical Example </h2>
We built a calculator without having to insert raw <i>Java</i> actions into the grammar.
The grammar is kept application independent and programming language neutral.
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## Summary
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Summary
ANTLR4 is:
* Modular.
* Powerful.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Summary
ANTLR4's release codename is *Honey Badger*.
It was named after the extremely resilient animal since ANTLR4 takes whatever you give it: it just doesn't give a damn!
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Summary
</section>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## References
* ANTLR4-Website
* http://www.antlr.org
* Book (it's actually worth reading)
* http://pragprog.com/book/tpantlr2/the-definitive-antlr-4-reference
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## Questions?
</section>
</div>
</div>
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