drake external examples: Mac drake_cmake_installed is failing

[BetsyMcPhail]

Slack discussion: https://drakedevelopers.slack.com/archives/C270MN28G/p1728481302335769

Failing job: https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/actions/runs/11254479675/job/31291986238

[BetsyMcPhail]

From the log (https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/actions/runs/11254479675):

macos sonoma 14 arm cmake installed
No such keg: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/tcl-tk

macos sonoma 14 arm cmake installed
No such keg: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/go

macos sonoma 14 arm cmake installed
No such keg: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/node@18

macos sonoma 14 arm cmake installed
Process completed with exit code 8.

macos sonoma 14 arm cmake installed
Cask go was renamed to homebrew/core/go.

As suggested by the comment (https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/blob/d6327fc16f7e4a008dbe922c6981c048f95a6dd2/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L39), it's likely time to remove the workarounds in ci.yml.

[BetsyMcPhail]

Output from passing test (https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/actions/runs/11234931832/job/31231794157):

    Start 5: simple_bindings_test

5: Test command: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 "/Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/src/simple_bindings/simple_bindings_test.py"
5: Working Directory: /Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/build/src/simple_bindings
5: Environment variables: 
5:  PYTHONPATH=/Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/build/src/simple_bindings:/opt/drake/lib/python3.12/site-packages

Output from failing test:

 Start 5: simple_bindings_test

5: Test command: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 "/Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/src/simple_bindings/simple_bindings_test.py"
5: Working Directory: /Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/build/src/simple_bindings
5: Environment variables: 
5:  PYTHONPATH=/Users/runner/work/drake-external-examples/drake-external-examples/drake_cmake_installed/build/src/simple_bindings:/opt/drake/lib/python3.12/site-packages

[BetsyMcPhail]

Output from passing test:

-- Found Python3: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 (found version "3.12.7") found components: Interpreter Development Development.Module Development.Embed
-- Found Python3: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 (found version "3.12.7") found components: Interpreter
CMake Warning (dev) at /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/FindPythonLibsNew.cmake:101 (message):
  Policy CMP0148 is not set: The FindPythonInterp and FindPythonLibs modules
  are removed.  Run "cmake --help-policy CMP0148" for policy details.  Use
  the cmake_policy command to set the policy and suppress this warning, or
  preferably upgrade to using FindPython, either by calling it explicitly
  before pybind11, or by setting PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON ON before pybind11.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/pybind11Tools.cmake:50 (find_package)
  /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/pybind11-config.cmake:1[31](https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/actions/runs/11234931832/job/31231794157#step:5:32) (include)
  src/simple_bindings/CMakeLists.txt:3 (find_package)
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- Found PythonInterp: /opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3 (found suitable version "3.12.7", minimum required is "3.6")
-- Found PythonLibs: /opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/libpython3.12.dylib

Output from failing test:

-- Found Python3: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 (found version "3.12.7") found components: Interpreter Development Development.Module Development.Embed
-- Found Python3: /opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12 (found version "3.12.7") found components: Interpreter
CMake Warning (dev) at /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/FindPythonLibsNew.cmake:101 (message):
  Policy CMP0148 is not set: The FindPythonInterp and FindPythonLibs modules
  are removed.  Run "cmake --help-policy CMP0148" for policy details.  Use
  the cmake_policy command to set the policy and suppress this warning, or
  preferably upgrade to using FindPython, either by calling it explicitly
  before pybind11, or by setting PYBIND11_FINDPYTHON ON before pybind11.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/pybind11Tools.cmake:50 (find_package)
  /opt/drake/lib/cmake/pybind11/pybind11-config.cmake:1[31](https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake-external-examples/actions/runs/11256910081/job/31299912821#step:5:32) (include)
  src/simple_bindings/CMakeLists.txt:3 (find_package)
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python3 (found suitable version "3.9.6", minimum required is "3.6")
-- Found PythonLibs: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/libpython3.9.dylib

[jwnimmer-tri]

Fixed in #22012!