diff --git a/.github/workflows/downstream.yml b/.github/workflows/downstream.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff0905e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/downstream.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      repository:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      manifest-dir:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+jobs:
+  sdist:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Sccache Setup
+        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
+        with:
+          version: "v0.5.3"
+      - name: Build maturin
+        env:
+          RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
+          SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "true"
+          RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
+        run: cargo build
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ inputs.repository }}
+          path: downstream
+      - name: maturin sdist
+        working-directory: downstream
+        run: |
+          ../target/debug/maturin sdist --manifest-path ${{ inputs.manifest-dir }}/Cargo.toml -o target/sdist
+      - name: Build from sdist
+        working-directory: downstream
+        run: |
+          ../target/debug/maturin build --manifest-path ${{ inputs.manifest-dir }}/Cargo.toml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 552fb811a..408e3e5c3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -493,6 +493,29 @@ jobs:
           # unset GITHUB_ACTIONS env var to disable zig and conda related tests
           env -u GITHUB_ACTIONS cargo nextest run --features password-storage
 
+  test-downstream:
+    name: Test downstream - ${{ matrix.downstream.repository }}
+    if: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'sdist') && github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/downstream.yml
+    with:
+      repository: ${{ matrix.downstream.repository }}
+      manifest-dir: ${{ matrix.downstream.manifest-dir }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        downstream:
+          - repository: "pola-rs/polars"
+            manifest-dir: "py-polars"
+          - repository: "astral-sh/ruff"
+            manifest-dir: "crates/ruff_cli"
+          - repository: "crate-ci/typos"
+            manifest-dir: "crates/typos-cli"
+          - repository: "ast-grep/ast-grep"
+            manifest-dir: "crates/pyo3"
+          - repository: "oxigraph/oxigraph"
+            manifest-dir: "python"
+          - repository: "geoarrow/geoarrow-rs"
+            manifest-dir: "python/geoarrow-rust"
+
   check:
     name: Check ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
     if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
@@ -528,6 +551,7 @@ jobs:
       - test-bootstrap
       - test-msrv
       - test-pyston
+      - test-downstream
       - check
     if: always()
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest