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+# Authoring Resources
+
+In this document, you'll learn about the core features of `ember-resources`
+and how to decide which primitives to use, how to create, support, compose, and test with them.
+
+- [the primitives](#the-primitives)
+  - [function-based Resources](#function-based-resources)
+      - [Example: Clock](#example-clock)
+  - [class-based Resources](#class-based-resources)
+
+## the primitives
+
+There are two core abstractions to working with resources,
+each with their own set of tradeoffs and capabilities
+-- but ultimately are both summarized as "helpers with optional state and optional cleanup".
+
+|    | class-based [`Resource`][docs-class-resource] | function-based [`resource`][docs-function-resource] |
+| -- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| supports direct invocation in [`<templates>`][rfc-779] | yes | yes |
+| supports [Glint][gh-glint] | soon | soon |
+| provides a value | the instance of the class is the value[^1] | can represent a primitive value or complex object[^2] |
+| can be invoked with arguments | yes, received via `modify`[^3] hook | only when wrapped with a function. changes to arguments will cause the resource to teardown and re-run |
+| persisted state across argument changes | yes | no, but it's possible[^4] |
+| can be used in the body of a class component | yes | yes |
+| can be used in template-only components | yes[^5] | yes[^5] |
+| requires decorator usage (`@use`) | `@use` optional | `@use` optional[^6] |
+
+
+[rfc-779]: https://github.com/emberjs/rfcs/pull/779
+[gh-glint]: https://github.com/typed-ember/glint
+[gh-ember-modifier]: https://github.com/ember-modifier/ember-modifier
+
+[docs-class-resource]: https://ember-resources.pages.dev/classes/core.Resource
+[docs-function-resource]: https://ember-resources.pages.dev/modules/util_function_resource#resource
+
+[mdn-weakmap]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap
+
+[^1]: class-based resources _cannot_ be a single primitive value. APIs for support for this have been explored in the past, but it proved unergonomic and fine-grained reactivity _per accessed property_ (when an object was desired for "the value") was not possible.
+[^2]: there are alternate ways to shape a function-resource depending on the behavior you want. These shapes and use cases are covered in the [function-based Resources](#function-based-resources).
+[^3]: this is the same API / behavior as class-based modifiers in [ember-modifier][gh-ember-modifier].
+[^4]: persisting state across argument changes with function-based resources might require a [`WeakMap`][mdn-weakmap] and some stable object to reference as the key for the storage within that `WeakMap`.
+[^5]: for `.hbs` files the resources will need to be globally available via `export default`s from the `app/helpers` directory.
+[^6]: without `@use`, the function-based resource must represent a non-primitive value or object.
+
+### function-based resources
+
+[🔝 back to top](#authoring-resources)
+
+Function resources are good for both authoring encapsulated behaviors,
+as well as inline / "on-demand" usage.
+
+
+#### Example: Clock
+
+[🔝 back to top](#authoring-resources)
+
+Throughout these examples, we'll implement a locale-aware clock
+and go over the tradeoffs / behavior differences between
+each of the implementations and usages (from the consuming side).
+
+The goal if this implementation is to provide an easy abstraction that
+"some consumer" could use to display the current time in their given locale.
+
+To start, we'll want to use [`setInterval`][mdn-setInterval] to update a value every second.
+```js
+// NOTE: this snippet has bugs and is incomplete, don't copy this (explained later)
+// import { resource } from 'ember-resources'; // in V5
+import { resource } from 'ember-resources/util/function-resource';
+import { TrackedObject } from 'tracked-built-ins';
+
+const clock = resource(() => {
+  let time = new TrackedObject({ current: new Date() });
+
+  setInterval(() => (time.current = new Date()), 1_000);
+
+  return time.current;
+});
+```
+
+Usage of this resource would look like
+```hbs
+<time>{{clock}}</time>
+```
+
+But this is not feature-complete! We still need to handle cleanup to prevent memory leaks by using [`clearInterval`][mdn-clearInterval].
+
+```diff
+- const clock = resource(() => {
++ const clock = resource(({ on }) => {
+    let time = new TrackedObject({ current: new Date() });
+
+-   setInterval(() => (time.current = new Date()), 1_000);
++   let interval = setInterval(() => (time.current = new Date()), 1_000);
++
++   on.cleanup(() => clearInteral(interval))
+
+    return time.current;
+```
+
+Now when the `resource` updates or is torn down, won't leave a bunch of `setInterval`s running.
+
+Lastly, adding in locale-aware formatting with [`Intl.DateTimeFormat`][mdn-DateTimeFormat].
+```diff
+    on.cleanup(() => clearInteral(interval))
+
+-   return time.current;
++   return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', {
++     hour: 'numeric',
++     minute: 'numeric',
++     second: 'numeric',
++     hour12: false,
++   }).format(time.current);
+```
+
+
+However, there is a goofy behavior with this implementation.
+By accessing `time.current`, we end up consuming tracaked data within the `resource`
+callback function. When `setInterval` updates `time.current`, the reactivity system
+detects that "tracked data that was consumed in the `resource` callback has changed,
+and must re-evaluate".
+This causes a _new_ `setInterval` and _new_ `TrackedObject` to be used,
+rather than re-using the objects.
+
+To solve this, we need to enclose access to the tracked data via an arrow function.
+```js
+const clock = resource(({ on }) => {
+  let time = new TrackedObject({ current: new Date() });
+  let interval = setInterval(() => (time.current = new Date()), 1_000);
+
+  on.cleanup(() => clearInteral(interval))
+
+  let formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', {
+    hour: 'numeric',
+    minute: 'numeric',
+    second: 'numeric',
+    hour12: false,
+  });
+
+  return () => formatter.format(time.current);
+});
+```
+
+
+[mdn-setInterval]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/setInterval
+[mdn-clearInterval]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/clearInterval
+[mdn-DateTimeFormat]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/DateTimeFormat
+
+### class-based resources
+
+[🔝 back to top](#authoring-resources)
+
+Class
+
+