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Dockerfile frontend experimental syntaxes

Note for Docker users

If you are using Docker v18.06 or later, BuildKit mode can be enabled by setting export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 on the client side. Docker v18.06 also requires the daemon to be running in experimental mode.

You need to use docker build CLI instead of buildctl CLI mentioned in this document. See the docker build document for the usage.

Use experimental Dockerfile frontend

The features mentioned in this document are experimentally available as docker/dockerfile:experimental image.

To use the experimental features, the first line of your Dockerfile needs to be # syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental. As the experimental syntaxes may change in future revisions, you may want to pin the image to a specific revision.

See also #528 for further information about planned docker/dockerfile releases.

Experimental syntaxes

RUN --mount=type=bind (the default mount type)

This mount type allows binding directories (read-only) in the context or in an image to the build container.

Option Description
target (required) Mount path.
source Source path in the from. Defaults to the root of the from.
from Build stage or image name for the root of the source. Defaults to the build context.
rw,readwrite Allow writes on the mount. Written data will be discarded.

RUN --mount=type=cache

This mount type allows the build container to cache directories for compilers and package managers.

Option Description
id Optional ID to identify separate/different caches
target (required) Mount path.
ro,readonly Read-only if set.
sharing One of shared, private, or locked. Defaults to shared. A shared cache mount can be used concurrently by multiple writers. private creates a new mount if there are multiple writers. locked pauses the second writer until the first one releases the mount.
from Build stage to use as a base of the cache mount. Defaults to empty directory.
source Subpath in the from to mount. Defaults to the root of the from.
mode File mode for new cache directory in octal. Default 0755.
uid User ID for new cache directory. Default 0.
gid Group ID for new cache directory. Default 0.

Example: cache Go packages

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM golang
...
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build go build ...

Example: cache apt packages

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM ubuntu
RUN rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean; echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/keep-cache
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apt --mount=type=cache,target=/var/lib/apt \
  apt update && apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y gcc

RUN --mount=type=tmpfs

This mount type allows mounting tmpfs in the build container.

Option Description
target (required) Mount path.

RUN --mount=type=secret

This mount type allows the build container to access secure files such as private keys without baking them into the image.

Option Description
id ID of the secret. Defaults to basename of the target path.
target Mount path. Defaults to /run/secrets/ + id.
required If set to true, the instruction errors out when the secret is unavailable. Defaults to false.
mode File mode for secret file in octal. Default 0400.
uid User ID for secret file. Default 0.
gid Group ID for secret file. Default 0.

Example: access to S3

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM python:3
RUN pip install awscli
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=aws,target=/root/.aws/credentials aws s3 cp s3://... ...
$ buildctl build --frontend=dockerfile.v0 --local context=. --local dockerfile=. \
  --secret id=aws,src=$HOME/.aws/credentials

RUN --mount=type=ssh

This mount type allows the build container to access SSH keys via SSH agents, with support for passphrases.

Option Description
id ID of SSH agent socket or key. Defaults to "default".
target SSH agent socket path. Defaults to /run/buildkit/ssh_agent.${N}.
required If set to true, the instruction errors out when the key is unavailable. Defaults to false.
mode File mode for socket in octal. Default 0600.
uid User ID for socket. Default 0.
gid Group ID for socket. Default 0.

Example: access to Gitlab

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-client
RUN mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh && ssh-keyscan gitlab.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
RUN --mount=type=ssh ssh -q -T [email protected] 2>&1 | tee /hello
# "Welcome to GitLab, @GITLAB_USERNAME_ASSOCIATED_WITH_SSHKEY" should be printed here
# with the type of build progress is defined as `plain`.
$ eval $(ssh-agent)
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
(Input your passphrase here)
$ buildctl build --frontend=dockerfile.v0 --local context=. --local dockerfile=. \
  --ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK

You can also specify a path to *.pem file on the host directly instead of $SSH_AUTH_SOCK. However, pem files with passphrases are not supported.

RUN --security=insecure|sandbox

With --security=insecure, this runs the command without sandbox in insecure mode, which allows to run flows requiring elevated privileges (e.g. containerd). This is equivalent to running docker run --privileged. In order to access this feature, entitlement security.insecure should be enabled when starting the buildkitd daemon (--allow-insecure-entitlement security.insecure) and for a build request (--allow security.insecure).

Default sandbox mode can be activated via --security=sandbox, but that is no-op.

Example: check entitlements

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM ubuntu
RUN --security=insecure cat /proc/self/status | grep CapEff
#84 0.093 CapEff:	0000003fffffffff

RUN --network=none|host|default

This allows control over which networking environment the command is run in.

The allowed values are:

  • none - The command is run with no network access (lo is still available, but is isolated to this process)
  • host - The command is run in the host's network environment (similar to docker build --network=host, but on a per-instruction basis)
  • default - Equivalent to not supplying a flag at all, the command is run in the default network for the build

The use of --network=host is protected by the network.host entitlement, which needs to be enabled when starting the buildkitd daemon (--allow-insecure-entitlement network.host) and on the build request (--allow network.host).

Example: isolating external effects

# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
FROM python:3.6
ADD mypackage.tgz wheels/
RUN --network=none pip install --find-links wheels mypackage

pip will only be able to install the packages provided in the tarfile, which can be controlled by an earlier build stage.