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### March 14

On Thursday, March 14th, 2024, several devastating tornadoes carved paths of destruction across eastern Indiana and Western and Central Ohio. Two of these were rated as intense EF-3s, and were responsible for all of the fatalities seen from this severe weather outbreak. Two primary supercell thunderstorms formed in central Indiana and moved eastward. The first, located further north, produced five tornadoes during its more than 120-mile path from Adams County, Indiana to Licking County, Ohio during the afternoon to early evening hours. The second storm, situated further south, produced two tornadoes later in the evening along its more than 75-mile path from Delaware County, Indiana to Miami County, Ohio. There were also two other cyclic thunderstorms that produced a combined three tornadoes in northern Ohio from this event. Overall, this regional tornado outbreak is responsible for 11 tornadoes across Indiana and Ohio, causing 4 fatalities and 68 injuries.
On Thursday, March 14th, 2024, 11 tornadoes carved paths of destruction across eastern Indiana and Western and Central Ohio, resulting in 4 fatalities and 68 injuries. Two tornadoes were rated as intense EF-3s and were responsible for all of the fatalities. The cause of most of these tornadoes were two supercell thunderstorms that formed in central Indiana and moved eastward. The first, located further north, produced five tornadoes during its more than 120-mile path from Adams County, Indiana to Licking County, Ohio. The second storm, situated further south, produced two tornadoes along its more than 75-mile path from Delaware County, Indiana to Miami County, Ohio. In addition, two other cyclic thunderstorms produced a combined three tornadoes in northern Ohio from this event.
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layerId='lakeview-nightlights-tornadoes-2024'
datetime='2024-03-14'
>
The EF-3 tornado that struck the Indian Lake area caused widespread damage to over 1,500 properties and businesses, with a total of 239 homes destroyed. NASA’s Black Marble Night Lights satellite dataset shows the impact the tornado had on Indian Lake’s power grid.
The EF-3 tornado that struck the Indian Lake area caused widespread damage to over 1,500 properties and businesses, with a total of 239 homes destroyed. NASA’s Black Marble Night Lights satellite dataset shows the impact the tornado had on Indian Lake’s power grid, where the majority of the island lost access to power for days.
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### April 26

After a relatively calm period through much of April, the tornado outbreak on April 26th triggered an extremely active phase of severe weather across the United States. On the day before the tornado outbreak, the Storm Prediction Center issued a Level 3/5 Enhanced Risk of severe weather, including tornadoes, over eastern Nebraska and western Iowa southward into the Kansas City metropolitan area. This risk delineation was maintained into the day of the outbreak. Several significant tornadoes occurred from a broken line of supercell thunderstorms within this Enhanced Risk zone in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, with the strongest being EF-4 in intensity. A rare tornado emergency was issued for West Elkhorn, Nebraska for this EF-4 tornado. In the Omaha, Nebraska NWS County Warning Area, this tornado outbreak was responsible for the second largest daily tornado count since at least 1950, and produced the strongest tornadoes for the region since 2014. Overall, there were 76 confirmed tornadoes in CONUS on April 26th, resulting in 1 fatality and 16 injuries.
After a relatively calm period of weather in the United States, the tornado outbreak on April 26th triggered an extremely active phase of severe weather with 76 confirmed tornadoes across the United States, resulting in 1 fatality and 16 injuries. On the day before the tornado outbreak, the Storm Prediction Center issued a Level 3/5 Enhanced Risk of severe weather, including tornadoes, over eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, and the Kansas City metropolitan area. This risk delineation was maintained into the day of the outbreak. A broken line of supercell thunderstorms produced several significant tornadoes in the Enhanced risk zone, with the strongest being an EF-4 that resulted in the issuance of a rare Tornado Emergency for West Elkhorn, Nebraska. In the Omaha, Nebraska NWS County Warning Area, this tornado outbreak was responsible for the second largest daily tornado count since at least 1950, and produced the strongest tornadoes for the region since 2014.

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##### Lincoln, NE EF-3
The first intense tornado of the day struck near 84th Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, carving an 8.6-mile path through Lancaster County with winds up to 158 mph. Touching down around 2:52 PM and lifting at 3:04 PM, the tornado caused significant damage but no fatalities, though three people were injured. Shortly after forming, it hit a business and large transmission line, severely damaged a manufacturing plant, and threw cars up to 100 yards. It continued causing significant damage by derailing a train, snapping tree trunks, and scattering debris before weakening near 141st Street.
The first intense tornado of the day struck near 84th Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, carving an 8.6-mile path through Lancaster County with winds up to 158 mph. Touching down around 2:52 PM and lifting at 3:04 PM, the tornado caused significant damage, 3 injuries, and no fatalities. Shortly after forming, it hit a business and large transmission line, severely damaged a manufacturing plant, and threw cars up to 100 yards. It continued causing significant damage by derailing a train, snapping tree trunks, and scattering debris before weakening near 141st Street.
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##### May 6: Barnsdall, OK EF-4
The only notable tornado on May 6th was a violent EF-4 that impacted the town of Barnsdall, Oklahoma. The tornado caused severe damage to homes and the wax plant on the town’s east side, with winds estimated at 150-175 mph. As it moved northeast, the storm continued damaging trees, homes, and outbuildings. By the time it reached Bartlesville, the tornado weakened to EF-2, though it still damaged homes, businesses, and trees. The storm eventually dissipated northeast of Bartlesville after traveling around 40 miles, causing two fatalities and injuring 33 people.
The only notable tornado on May 6th was a violent EF-4 that impacted the town of Barnsdall, Oklahoma. The tornado caused severe damage to homes and the wax plant on the town’s east side, with winds estimated at 150-175 mph. As it moved northeast, the storm continued damaging trees, homes, and outbuildings. By the time it reached Bartlesville, the tornado weakened to EF-2, but still caused impactful damage in the city. The storm eventually dissipated northeast of Bartlesville after traveling around 40 miles, causing two fatalities and injuring 33 people.
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##### May 7: Michigan and Ohio Significant Tornadoes
During the mid-afternoon of May 7th in southwest Lower Michigan, several intense storms impacted areas south of Kalamazoo, prompting the first Tornado Emergency issuance in Michigan history. The storm system produced two EF-2s, two EF-1s, and a brief EF-UNK just inside the northern Indiana border. The first EF-2 touched down near Centreville, causing extensive tree and property damage and destroying parts of several homes north of Sherwood. At it's peak, video confirmed the tornado to be of multiple-vortex type - a tornado with smaller circulations orbiting the main funnel, intensifing local damage along the tornado's path. The second EF-2 tornado struck Portage, traveling 11 miles through the city. It damaged homes, businesses, mobile home parks, and apartment complexes, uprooting hundreds of trees and causing a section of an industrial warehouse roof to collapse. Sixteen people were injured, making it Michigan's strongest tornado since the Gaylord EF-3 in 2022.
During the mid-afternoon of May 7th in southwest Lower Michigan, several intense storms impacted areas south of Kalamazoo, prompting the first Tornado Emergency issuance in Michigan history. The storm system produced two EF-2s, two EF-1s, and a brief EF-UNK just inside the northern Indiana border. The first EF-2 touched down near Centreville, causing extensive tree and property damage and destroying parts of several homes north of Sherwood. At its peak, video confirmed the tornado to be of multiple-vortex type - a tornado with smaller circulations orbiting the main funnel, intensifing local damage along the tornado's path. The second EF-2 tornado struck Portage, traveling 11 miles through the city. It damaged homes, businesses, mobile home parks, and apartment complexes, uprooting hundreds of trees and causing a section of an industrial warehouse roof to collapse. Sixteen people were injured, making it Michigan's strongest tornado since the Gaylord EF-3 in 2022.
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In central and eastern Indiana, the storms on May 7th had difficulty producing tornadoes initially. However, as the storms moved into Ohio, several tornadoes developed. The strongest were in west-central and far eastern Ohio, where three EF-2 and several high-end EF-1 tornadoes touched down. One storm led to a particularly dangerous tornado warning for the Oxford, Ohio area. In total, 29 tornadoes were recorded across the region from southeastern Indiana to western Pennsylvania.
In central and eastern Indiana, the storms on May 7th had difficulty producing tornadoes initially. However, as the storms moved from southeastern Indiana through Ohio into western Pennsylvania, 29 tornadoes were spawned. The strongest were in west-central and far eastern Ohio, where three EF-2 and several high-end EF-1 tornadoes touched down. One storm led to a PDS tornado warning for the Oxford, Ohio area, north of Cincinnati.
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The first significant tornado of the day formed west of Coldwater, Ohio and was rated an EF-2. This large, wedge-shaped tornado caused major tree damage along the Wabash River, destroying barns and outbuildings in Mercer County before it weakened and lifted near Coldwater. Shortly after, another EF-2 tornado touched down north of Chickasaw, damaging fields, tearing up two farm properties, and causing roof and wall damage. Just to the south in Darke County, a high-end EF-1 tornado moved into Greenville, causing minor damage to homes and trees. The tornado was at peak intensity when it moved into the Greenville City Park, destroying trees and damaging the nearby high school’s football stadium before weakening and lifting north of Gettysburg.
Ohio's first significant tornado of the day formed west of Coldwater, Ohio and was rated an EF-2. This large, wedge-shaped tornado caused major tree damage along the Wabash River, destroying barns and outbuildings in Mercer County before it weakened and lifted near Coldwater. Shortly after, another EF-2 tornado touched down north of Chickasaw, damaging fields, tearing up two farm properties, and causing roof and wall damage. Just to the south in Darke County, a high-end EF-1 tornado moved into Greenville, causing minor damage to homes and trees. The tornado was at peak intensity when it moved into the Greenville City Park, destroying trees and damaging the nearby high school’s football stadium before weakening and lifting north of Gettysburg.

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##### Greenfield, IA EF-4

The strongest tornado of the day, which was a violent EF-4 tornado and the strongest of the year, tore through Iowa's Page, Taylor, Adams, and Adair counties during the mid-afternoon. The tornado first touched down near Villisca in Page County, causing EF-1 damage before clipping Taylor County and entering Adams County, where it inflicted up to EF-1 damage. North of Corning, the tornado reached EF-2 strength, destroying an outbuilding and part of a home, with a car being tossed on Iowa 148, resulting in one fatality. The storm intensified to high-end EF-3 near 150th Street in Adams County, where it leveled a cinder block home and toppled wind turbines, all while being captured by storm chasers documenting its intense, multiple vortex structure.
The strongest tornado of the day (and also of the year), was a violent EF-4 tornado that tore through Iowas Page, Taylor, Adams, and Adair counties during the mid-afternoon. The tornado first touched down near Villisca in Page County, causing EF-1 damage before clipping Taylor County and entering Adams County. North of Corning, the tornado reached EF-2 strength, destroying an outbuilding and part of a home, with a car being tossed on Iowa 148, resulting in one fatality. The storm intensified to high-end EF-3 near 150th Street in Adams County, where it leveled a cinder block home and toppled wind turbines, all while being captured by storm chasers documenting its intense, multiple vortex structure.

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As the tornado moved into Adair County, it strengthened to low-end EF-4, leveling homes and outbuildings before turning toward Greenfield, where it inflicted mid-range EF-4 damage with peak winds estimated by the NWS to be 185 mph. In Greenfield, dozens of homes and mobile homes were destroyed, resulting in four additional fatalities and 35 injuries. After devastating Greenfield, the tornado rapidly weakened and lifted just east of the municipal airport, leaving behind a 44-mile path of destruction, five fatalities, and 35 injured.
As the tornado moved into Adair County, it strengthened to low-end EF-4, leveling homes and outbuildings before turning toward Greenfield, where it inflicted mid-range EF-4 damage with peak winds estimated by the NWS to be 185 mph. In Greenfield, dozens of homes and mobile homes were destroyed, resulting in four additional fatalities and 35 injuries. After devastating Greenfield, the tornado rapidly weakened and lifted just east of the municipal airport, leaving behind a 44-mile path of destruction, five fatalities, and 35 injuries.

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DOW Data Wind Swath

A nearby Doppler on Wheels vehicle initially recorded winds possibly reaching 290 mph at only 44 meters above the ground in the eastern part of Greenfield. Further investigation into this data revealed that a brief one-second gust within the vortex contained astonishingly high winds of 308-319 mph. This DOW data suggests that the Greenfield, Iowa EF-4 tornado produced the third-highest measured winds recorded in history.
A nearby DOW vehicle initially recorded winds possibly reaching 290 mph at only 44 meters above the ground in the eastern part of Greenfield. Further investigation into this data revealed that a brief one-second gust within the vortex contained astonishingly high winds of 308-319 mph. This DOW data suggests that the Greenfield, Iowa EF-4 tornado produced the third-highest measured winds recorded in history.

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### A Spring of Records

The Spring 2024 tornado season broke several local, regional, and national records in the meteorology community, further cementing its place in U.S. severe weather history. The state of Ohio tied its previous annual record of 62 tornadoes by early June and has since well surpassed it by the time of this publication. Further, the state of Oklahoma experienced the most April tornadoes ever recorded, with 55 tornadoes confirmed. Several event-specific records were broken as well. The Charleston, West Virginia NWS County Warning Area set a new record for tornadoes in a single event on April 2nd, Arkansas witnessed a state record for tornado width on May 25th, the Omaha NWS County Warning Area saw the most tornado warnings ever issued in a single day on April 26th, and the Huntsville, Alabama NWS County Warning Area saw its third most tornadoes in a day in their coverage area on May 7th. Overall, the March-May period saw the second-highest tornado count in the United States since 1950, with only the historic 2011 season surpassing it. This historic season will be remembered not only for its destructive tornadoes but also for its unprecedented numbers, significantly impacting both communities and weather forecasting records across the United States.
The Spring 2024 tornado season broke several local, regional, and national records in the meteorology community, further cementing its place in U.S. severe weather history. Some of these records include:

* The state of Ohio tied its previous annual record of 62 tornadoes by early June and has since well surpassed it by the time of this publication.
* The state of Oklahoma experienced the most April tornadoes ever recorded, with 55 tornadoes confirmed. Several event-specific records were broken as well.
* Charleston, West Virginia’s NWS County Warning Area set a new record for tornadoes in a single event on April 2nd.
* The state of Arkansas witnessed a state record for tornado width on May 25th.
* Omaha, Nebraska’s NWS County Warning Area saw the most tornado warnings ever issued in a single day on April 26th.
* Huntsville, Alabama’s NWS County Warning Area saw its third most tornadoes in a day in their coverage area on May 7th.
* The Greenfield, Iowa tornadic winds measured by DOW are the third-highest measured winds in history, just behind the infamous 1999 Moore and 2013 El Reno, Oklahoma tornadoes

Overall, the March-May period saw the second-highest tornado count in the United States since 1950, with only the historic 2011 season surpassing it. This historic season will be remembered not only for its destructive tornadoes but also for its unprecedented numbers, significantly impacting both communities and weather forecasting records across the United States.

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