diff --git a/.github/workflows/java.yml b/.github/workflows/java.yml
index 517421ba..4fc3e1ce 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/java.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/java.yml
@@ -34,8 +34,13 @@ jobs:
         java-version: ${{ matrix.java-version }}
         distribution: 'adopt'
 
-    - name: Run tests
-      run: make ja_test ${{ matrix.java-version > 17 || 'MVN_FLAGS="-e -fn"' }}
+    - name: Run tests (serially)
+      if: ${{ matrix.java-version == 21 && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+      run: make ja_test
+
+    - name: Run tests (in parallel)
+      if: ${{ matrix.java-version != 21 || matrix.os != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+      run: make ja_test_auto
 
     - name: Upload code coverage to Codecov
       uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
diff --git a/java/pom.xml b/java/pom.xml
index 2b6d8391..304f33d3 100644
--- a/java/pom.xml
+++ b/java/pom.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	
 	<dependencies>
-		<!-- JUnit 5 dependencies -->
 		<dependency>
 			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
 			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
@@ -69,25 +68,37 @@
 					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
-				<plugin>
-				<groupId>net.revelc.code.formatter</groupId>
-				<artifactId>formatter-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-				<version>2.24.1</version>
-				<configuration>
-					<javaExclusionPattern>(\W+\.?[^\W]+\(.*\);?\n)+</javaExclusionPattern>
-					<lineSeparator>\n</lineSeparator>
-					<indentationSize>4</indentationSize>
-					<tabSize>4</tabSize>
-					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
-				</configuration>
-				<executions>
-					<execution>
-						<goals>
-							<goal>format</goal>
-						</goals>
-					</execution>
-				</executions>
-			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
+	<profiles>
+		<profile>
+            <id>format</id>
+            <activation>
+                <jdk>[17,)</jdk>
+            </activation>
+            <build>
+                <plugins>
+					<plugin>
+						<groupId>net.revelc.code.formatter</groupId>
+						<artifactId>formatter-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+						<version>2.24.1</version>
+						<configuration>
+							<javaExclusionPattern>(\W+\.?[^\W]+\(.*\);?\n)+</javaExclusionPattern>
+							<lineSeparator>\n</lineSeparator>
+							<indentationSize>4</indentationSize>
+							<tabSize>4</tabSize>
+							<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
+						</configuration>
+						<executions>
+							<execution>
+								<goals>
+									<goal>format</goal>
+								</goals>
+							</execution>
+						</executions>
+					</plugin>
+				</plugins>
+			</build>
+		</profile>
+	</profiles>
 </project>
\ No newline at end of file