- At its core, an IDOR is an access control vulnerability in which an application relies on user-supplied input to reference objects directly. In this case, the object could be a picture, a comment on a post, personally identifiable information (PII) associated with a user or even an entire department within an organization.
- Insecure Direct Object References occur when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result of this vulnerability attackers can bypass authorization and access resources in the system directly, for example database records or files. Insecure Direct Object References allow attackers to bypass authorization and access resources directly by modifying the value of a parameter used to directly point to an object. Such resources can be database entries belonging to other users, files in the system, and more.
- IDORs can exist throughout the entire application so it is always suggested that if you see IDs then to always test, even if they are guids or some type of "encrypted id". Look for potential leaks of this ID (public profile?) or look for patterns and see if you can generate your own & run it through burp intruder.
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The value of a parameter is used directly to retrieve a database record
http://foo.bar/somepage?invoice=12345 -
The value of a parameter is used directly to perform an operation in the system
http://foo.bar/changepassword?user=someuser -
The value of a parameter is used directly to retrieve a file system resource
http://foo.bar/showImage?img=img00011 -
The value of a parameter is used directly to access application functionality
http://foo.bar/accessPage?menuitem=12
1. Create two accounts if possible or else enumerate users first.
2. Check if the endpoint is private or public and does it contains any kind of id param.
3. Try changing the param value to some other user and see if does anything to their account.
4. Done !!GET /api/MyPictureList → /api/MyPictureList?user_id=<other_user_id>
Pro tip: You can find parameter names to try by deleting or editing other objects and seeing the parameter names used.Instead of this:
GET /api/albums?album_id=<album id>
Try This:
GET /api/albums?account_id=<account id>
Tip: There is a Burp extension called Paramalyzer which will help with this by remembering all the parameters you have passed to a host.Instead of this:
GET /api/account?id=<your account id> →
Try this:
GET /api/account?id=<your account id>&id=<admin's account id>
Tip: This is known as HTTP parameter pollution. Something like this might get you access to the admin’s accountInstead of this:
POST /api/account?id=<your account id> →
Try this:
PUT /api/account?id=<your account id>
Tip: Try switching POST and PUT and see if you can upload something to another user’s profile. For RESTful services, try changing GET to POST/PUT/DELETE to discover create/update/delete actions.Instead of this:POST /api/chat/join/123 […] Content-type: application/xml → test
Try this:
POST /api/chat/join/123 […] Content-type: application/json {“user”: “test”}
Tip: Access controls may be inconsistently implemented across different content types. Don’t forget to try alternative and less common values like text/xml, text/x-json, and similar.
Example:
GET /user_data/2341 --> 401 Unauthorized
GET /user_data/2341.json --> 200 OK
Tip: Experiment by appending different file extensions (e.g. .json, .xml, .config) to the end of requests that reference a document.There may be multiple ways of referencing objects in the database and the application only has access controls on one.
Try numeric IDs anywhere non-numeric IDs are accepted:
Example:
username=user1 → username=1234
account_id=7541A92F-0101-4D1E-BBB0-EB5032FE1686 → account_id=5678
album_id=MyPictures → album_id=12If a regular ID replacement isn’t working, try wrapping the ID in an array and see if that does the trick. For example:
{“id”:19} → {“id”:[19]}These can be very exciting bugs to find in the wild and are so simple. Try replacing an ID with a wildcard. You might get lucky!
GET /api/users/<user_id>/ → GET /api/users/*If you stumble upon a newly added feature within the web app, such as the ability to upload a profile picture for an upcoming charity event, and it performs an API call to:
/api/CharityEventFeb2021/user/pp/<ID>
It is possible that the application may not enforce access control for this new feature as strictly as it does for core features.Finding Broken Access Controls
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Looking for high impact IDOR?
Always try to find the hidden parameters for this endpoints using Arjun and Parameth
/settings/profile
/user/profile
/user/settings
/account/settings
/username
/profile
And any payment endpoint
Pro tip: Don’t forget to try create/update/delete operations on objects that are publicly readable but shouldn’t be writable. Can you PUT to /api/products and change a price?