k'th diagonal version of diag missing for Diagonal

[jakebolewski]

julia> d = Diagonal(rand(5,5))
5x5 Base.LinAlg.Diagonal{Float64}:
 0.670529  0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
 0.0       0.755698  0.0       0.0       0.0
 0.0       0.0       0.993278  0.0       0.0
 0.0       0.0       0.0       0.155609  0.0
 0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.224386

julia> diag(d)
5-element Array{Float64,1}:
 0.670529
 0.755698
 0.993278
 0.155609
 0.224386

julia> diag(d,1)
ERROR: MethodError: `similar` has no method matching similar(::Base.LinAlg.Diagonal{Float64}, ::Type{Float64}, ::(Int64,))

[jiahao]

Again, I would prefer to see this issue resolved as part of subsuming Diagonal, Bidiagonal, SymTridiagonal and Tridiagonal into a general Banded matrix format as proposed in #8240

[jakebolewski]

diag is also currently not defined for Symmetric or Hermitian.

This breaks trace for these matrix types as well.

[mbauman]

Fixed by #10525.