remove blanket Serialize + Deserialize requirement for Reflect on…

… generic types (bevyengine#5197)

# Objective

Some generic types like `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>` and `HashMap<K, V>` implement `Reflect` when where their generic types `T`/`K`/`V` implement `Serialize + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>`.
This is so that in their `GetTypeRegistration` impl they can insert the `ReflectSerialize` and `ReflectDeserialize` type data structs.

This has the annoying side effect that if your struct contains a `Option<NonSerdeStruct>` you won't be able to derive reflect (bevyengine#4054).

## Solution

- remove the `Serialize + Deserialize` bounds on wrapper types
  - this means that `ReflectSerialize` and `ReflectDeserialize` will no longer be inserted even for `.register::<Option<DoesImplSerde>>()`
- add `register_type_data<T, D>` shorthand for `registry.get_mut(T).insert(D::from_type<T>())`
- require users to register their specific generic types **and the serde types** separately like
```rust
        .register_type::<Option<String>>()
        .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectSerialize>()
        .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectDeserialize>()

```
I believe this is the best we can do for extensibility and convenience without specialization.


## Changelog

- `.register_type` for generic types like `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `HashMap<K, V>` will no longer insert `ReflectSerialize` and `ReflectDeserialize` type data. Instead you need to register it separately for concrete generic types like so:
```rust
        .register_type::<Option<String>>()
        .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectSerialize>()
        .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectDeserialize>()
```

TODO: more docs and tweaks to the scene example to demonstrate registering generic types.

crates/bevy_app/src/app.rs

@@ -862,7 +862,14 @@ impl App {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Adds the type `T` to the type registry [`Resource`].
+    /// Registers the type `T` in the [`TypeRegistry`](bevy_reflect::TypeRegistry) resource,
+    /// adding reflect data as specified in the [`Reflect`](bevy_reflect::Reflect) derive:
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// #[derive(Reflect)]
+    /// #[reflect(Component, Serialize, Deserialize)] // will register ReflectComponent, ReflectSerialize, ReflectDeserialize
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// See [`bevy_reflect::TypeRegistry::register`].
     #[cfg(feature = "bevy_reflect")]
     pub fn register_type<T: bevy_reflect::GetTypeRegistration>(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
         {
@@ -872,6 +879,39 @@ impl App {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Adds the type data `D` to type `T` in the [`TypeRegistry`](bevy_reflect::TypeRegistry) resource.
+    ///
+    /// Most of the time [`App::register_type`] can be used instead to register a type you derived [`Reflect`](bevy_reflect::Reflect) for.
+    /// However, in cases where you want to add a piece of type data that was not included in the list of `#[reflect(...)]` type data in the derive,
+    /// or where the type is generic and cannot register e.g. `ReflectSerialize` unconditionally without knowing the specific type parameters,
+    /// this method can be used to insert additional type data.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use bevy_app::App;
+    /// use bevy_reflect::{ReflectSerialize, ReflectDeserialize};
+    ///
+    /// App::new()
+    ///     .register_type::<Option<String>>()
+    ///     .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectSerialize>()
+    ///     .register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectDeserialize>();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// See [`bevy_reflect::TypeRegistry::register_type_data`].
+    #[cfg(feature = "bevy_reflect")]
+    pub fn register_type_data<
+        T: bevy_reflect::Reflect + 'static,
+        D: bevy_reflect::TypeData + bevy_reflect::FromType<T>,
+    >(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> &mut Self {
+        {
+            let registry = self.world.resource_mut::<bevy_reflect::TypeRegistryArc>();
+            registry.write().register_type_data::<T, D>();
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Adds an [`App`] as a child of the current one.
     ///
     /// The provided function `f` is called by the [`update`](Self::update) method. The [`World`]

crates/bevy_reflect/src/impls/std.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 use crate::utility::{GenericTypeInfoCell, NonGenericTypeInfoCell};
 use bevy_reflect_derive::{impl_from_reflect_value, impl_reflect_value};
-use bevy_utils::{Duration, HashMap, HashSet};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use bevy_utils::{Duration, HashMap, HashSet, Instant};
 use std::{
     any::Any,
     borrow::Cow,
@@ -33,10 +32,12 @@ impl_reflect_value!(isize(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize));
 impl_reflect_value!(f32(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize));
 impl_reflect_value!(f64(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize));
 impl_reflect_value!(String(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize));
-impl_reflect_value!(Option<T: Serialize + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Reflect + 'static>(Serialize, Deserialize));
-impl_reflect_value!(HashSet<T: Serialize + Hash + Eq + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Send + Sync + 'static>(Serialize, Deserialize));
-impl_reflect_value!(Range<T: Serialize + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Send + Sync + 'static>(Serialize, Deserialize));
+impl_reflect_value!(Option<T: Clone + Reflect + 'static>());
+impl_reflect_value!(Result<T: Clone + Reflect + 'static, E: Clone + Reflect + 'static>());
+impl_reflect_value!(HashSet<T: Hash + Eq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>());
+impl_reflect_value!(Range<T: Clone +  Send + Sync + 'static>());
 impl_reflect_value!(Duration(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize));
+impl_reflect_value!(Instant(Debug, Hash, PartialEq));
 
 impl_from_reflect_value!(bool);
 impl_from_reflect_value!(char);
@@ -55,15 +56,9 @@ impl_from_reflect_value!(isize);
 impl_from_reflect_value!(f32);
 impl_from_reflect_value!(f64);
 impl_from_reflect_value!(String);
-impl_from_reflect_value!(
-    Option<T: Serialize + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Reflect + 'static>
-);
-impl_from_reflect_value!(
-    HashSet<T: Serialize + Hash + Eq + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Send + Sync + 'static>
-);
-impl_from_reflect_value!(
-    Range<T: Serialize + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de> + Send + Sync + 'static>
-);
+impl_from_reflect_value!(Option<T: Clone + Reflect + 'static>);
+impl_from_reflect_value!(HashSet<T: Hash + Eq + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>);
+impl_from_reflect_value!(Range<T: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>);
 impl_from_reflect_value!(Duration);
 
 impl<T: FromReflect> Array for Vec<T> {
@@ -171,10 +166,9 @@ impl<T: FromReflect> Typed for Vec<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: FromReflect + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>> GetTypeRegistration for Vec<T> {
+impl<T: FromReflect> GetTypeRegistration for Vec<T> {
     fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration {
         let mut registration = TypeRegistration::of::<Vec<T>>();
-        registration.insert::<ReflectDeserialize>(FromType::<Vec<T>>::from_type());
         registration.insert::<ReflectFromPtr>(FromType::<Vec<T>>::from_type());
         registration
     }
@@ -323,12 +317,11 @@ impl<K: FromReflect + Eq + Hash, V: FromReflect> Typed for HashMap<K, V> {
 
 impl<K, V> GetTypeRegistration for HashMap<K, V>
 where
-    K: FromReflect + Clone + Eq + Hash + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,
-    V: FromReflect + Clone + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,
+    K: FromReflect + Clone + Eq + Hash,
+    V: FromReflect + Clone,
 {
     fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration {
         let mut registration = TypeRegistration::of::<HashMap<K, V>>();
-        registration.insert::<ReflectDeserialize>(FromType::<HashMap<K, V>>::from_type());
         registration.insert::<ReflectFromPtr>(FromType::<HashMap<K, V>>::from_type());
         registration
     }
@@ -476,11 +469,9 @@ impl<T: Reflect, const N: usize> Typed for [T; N] {
 macro_rules! impl_array_get_type_registration {
     ($($N:expr)+) => {
         $(
-            impl<T: Reflect + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>> GetTypeRegistration for [T; $N] {
+            impl<T: Reflect > GetTypeRegistration for [T; $N] {
                 fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration {
-                    let mut registration = TypeRegistration::of::<[T; $N]>();
-                    registration.insert::<ReflectDeserialize>(FromType::<[T; $N]>::from_type());
-                    registration
+                    TypeRegistration::of::<[T; $N]>()
                 }
             }
         )+

crates/bevy_reflect/src/tuple.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::utility::NonGenericTypeInfoCell;
 use crate::{
-    DynamicInfo, FromReflect, FromType, GetTypeRegistration, Reflect, ReflectDeserialize,
-    ReflectMut, ReflectRef, TypeInfo, TypeRegistration, Typed, UnnamedField,
+    DynamicInfo, FromReflect, GetTypeRegistration, Reflect, ReflectMut, ReflectRef, TypeInfo,
+    TypeRegistration, Typed, UnnamedField,
 };
-use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::slice::Iter;
@@ -534,11 +533,9 @@ macro_rules! impl_reflect_tuple {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<$($name: Reflect + Typed + for<'de> Deserialize<'de>),*> GetTypeRegistration for ($($name,)*) {
+        impl<$($name: Reflect + Typed),*> GetTypeRegistration for ($($name,)*) {
             fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration {
-                let mut registration = TypeRegistration::of::<($($name,)*)>();
-                registration.insert::<ReflectDeserialize>(FromType::<($($name,)*)>::from_type());
-                registration
+                TypeRegistration::of::<($($name,)*)>()
             }
         }
 

crates/bevy_reflect/src/type_registry.rs

@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ impl TypeRegistry {
         registry
     }
 
-    /// Registers the type `T`.
+    /// Registers the type `T`, adding reflect data as specified in the [`Reflect`] derive:
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// #[derive(Reflect)]
+    /// #[reflect(Component, Serialize, Deserialize)] // will register ReflectComponent, ReflectSerialize, ReflectDeserialize
+    /// ```
     pub fn register<T>(&mut self)
     where
         T: GetTypeRegistration,
@@ -100,6 +104,33 @@ impl TypeRegistry {
             .insert(registration.type_id(), registration);
     }
 
+    /// Registers the type data `D` for type `T`.
+    ///
+    /// Most of the time [`TypeRegistry::register`] can be used instead to register a type you derived [`Reflect`] for.
+    /// However, in cases where you want to add a piece of type data that was not included in the list of `#[reflect(...)]` type data in the derive,
+    /// or where the type is generic and cannot register e.g. `ReflectSerialize` unconditionally without knowing the specific type parameters,
+    /// this method can be used to insert additional type data.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use bevy_reflect::{TypeRegistry, ReflectSerialize, ReflectDeserialize};
+    ///
+    /// let mut type_registry = TypeRegistry::default();
+    /// type_registry.register::<Option<String>>();
+    /// type_registry.register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectSerialize>();
+    /// type_registry.register_type_data::<Option<String>, ReflectDeserialize>();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn register_type_data<T: Reflect + 'static, D: TypeData + FromType<T>>(&mut self) {
+        let data = self.get_mut(TypeId::of::<T>()).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            panic!(
+                "attempted to call `TypeRegistry::register_type_data` for type `{T}` with data `{D}` without registering `{T}` first",
+                T = std::any::type_name::<T>(),
+                D = std::any::type_name::<D>(),
+            )
+        });
+        data.insert(D::from_type());
+    }
+
     /// Returns a reference to the [`TypeRegistration`] of the type with the
     /// given [`TypeId`].
     ///

crates/bevy_time/src/time.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+use bevy_ecs::reflect::ReflectResource;
+use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
 use bevy_utils::{Duration, Instant};
 
 /// Tracks elapsed time since the last update and since the App has started
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Reflect, Debug, Clone)]
+#[reflect(Resource)]
 pub struct Time {
     delta: Duration,
     last_update: Option<Instant>,