jquery.glob.js

/*
 * jQuery Globalization plugin
 * http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob
 */
(function($) {

var localized = { en: {} };
localized["default"] = localized.en;

$.extend({
    findClosestCulture: function(name) {
        var match;
        if ( !name ) {
            match = $.culture || $.cultures["default"];
        }
        else if ( $.isPlainObject( name ) ) {
            match = name;
        }
        else {
            var lang,
                cultures = $.cultures,
                list = isArray( name ) ? name : name.split( ',' ),
                i, l = list.length,
                prioritized = [];
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                name = trim( list[ i ] );
                var pri, parts = name.split( ';' );
                lang = trim( parts[ 0 ] );
                if ( parts.length === 1 ) {
                    pri = 1;
                }
                else {
                    name = trim( parts[ 1 ] );
                    if ( name.indexOf("q=") === 0 ) {
                        name = name.substr( 2 );
                        pri = parseFloat( name, 10 );
                        pri = isNaN( pri ) ? 0 : pri;
                    }
                    else {
                        pri = 1;
                    }
                }
                prioritized.push( { lang: lang, pri: pri } );
            }
            prioritized.sort(function(a, b) {
                return a.pri < b.pri ? 1 : -1;
            });
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                lang = prioritized[ i ].lang;
                match = cultures[ lang ];
                // exact match?
                if ( match ) {
                    return match;
                }
            }
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                lang = prioritized[ i ].lang;
                // for each entry try its neutral language
                do {
                    var index = lang.lastIndexOf( "-" );
                    if ( index === -1 ) {
                        break;
                    }
                    // strip off the last part. e.g. en-US => en
                    lang = lang.substr( 0, index );
                    match = cultures[ lang ];
                    if ( match ) {
                        return match;
                    }
                }
                while ( 1 );
            }
        }
        return match || null;
    },
    preferCulture: function(name) {
        $.culture = $.findClosestCulture( name ) || $.cultures["default"];
    },
    localize: function(key, culture, value) {
        if (typeof culture === 'string') {
            culture = culture || "default";
            culture = $.cultures[ culture ] || { name: culture };
        }
        var local = localized[ culture.name ];
        if ( arguments.length === 3 ) {
            if ( !local) {
                local = localized[ culture.name ] = {};
            }
            local[ key ] = value;
        }
        else {
            if ( local ) {
                value = local[ key ];
            }
            if ( typeof value === 'undefined' ) {
                var language = localized[ culture.language ];
                if ( language ) {
                    value = language[ key ];
                }
                if ( typeof value === 'undefined' ) {
                    value = localized["default"][ key ];
                }
            }
        }
        return typeof value === "undefined" ? null : value;
    },
    format: function(value, format, culture) {
        culture = $.findClosestCulture( culture );
        if ( typeof value === "number" ) {
            value = formatNumber( value, format, culture );
        }
        else if ( value instanceof Date ) {
            value = formatDate( value, format, culture );
        }
        return value;
    },
    parseInt: function(value, radix, culture) {
        return Math.floor( $.parseFloat( value, radix, culture ) );
    },
    parseFloat: function(value, radix, culture) {
        culture = $.findClosestCulture( culture );
        var ret = NaN,
            nf = culture.numberFormat;

        // trim leading and trailing whitespace
        value = trim( value );
    
        // allow infinity or hexidecimal
        if (regexInfinity.test(value)) {
            ret = parseFloat(value, radix);
        }
        else if (!radix && regexHex.test(value)) {
            ret = parseInt(value, 16);
        }
        else {
            var signInfo = parseNegativePattern( value, nf, nf.pattern[0] ),
                sign = signInfo[0],
                num = signInfo[1];
            // determine sign and number
            if ( sign === "" && nf.pattern[0] !== "-n" ) {
                signInfo = parseNegativePattern( value, nf, "-n" );
                sign = signInfo[0];
                num = signInfo[1];
            }
            sign = sign || "+";
            // determine exponent and number
            var exponent,
                intAndFraction,
                exponentPos = num.indexOf( 'e' );
            if ( exponentPos < 0 ) exponentPos = num.indexOf( 'E' );
            if ( exponentPos < 0 ) {
                intAndFraction = num;
                exponent = null;
            }
            else {
                intAndFraction = num.substr( 0, exponentPos );
                exponent = num.substr( exponentPos + 1 );
            }
            // determine decimal position
            var integer,
                fraction,
                decSep = nf['.'],
                decimalPos = intAndFraction.indexOf( decSep );
            if ( decimalPos < 0 ) {
                integer = intAndFraction;
                fraction = null;
            }
            else {
                integer = intAndFraction.substr( 0, decimalPos );
                fraction = intAndFraction.substr( decimalPos + decSep.length );
            }
            // handle groups (e.g. 1,000,000)
            var groupSep = nf[","];
            integer = integer.split(groupSep).join('');
            var altGroupSep = groupSep.replace(/\u00A0/g, " ");
            if ( groupSep !== altGroupSep ) {
                integer = integer.split(altGroupSep).join('');
            }
            // build a natively parsable number string
            var p = sign + integer;
            if ( fraction !== null ) {
                p += '.' + fraction;
            }
            if ( exponent !== null ) {
                // exponent itself may have a number patternd
                var expSignInfo = parseNegativePattern( exponent, nf, "-n" );
                p += 'e' + (expSignInfo[0] || "+") + expSignInfo[1];
            }
            if ( regexParseFloat.test( p ) ) {
                ret = parseFloat( p );
            }
        }
        return ret;
    },
    parseDate: function(value, formats, culture) {
        culture = $.findClosestCulture( culture );

        var date, prop, patterns;
        if ( formats ) {
            if ( typeof formats === "string" ) {
                formats = [ formats ];
            }
            if ( formats.length ) {
                for ( var i = 0, l = formats.length; i < l; i++ ) {
                    var format = formats[ i ];
                    if ( format ) {
                        date = parseExact( value, format, culture );
                        if ( date ) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            patterns = culture.calendar.patterns;
            for ( prop in patterns ) {
                date = parseExact( value, patterns[prop], culture );
                if ( date ) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return date || null;
    }
});

// 1.    When defining a culture, all fields are required except the ones stated as optional.
// 2.    You can use $.extend to copy an existing culture and provide only the differing values,
//       a good practice since most cultures do not differ too much from the 'default' culture.
//       DO use the 'default' culture if you do this, as it is the only one that definitely
//       exists.
// 3.    Other plugins may add to the culture information provided by extending it. However,
//       that plugin may extend it prior to the culture being defined, or after. Therefore,
//       do not overwrite values that already exist when defining the baseline for a culture,
//       by extending your culture object with the existing one.
// 4.    Each culture should have a ".calendars" object with at least one calendar named "standard"
//       which serves as the default calendar in use by that culture.
// 5.    Each culture should have a ".calendar" object which is the current calendar being used,
//       it may be dynamically changed at any time to one of the calendars in ".calendars".

// To define a culture, use the following pattern, which handles defining the culture based
// on the 'default culture, extending it with the existing culture if it exists, and defining
// it if it does not exist.
// $.cultures.foo = $.extend(true, $.extend(true, {}, $.cultures['default'], fooCulture), $.cultures.foo)

var cultures = $.cultures = $.cultures || {};
var en = cultures["default"] = cultures.en = $.extend(true, {
    // A unique name for the culture in the form <language code>-<country/region code>
    name: "en",
    // the name of the culture in the english language
    englishName: "English",
    // the name of the culture in its own language
    nativeName: "English",
    // whether the culture uses right-to-left text
    isRTL: false,
    // 'language' is used for so-called "specific" cultures.
    // For example, the culture "es-CL" means "Spanish, in Chili".
    // It represents the Spanish-speaking culture as it is in Chili,
    // which might have different formatting rules or even translations
    // than Spanish in Spain. A "neutral" culture is one that is not
    // specific to a region. For example, the culture "es" is the generic
    // Spanish culture, which may be a more generalized version of the language
    // that may or may not be what a specific culture expects.
    // For a specific culture like "es-CL", the 'language' field refers to the
    // neutral, generic culture information for the language it is using.
    // This is not always a simple matter of the string before the dash.
    // For example, the "zh-Hans" culture is netural (Simplified Chinese).
    // And the 'zh-SG' culture is Simplified Chinese in Singapore, whose lanugage
    // field is "zh-CHS", not "zh".
    // This field should be used to navigate from a specific culture to it's
    // more general, neutral culture. If a culture is already as general as it 
    // can get, the language may refer to itself.
    language: "en",
    // numberFormat defines general number formatting rules, like the digits in
    // each grouping, the group separator, and how negative numbers are displayed.
    numberFormat: {
        // [negativePattern]
        // Note, numberFormat.pattern has no 'positivePattern' unlike percent and currency,
        // but is still defined as an array for consistency with them.
        //  negativePattern: one of "(n)|-n|- n|n-|n -"
        pattern: ["-n"], 
        // number of decimal places normally shown
        decimals: 2,
        // string that separates number groups, as in 1,000,000
        ',': ",",
        // string that separates a number from the fractional portion, as in 1.99
        '.': ".",
        // array of numbers indicating the size of each number group.
        // TODO: more detailed description and example
        groupSizes: [3],
        // symbol used for positive numbers
        '+': "+",
        // symbol used for negative numbers
        '-': "-",
        percent: {
            // [negativePattern, positivePattern]
            //     negativePattern: one of "-n %|-n%|-%n|%-n|%n-|n-%|n%-|-% n|n %-|% n-|% -n|n- %"
            //     positivePattern: one of "n %|n%|%n|% n"
            pattern: ["-n %","n %"], 
            // number of decimal places normally shown
            decimals: 2,
            // array of numbers indicating the size of each number group.
            // TODO: more detailed description and example
            groupSizes: [3],
            // string that separates number groups, as in 1,000,000
            ',': ",",
            // string that separates a number from the fractional portion, as in 1.99
            '.': ".",
            // symbol used to represent a percentage
            symbol: "%"
        },
        currency: {
            // [negativePattern, positivePattern]
            //     negativePattern: one of "($n)|-$n|$-n|$n-|(n$)|-n$|n-$|n$-|-n $|-$ n|n $-|$ n-|$ -n|n- $|($ n)|(n $)"
            //     positivePattern: one of "$n|n$|$ n|n $"
            pattern: ["($n)","$n"],
            // number of decimal places normally shown
            decimals: 2,
            // array of numbers indicating the size of each number group.
            // TODO: more detailed description and example
            groupSizes: [3],
            // string that separates number groups, as in 1,000,000
            ',': ",",
            // string that separates a number from the fractional portion, as in 1.99
            '.': ".",
            // symbol used to represent currency
            symbol: "$"
        }
    },
    // calendars defines all the possible calendars used by this culture.
    // There should be at least one defined with name 'standard', and is the default
    // calendar used by the culture.
    // A calendar contains information about how dates are formatted, information about
    // the calendar's eras, a standard set of the date formats,
    // translations for day and month names, and if the calendar is not based on the Gregorian
    // calendar, conversion functions to and from the Gregorian calendar.
    calendars: {
        standard: {
            // name that identifies the type of calendar this is
            name: "Gregorian_USEnglish",
            // separator of parts of a date (e.g. '/' in 11/05/1955)
            '/': "/",
            // separator of parts of a time (e.g. ':' in 05:44 PM)
            ':': ":",
            // the first day of the week (0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday, etc)
            firstDay: 0,
            days: {
                // full day names
                names: ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],
                // abbreviated day names
                namesAbbr: ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],
                // shortest day names
                namesShort: ["Su","Mo","Tu","We","Th","Fr","Sa"]
            },
            months: {
                // full month names (13 months for lunar calendards -- 13th month should be "" if not lunar)
                names: ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December",""],
                // abbreviated month names
                namesAbbr: ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec",""]
            },
            // AM and PM designators in one of these forms:
            // The usual view, and the upper and lower case versions
            //      [standard,lowercase,uppercase] 
            // The culture does not use AM or PM (likely all standard date formats use 24 hour time)
            //      null
            AM: ["AM", "am", "AM"],
            PM: ["PM", "pm", "PM"],
            eras: [
                // eras in reverse chronological order.
                // name: the name of the era in this culture (e.g. A.D., C.E.)
                // start: when the era starts in ticks (gregorian, gmt), null if it is the earliest supported era.
                // offset: offset in years from gregorian calendar
                { "name": "A.D.", "start": null, "offset": 0 }
            ],
            // when a two digit year is given, it will never be parsed as a four digit
            // year greater than this year (in the appropriate era for the culture)
            // Set it as a full year (e.g. 2029) or use an offset format starting from
            // the current year: "+19" would correspond to 2029 if the current year 2010.
            twoDigitYearMax: 2029,
            // set of predefined date and time patterns used by the culture
            // these represent the format someone in this culture would expect
            // to see given the portions of the date that are shown.
            patterns: {
                // short date pattern
                d: "M/d/yyyy",
                // long date pattern
                D: "dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy",
                // short time pattern
                t: "h:mm tt",
                // long time pattern
                T: "h:mm:ss tt",
                // long date, short time pattern
                f: "dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy h:mm tt",
                // long date, long time pattern
                F: "dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy h:mm:ss tt",
                // month/day pattern
                M: "MMMM dd",
                // month/year pattern
                Y: "yyyy MMMM",
                // S is a sortable format that does not vary by culture
                S: "yyyy\u0027-\u0027MM\u0027-\u0027dd\u0027T\u0027HH\u0027:\u0027mm\u0027:\u0027ss"
            }
            // optional fields for each calendar:
            /*
            monthsGenitive:
                Same as months but used when the day preceeds the month.
                Omit if the culture has no genitive distinction in month names.
                For an explaination of genitive months, see http://blogs.msdn.com/michkap/archive/2004/12/25/332259.aspx
            convert:
                Allows for the support of non-gregorian based calendars. This convert object is used to
                to convert a date to and from a gregorian calendar date to handle parsing and formatting.
                The two functions:
                    fromGregorian(date)
                        Given the date as a parameter, return an array with parts [year, month, day]
                        corresponding to the non-gregorian based year, month, and day for the calendar.
                    toGregorian(year, month, day)
                        Given the non-gregorian year, month, and day, return a new Date() object 
                        set to the corresponding date in the gregorian calendar.
            */
        }
    }
}, cultures.en);
en.calendar = en.calendar || en.calendars.standard;

var regexTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g,
    regexInfinity = /^[+-]?infinity$/i,
    regexHex = /^0x[a-f0-9]+$/i,
    regexParseFloat = /^[+-]?\d*\.?\d*(e[+-]?\d+)?$/,
    toString = Object.prototype.toString;

function startsWith(value, pattern) {
    return value.indexOf( pattern ) === 0;
}

function endsWith(value, pattern) {
    return value.substr( value.length - pattern.length ) === pattern;
}

function trim(value) {
    return (value+"").replace( regexTrim, "" );
}

function zeroPad(str, count, left) {
    for (var l=str.length; l < count; l++) {
        str = (left ? ('0' + str) : (str + '0'));
    }
    return str;
}

function isArray(obj) {
   return toString.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
}

function arrayIndexOf( array, item ) {
    if ( array.indexOf ) {
        return array.indexOf( item );
    }
    for ( var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++ ) {
        if ( array[ i ] === item ) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

// *************************************** Numbers ***************************************

function expandNumber(number, precision, formatInfo) {
    var groupSizes = formatInfo.groupSizes,
        curSize = groupSizes[ 0 ],
        curGroupIndex = 1,
        factor = Math.pow( 10, precision ),
        rounded = Math.round( number * factor ) / factor;
    if ( !isFinite(rounded) ) {
        rounded = number;
    }
    number = rounded;
        
    var numberString = number+"",
        right = "",
        split = numberString.split(/e/i),
        exponent = split.length > 1 ? parseInt( split[ 1 ], 10 ) : 0;
    numberString = split[ 0 ];
    split = numberString.split( "." );
    numberString = split[ 0 ];
    right = split.length > 1 ? split[ 1 ] : "";
        
    var l;
    if ( exponent > 0 ) {
        right = zeroPad( right, exponent, false );
        numberString += right.slice( 0, exponent );
        right = right.substr( exponent );
    }
    else if ( exponent < 0 ) {
        exponent = -exponent;
        numberString = zeroPad( numberString, exponent + 1 );
        right = numberString.slice( -exponent, numberString.length ) + right;
        numberString = numberString.slice( 0, -exponent );
    }

    if ( precision > 0 ) {
        right = formatInfo['.'] +
            ((right.length > precision) ? right.slice( 0, precision ) : zeroPad( right, precision ));
    }
    else {
        right = "";
    }

    var stringIndex = numberString.length - 1,
        sep = formatInfo[","],
        ret = "";

    while ( stringIndex >= 0 ) {
        if ( curSize === 0 || curSize > stringIndex ) {
            return numberString.slice( 0, stringIndex + 1 ) + ( ret.length ? ( sep + ret + right ) : right );
        }
        ret = numberString.slice( stringIndex - curSize + 1, stringIndex + 1 ) + ( ret.length ? ( sep + ret ) : "" );

        stringIndex -= curSize;

        if ( curGroupIndex < groupSizes.length ) {
            curSize = groupSizes[ curGroupIndex ];
            curGroupIndex++;
        }
    }
    return numberString.slice( 0, stringIndex + 1 ) + sep + ret + right;
}


function parseNegativePattern(value, nf, negativePattern) {
    var neg = nf["-"],
        pos = nf["+"],
        ret;
    switch (negativePattern) {
        case "n -":
            neg = ' ' + neg;
            pos = ' ' + pos;
            // fall through
        case "n-":
            if ( endsWith( value, neg ) ) {
                ret = [ '-', value.substr( 0, value.length - neg.length ) ];
            }
            else if ( endsWith( value, pos ) ) {
                ret = [ '+', value.substr( 0, value.length - pos.length ) ];
            }
            break;
        case "- n":
            neg += ' ';
            pos += ' ';
            // fall through
        case "-n":
            if ( startsWith( value, neg ) ) {
                ret = [ '-', value.substr( neg.length ) ];
            }
            else if ( startsWith(value, pos) ) {
                ret = [ '+', value.substr( pos.length ) ];
            }
            break;
        case "(n)":
            if ( startsWith( value, '(' ) && endsWith( value, ')' ) ) {
                ret = [ '-', value.substr( 1, value.length - 2 ) ];
            }
            break;
    }
    return ret || [ '', value ];
}

function formatNumber(value, format, culture) {
    if ( !format || format === 'i' ) {
        return culture.name.length ? value.toLocaleString() : value.toString();
    }
    format = format || "D";

    var nf = culture.numberFormat,
        number = Math.abs(value),
        precision = -1,
        pattern;
    if (format.length > 1) precision = parseInt( format.slice( 1 ), 10 );

    var current = format.charAt( 0 ).toUpperCase(),
        formatInfo;

    switch (current) {
        case "D":
            pattern = 'n';
            if (precision !== -1) {
                number = zeroPad( ""+number, precision, true );
            }
            if (value < 0) number = -number;
            break;
        case "N":
            formatInfo = nf;
            // fall through
        case "C":
            formatInfo = formatInfo || nf.currency;
            // fall through
        case "P":
            formatInfo = formatInfo || nf.percent;
            pattern = value < 0 ? formatInfo.pattern[0] : (formatInfo.pattern[1] || "n");
            if (precision === -1) precision = formatInfo.decimals;
            number = expandNumber( number * (current === "P" ? 100 : 1), precision, formatInfo );
            break;
        default:
            throw "Bad number format specifier: " + current;
    }

    var patternParts = /n|\$|-|%/g,
        ret = "";
    for (;;) {
        var index = patternParts.lastIndex,
            ar = patternParts.exec(pattern);

        ret += pattern.slice( index, ar ? ar.index : pattern.length );

        if (!ar) {
            break;
        }

        switch (ar[0]) {
            case "n":
                ret += number;
                break;
            case "$":
                ret += nf.currency.symbol;
                break;
            case "-":
                // don't make 0 negative
                if ( /[1-9]/.test( number ) ) {
                    ret += nf["-"];
                }
                break;
            case "%":
                ret += nf.percent.symbol;
                break;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

// *************************************** Dates ***************************************

function outOfRange(value, low, high) {
    return value < low || value > high;
}

function expandYear(cal, year) {
    // expands 2-digit year into 4 digits.
    var now = new Date(),
        era = getEra(now);
    if ( year < 100 ) {
        var twoDigitYearMax = cal.twoDigitYearMax;
        twoDigitYearMax = typeof twoDigitYearMax === 'string' ? new Date().getFullYear() % 100 + parseInt( twoDigitYearMax, 10 ) : twoDigitYearMax;
        var curr = getEraYear( now, cal, era );
        year += curr - ( curr % 100 );
        if ( year > twoDigitYearMax ) {
            year -= 100;
        }
    }
    return year;
}

function getEra(date, eras) {
    if ( !eras ) return 0;
    var start, ticks = date.getTime();
    for ( var i = 0, l = eras.length; i < l; i++ ) {
        start = eras[ i ].start;
        if ( start === null || ticks >= start ) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

function toUpper(value) {
    // 'he-IL' has non-breaking space in weekday names.
    return value.split( "\u00A0" ).join(' ').toUpperCase();
}

function toUpperArray(arr) {
    var results = [];
    for ( var i = 0, l = arr.length; i < l; i++ ) {
        results[i] = toUpper(arr[i]);
    }
    return results;
}

function getEraYear(date, cal, era, sortable) {
    var year = date.getFullYear();
    if ( !sortable && cal.eras ) {
        // convert normal gregorian year to era-shifted gregorian
        // year by subtracting the era offset
        year -= cal.eras[ era ].offset;
    }    
    return year;
}

function getDayIndex(cal, value, abbr) {
    var ret,
        days = cal.days,
        upperDays = cal._upperDays;
    if ( !upperDays ) {
        cal._upperDays = upperDays = [
            toUpperArray( days.names ),
            toUpperArray( days.namesAbbr ),
            toUpperArray( days.namesShort )
        ];
    }
    value = toUpper( value );
    if ( abbr ) {
        ret = arrayIndexOf( upperDays[ 1 ], value );
        if ( ret === -1 ) {
            ret = arrayIndexOf( upperDays[ 2 ], value );
        }
    }
    else {
        ret = arrayIndexOf( upperDays[ 0 ], value );
    }
    return ret;
}

function getMonthIndex(cal, value, abbr) {
    var months = cal.months,
        monthsGen = cal.monthsGenitive || cal.months,
        upperMonths = cal._upperMonths,
        upperMonthsGen = cal._upperMonthsGen;
    if ( !upperMonths ) {
        cal._upperMonths = upperMonths = [
            toUpperArray( months.names ),
            toUpperArray( months.namesAbbr ),
        ];
        cal._upperMonthsGen = upperMonthsGen = [
            toUpperArray( monthsGen.names ),
            toUpperArray( monthsGen.namesAbbr )
        ];
    }
    value = toUpper( value );
    var i = arrayIndexOf( abbr ? upperMonths[ 1 ] : upperMonths[ 0 ], value );
    if ( i < 0 ) {
        i = arrayIndexOf( abbr ? upperMonthsGen[ 1 ] : upperMonthsGen[ 0 ], value );
    }
    return i;
}

function appendPreOrPostMatch(preMatch, strings) {
    // appends pre- and post- token match strings while removing escaped characters.
    // Returns a single quote count which is used to determine if the token occurs
    // in a string literal.
    var quoteCount = 0,
        escaped = false;
    for ( var i = 0, il = preMatch.length; i < il; i++ ) {
        var c = preMatch.charAt( i );
        switch ( c ) {
            case '\'':
                if ( escaped ) {
                    strings.push( "'" );
                }
                else {
                    quoteCount++;
                }
                escaped = false;
                break;
            case '\\':
                if ( escaped ) {
                    strings.push( "\\" );
                }
                escaped = !escaped;
                break;
            default:
                strings.push( c );
                escaped = false;
                break;
        }
    }
    return quoteCount;
}

function expandFormat(cal, format) {
    // expands unspecified or single character date formats into the full pattern.
    format = format || "F";
    var pattern,
        patterns = cal.patterns,
        len = format.length;
    if ( len === 1 ) {
        pattern = patterns[ format ];
        if ( !pattern ) {
            throw "Invalid date format string '" + format + "'.";
        }
        format = pattern;
    }
    else if ( len === 2  && format.charAt(0) === "%" ) {
        // %X escape format -- intended as a custom format string that is only one character, not a built-in format.
        format = format.charAt( 1 );
    }
    return format;
}

function getParseRegExp(cal, format) {
    // converts a format string into a regular expression with groups that
    // can be used to extract date fields from a date string.
    // check for a cached parse regex.
    var re = cal._parseRegExp;
    if ( !re ) {
        cal._parseRegExp = re = {};
    }
    else {
        var reFormat = re[ format ];
        if ( reFormat ) {
            return reFormat;
        }
    }

    // expand single digit formats, then escape regular expression characters.
    var expFormat = expandFormat( cal, format ).replace( /([\^\$\.\*\+\?\|\[\]\(\)\{\}])/g, "\\\\$1" ),
        regexp = ["^"],
        groups = [],
        index = 0,
        quoteCount = 0,
        tokenRegExp = getTokenRegExp(),
        match;

    // iterate through each date token found.
    while ( (match = tokenRegExp.exec( expFormat )) !== null ) {
        var preMatch = expFormat.slice( index, match.index );
        index = tokenRegExp.lastIndex;

        // don't replace any matches that occur inside a string literal.
        quoteCount += appendPreOrPostMatch( preMatch, regexp );
        if ( quoteCount % 2 ) {
            regexp.push( match[ 0 ] );
            continue;
        }

        // add a regex group for the token.
        var m = match[ 0 ],
            len = m.length,
            add;
        switch ( m ) {
            case 'dddd': case 'ddd':
            case 'MMMM': case 'MMM':
            case 'gg': case 'g':
                add = "(\\D+)";
                break;
            case 'tt': case 't':
                add = "(\\D*)";
                break;
            case 'yyyy':
            case 'fff':
            case 'ff':
            case 'f':
                add = "(\\d{" + len + "})";
                break;
            case 'dd': case 'd':
            case 'MM': case 'M':
            case 'yy': case 'y':
            case 'HH': case 'H':
            case 'hh': case 'h':
            case 'mm': case 'm':
            case 'ss': case 's':
                add = "(\\d\\d?)";
                break;
            case 'zzz':
                add = "([+-]?\\d\\d?:\\d{2})";
                break;
            case 'zz': case 'z':
                add = "([+-]?\\d\\d?)";
                break;
            case '/':
                add = "(\\" + cal["/"] + ")";
                break;
            default:
                throw "Invalid date format pattern '" + m + "'.";
                break;
        }
        if ( add ) {
            regexp.push( add );
        }
        groups.push( match[ 0 ] );
    }
    appendPreOrPostMatch( expFormat.slice( index ), regexp );
    regexp.push( "$" );

    // allow whitespace to differ when matching formats.
    var regexpStr = regexp.join( '' ).replace( /\s+/g, "\\s+" ),
        parseRegExp = {'regExp': regexpStr, 'groups': groups};

    // cache the regex for this format.
    return re[ format ] = parseRegExp;
}

function getTokenRegExp() {
    // regular expression for matching date and time tokens in format strings.
    return /\/|dddd|ddd|dd|d|MMMM|MMM|MM|M|yyyy|yy|y|hh|h|HH|H|mm|m|ss|s|tt|t|fff|ff|f|zzz|zz|z|gg|g/g;
}

function parseExact(value, format, culture) {
    // try to parse the date string by matching against the format string
    // while using the specified culture for date field names.
    value = trim( value );
    var cal = culture.calendar,
        // convert date formats into regular expressions with groupings.
        // use the regexp to determine the input format and extract the date fields.
        parseInfo = getParseRegExp(cal, format),
        match = new RegExp(parseInfo.regExp).exec(value);
    if (match === null) {
        return null;
    }
    // found a date format that matches the input.
    var groups = parseInfo.groups,
        era = null, year = null, month = null, date = null, weekDay = null,
        hour = 0, hourOffset, min = 0, sec = 0, msec = 0, tzMinOffset = null,
        pmHour = false;
    // iterate the format groups to extract and set the date fields.
    for ( var j = 0, jl = groups.length; j < jl; j++ ) {
        var matchGroup = match[ j + 1 ];
        if ( matchGroup ) {
            var current = groups[ j ],
                clength = current.length,
                matchInt = parseInt( matchGroup, 10 );
            switch ( current ) {
                case 'dd': case 'd':
                    // Day of month.
                    date = matchInt;
                    // check that date is generally in valid range, also checking overflow below.
                    if ( outOfRange( date, 1, 31 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'MMM':
                case 'MMMM':
                    month = getMonthIndex( cal, matchGroup, clength === 3 );
                    if ( outOfRange( month, 0, 11 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'M': case 'MM':
                    // Month.
                    month = matchInt - 1;
                    if ( outOfRange( month, 0, 11 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'y': case 'yy':
                case 'yyyy':
                    year = clength < 4 ? expandYear( cal, matchInt ) : matchInt;
                    if ( outOfRange( year, 0, 9999 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'h': case 'hh':
                    // Hours (12-hour clock).
                    hour = matchInt;
                    if ( hour === 12 ) hour = 0;
                    if ( outOfRange( hour, 0, 11 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'H': case 'HH':
                    // Hours (24-hour clock).
                    hour = matchInt;
                    if ( outOfRange( hour, 0, 23 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'm': case 'mm':
                    // Minutes.
                    min = matchInt;
                    if ( outOfRange( min, 0, 59 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 's': case 'ss':
                    // Seconds.
                    sec = matchInt;
                    if ( outOfRange( sec, 0, 59 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'tt': case 't':
                    // AM/PM designator.
                    // see if it is standard, upper, or lower case PM. If not, ensure it is at least one of
                    // the AM tokens. If not, fail the parse for this format.
                    pmHour = cal.PM && ( matchGroup === cal.PM[0] || matchGroup === cal.PM[1] || matchGroup === cal.PM[2] );
                    if ( !pmHour && ( !cal.AM || (matchGroup !== cal.AM[0] && matchGroup !== cal.AM[1] && matchGroup !== cal.AM[2]) ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'f':
                    // Deciseconds.
                case 'ff':
                    // Centiseconds.
                case 'fff':
                    // Milliseconds.
                    msec = matchInt * Math.pow( 10, 3-clength );
                    if ( outOfRange( msec, 0, 999 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'ddd':
                    // Day of week.
                case 'dddd':
                    // Day of week.
                    weekDay = getDayIndex( cal, matchGroup, clength === 3 );
                    if ( outOfRange( weekDay, 0, 6 ) ) return null;
                    break;
                case 'zzz':
                    // Time zone offset in +/- hours:min.
                    var offsets = matchGroup.split( /:/ );
                    if ( offsets.length !== 2 ) return null;
                    hourOffset = parseInt( offsets[ 0 ], 10 );
                    if ( outOfRange( hourOffset, -12, 13 ) ) return null;
                    var minOffset = parseInt( offsets[ 1 ], 10 );
                    if ( outOfRange( minOffset, 0, 59 ) ) return null;
                    tzMinOffset = (hourOffset * 60) + (startsWith( matchGroup, '-' ) ? -minOffset : minOffset);
                    break;
                case 'z': case 'zz':
                    // Time zone offset in +/- hours.
                    hourOffset = matchInt;
                    if ( outOfRange( hourOffset, -12, 13 ) ) return null;
                    tzMinOffset = hourOffset * 60;
                    break;
                case 'g': case 'gg':
                    var eraName = matchGroup;
                    if ( !eraName || !cal.eras ) return null;
                    eraName = trim( eraName.toLowerCase() );
                    for ( var i = 0, l = cal.eras.length; i < l; i++ ) {
                        if ( eraName === cal.eras[ i ].name.toLowerCase() ) {
                            era = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    // could not find an era with that name
                    if ( era === null ) return null;
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    var result = new Date(), defaultYear, convert = cal.convert;
    defaultYear = convert ? convert.fromGregorian( result )[ 0 ] : result.getFullYear();
    if ( year === null ) {
        year = defaultYear;
    }
    else if ( cal.eras ) {
        // year must be shifted to normal gregorian year
        // but not if year was not specified, its already normal gregorian
        // per the main if clause above.
        year += cal.eras[ (era || 0) ].offset;
    }
    // set default day and month to 1 and January, so if unspecified, these are the defaults
    // instead of the current day/month.
    if ( month === null ) {
        month = 0;
    }
    if ( date === null ) {
        date = 1;
    }
    // now have year, month, and date, but in the culture's calendar.
    // convert to gregorian if necessary
    if ( convert ) {
        result = convert.toGregorian( year, month, date );
        // conversion failed, must be an invalid match
        if ( result === null ) return null;
    }
    else {
        // have to set year, month and date together to avoid overflow based on current date.
        result.setFullYear( year, month, date );
        // check to see if date overflowed for specified month (only checked 1-31 above).
        if ( result.getDate() !== date ) return null;
        // invalid day of week.
        if ( weekDay !== null && result.getDay() !== weekDay ) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    // if pm designator token was found make sure the hours fit the 24-hour clock.
    if ( pmHour && hour < 12 ) {
        hour += 12;
    }
    result.setHours( hour, min, sec, msec );
    if ( tzMinOffset !== null ) {
        // adjust timezone to utc before applying local offset.
        var adjustedMin = result.getMinutes() - ( tzMinOffset + result.getTimezoneOffset() );
        // Safari limits hours and minutes to the range of -127 to 127.  We need to use setHours
        // to ensure both these fields will not exceed this range.  adjustedMin will range
        // somewhere between -1440 and 1500, so we only need to split this into hours.
        result.setHours( result.getHours() + parseInt( adjustedMin / 60, 10 ), adjustedMin % 60 );
    }
    return result;
}

function formatDate(value, format, culture) {
    var cal = culture.calendar,
        convert = cal.convert;
    if ( !format || !format.length || format === 'i' ) {
        var ret;
        if ( culture && culture.name.length ) {
            if ( convert ) {
                // non-gregorian calendar, so we cannot use built-in toLocaleString()
                ret = formatDate( value, cal.patterns.F, culture );
            }
            else {
                var eraDate = new Date( value.getTime() ),
                    era = getEra( value, cal.eras );
                eraDate.setFullYear( getEraYear( value, cal, era ) );
                ret = eraDate.toLocaleString();
            }
        }
        else {
            ret = value.toString();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    var eras = cal.eras,
        sortable = format === "s";
    format = expandFormat( cal, format );

    // Start with an empty string
    ret = [];
    var hour,
        zeros = ['0','00','000'],
        foundDay,
        checkedDay,
        dayPartRegExp = /([^d]|^)(d|dd)([^d]|$)/g,
        quoteCount = 0,
        tokenRegExp = getTokenRegExp(),
        converted;

    function padZeros(num, c) {
        var r, s = num+'';
        if ( c > 1 && s.length < c ) {
            r = ( zeros[ c - 2 ] + s);
            return r.substr( r.length - c, c );
        }
        else {
            r = s;
        }
        return r;
    }
    
    function hasDay() {
        if ( foundDay || checkedDay ) {
            return foundDay;
        }
        foundDay = dayPartRegExp.test( format );
        checkedDay = true;
        return foundDay;
    }
    
    function getPart( date, part ) {
        if ( converted ) {
            return converted[ part ];
        }
        switch ( part ) {
            case 0: return date.getFullYear();
            case 1: return date.getMonth();
            case 2: return date.getDate();
        }
    }

    if ( !sortable && convert ) {
        converted = convert.fromGregorian( value );
    }

    for (;;) {
        // Save the current index
        var index = tokenRegExp.lastIndex,
            // Look for the next pattern
            ar = tokenRegExp.exec( format );

        // Append the text before the pattern (or the end of the string if not found)
        var preMatch = format.slice( index, ar ? ar.index : format.length );
        quoteCount += appendPreOrPostMatch( preMatch, ret );

        if ( !ar ) {
            break;
        }

        // do not replace any matches that occur inside a string literal.
        if ( quoteCount % 2 ) {
            ret.push( ar[ 0 ] );
            continue;
        }
        
        var current = ar[ 0 ],
            clength = current.length;

        switch ( current ) {
            case "ddd":
                //Day of the week, as a three-letter abbreviation
            case "dddd":
                // Day of the week, using the full name
                names = (clength === 3) ? cal.days.namesAbbr : cal.days.names;
                ret.push( names[ value.getDay() ] );
                break;
            case "d":
                // Day of month, without leading zero for single-digit days
            case "dd":
                // Day of month, with leading zero for single-digit days
                foundDay = true;
                ret.push( padZeros( getPart( value, 2 ), clength ) );
                break;
            case "MMM":
                // Month, as a three-letter abbreviation
            case "MMMM":
                // Month, using the full name
                var part = getPart( value, 1 );
                ret.push( (cal.monthsGenitive && hasDay())
                    ? cal.monthsGenitive[ clength === 3 ? "namesAbbr" : "names" ][ part ]
                    : cal.months[ clength === 3 ? "namesAbbr" : "names" ][ part ] );
                break;
            case "M":
                // Month, as digits, with no leading zero for single-digit months
            case "MM":
                // Month, as digits, with leading zero for single-digit months
                ret.push( padZeros( getPart( value, 1 ) + 1, clength ) );
                break;
            case "y":
                // Year, as two digits, but with no leading zero for years less than 10
            case "yy":
                // Year, as two digits, with leading zero for years less than 10
            case "yyyy":
                // Year represented by four full digits
                part = converted ? converted[ 0 ] : getEraYear( value, cal, getEra( value, eras ), sortable );
                if ( clength < 4 ) {
                    part = part % 100;
                }
                ret.push( padZeros( part, clength ) );
                break;
            case "h":
                // Hours with no leading zero for single-digit hours, using 12-hour clock
            case "hh":
                // Hours with leading zero for single-digit hours, using 12-hour clock
                hour = value.getHours() % 12;
                if ( hour === 0 ) hour = 12;
                ret.push( padZeros( hour, clength ) );
                break;
            case "H":
                // Hours with no leading zero for single-digit hours, using 24-hour clock
            case "HH":
                // Hours with leading zero for single-digit hours, using 24-hour clock
                ret.push( padZeros( value.getHours(), clength ) );
                break;
            case "m":
                // Minutes with no leading zero  for single-digit minutes
            case "mm":
                // Minutes with leading zero  for single-digit minutes
                ret.push( padZeros( value.getMinutes(), clength ) );
                break;
            case "s":
                // Seconds with no leading zero for single-digit seconds
            case "ss":
                // Seconds with leading zero for single-digit seconds
                ret.push( padZeros(value .getSeconds(), clength ) );
                break;
            case "t":
                // One character am/pm indicator ("a" or "p")
            case "tt":
                // Multicharacter am/pm indicator
                part = value.getHours() < 12 ? (cal.AM ? cal.AM[0] : " ") : (cal.PM ? cal.PM[0] : " ");
                ret.push( clength === 1 ? part.charAt( 0 ) : part );
                break;
            case "f":
                // Deciseconds
            case "ff":
                // Centiseconds
            case "fff":
                // Milliseconds
                ret.push( padZeros( value.getMilliseconds(), 3 ).substr( 0, clength ) );
                break;
            case "z": 
                // Time zone offset, no leading zero
            case "zz":
                // Time zone offset with leading zero
                hour = value.getTimezoneOffset() / 60;
                ret.push( (hour <= 0 ? '+' : '-') + padZeros( Math.floor( Math.abs( hour ) ), clength ) );
                break;
            case "zzz":
                // Time zone offset with leading zero
                hour = value.getTimezoneOffset() / 60;
                ret.push( (hour <= 0 ? '+' : '-') + padZeros( Math.floor( Math.abs( hour ) ), 2 ) +
                    // Hard coded ":" separator, rather than using cal.TimeSeparator
                    // Repeated here for consistency, plus ":" was already assumed in date parsing.
                    ":" + padZeros( Math.abs( value.getTimezoneOffset() % 60 ), 2 ) );
                break;
            case "g":
            case "gg":
                if ( cal.eras ) {
                    ret.push( cal.eras[ getEra(value, eras) ].name );
                }
                break;
        case "/":
            ret.push( cal["/"] );
            break;
        default:
            throw "Invalid date format pattern '" + current + "'.";
            break;
        }
    }
    return ret.join( '' );
}

})(jQuery);