From 5c5bd5a145e5083305a1e62dcdf8b82be432ab31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Huppmann Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 15:19:31 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Implement proper tiers for final-energy variables (#215) --- definitions/variable/energy/final-energy.yaml | 48 +++++- .../variable/energy/tag_all_sectors.yaml | 23 +++ .../energy/tag_non_energy_sectors.yaml | 5 + ...tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-2.yaml | 79 +++++----- ...tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-3.yaml | 143 +++++++++--------- 5 files changed, 176 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-) diff --git a/definitions/variable/energy/final-energy.yaml b/definitions/variable/energy/final-energy.yaml index 950efa17..62369c94 100644 --- a/definitions/variable/energy/final-energy.yaml +++ b/definitions/variable/energy/final-energy.yaml @@ -3,156 +3,192 @@ description: Final energy consumption by all end-use sectors and all fuels, including non-energy use, excluding transmission/distribution losses unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy (w/o bunkers): description: Final energy consumption by all end-use sectors and all fuels including non-energy use, excluding international aviation and shipping (see "Bunkers"), excluding transmission/distribution losses unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # Non-energy use - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use: description: Final energy consumption in non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Final energy consumption of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} in non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Waste: description: Final energy consumption of non-renewable waste in non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|{Non-Energy Sector}: description: Final energy consumption by the {Non-Energy Sector} for non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|{Non-Energy Sector}|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Final energy consumption of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} by the {Non-Energy Sector} for non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|{Non-Energy Sector}|Waste: description: Final energy consumption of non-renewable waste by the {Non-Energy Sector} for non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|{Non-Energy Sector}|Other: description: Final energy consumption of other feedstocks by the {Non-Energy Sector} for non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 3 - Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other: description: Final energy consumption of other feedstocks in non-combustion processes unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # Final energy by fuel - Final Energy|Electricity: description: Final energy consumption of electricity (including on-site solar PV), excluding transmission/distribution losses unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Final energy fuel consumption of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 1 - Final Energy|Geothermal: description: Final energy consumption of geothermal energy (e.g., from decentralized or small-scale geothermal heating systems) excluding geothermal heat pumps unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|Waste: description: Final energy consumption of non-renewable waste unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|Solar: description: Final energy consumption of solar-thermal heat (e.g., from roof-top solar hot water collector systems) unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|Other: description: Final energy consumption of other energy sources unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # Final energy by sector and fuel - Final Energy|{Sector}: description: Final energy consumption by the {Sector} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|{Sector}|Electricity: description: Final energy consumption by the {Sector} of electricity unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|{Sector}|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Final energy consumption by the {Sector} of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 1 - Final Energy|{Sector}|Other: description: Final energy consumption by the {Sector} of other energy sources unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # additional combinations of sector and energy-carriers not included in {Sector} x {Secondary Fuel} - Final Energy|Industry|Geothermal: description: Final energy consumption by the industrial sector of geothermal heat unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Industry|Solar: description: Final energy consumption by the industrial sector of solar thermal heat unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Industry|Waste: description: Final energy consumption of non-renewable waste by the industrial sector unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # energy use for carbon capture and/or removal technologies - Final Energy|Carbon Management: description: Total energy use for carbon management, i.e., capture and/or removal of CO2 unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 navigate: Final Energy|Carbon Removal - Final Energy|Carbon Management|Electricity: description: Electricity use for carbon management unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 notes: See `Secondary Energy|Electricity|...` for the power generation mix navigate: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|Electricity - Final Energy|Carbon Management|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Use of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} for carbon management unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 2 navigate: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|{Secondary Fuel Level 2} - Final Energy|Carbon Management|Other: description: Use of other energy sources for carbon management unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # the list of carbon management technologies is given in # definitions/variable/emissions/tag_carbon-management.yaml - Final Energy|Carbon Management|{Carbon Management Technology}: description: Energy use for carbon management by {Carbon Management Technology} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Carbon Management|{Carbon Management Technology}|Electricity: description: Electricity use for carbon management by {Carbon Management Technology} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 notes: See `Secondary Energy|Electricity|...` for the power generation mix navigate: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|Electricity|{Carbon Management Technology} engage: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|Electricity|{Carbon Management Technology} - Final Energy|Carbon Management|{Carbon Management Technology}|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}: description: Use of {Secondary Fuel Level 2} for carbon management by {Carbon Management Technology} unit: EJ/yr - tier: "{Secondary Fuel Level 2}" + tier: 2 navigate: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}|{Carbon Management Technology} engage: Final Energy|Carbon Removal|{Secondary Fuel Level 2}|{Carbon Management Technology} - Final Energy|Carbon Management|{Carbon Management Technology}|Other: description: Use of other energy sources for carbon removal by {Carbon Management Technology} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 # additional variable for international aviation and shipping ("Bunkers") - Final Energy|Bunkers|{Bunker Sector}: description: Final energy consumption for {Bunker Sector} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 1 - Final Energy|Bunkers|{Transportation Sector}: description: Final energy consumption for {Transportation Sector} in international aviation and shipping unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Bunkers|{Bunker Sector}|{Transportation Sector}: description: Final energy consumption for {Transportation Sector} in {Bunker Sector} unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 engage: Final Energy|Bunkers|{Transportation Sector}|{Bunker Sector} navigate: Final Energy|Bunkers|{Transportation Sector}|{Bunker Sector} # additional variables for the water sector +- Final Energy|Commercial|Water: + description: Energy consumption for water desalination, extraction, and transfer + unit: EJ/yr + tier: 2 - Final Energy|Commercial|Water|Desalination: description: Energy consumption for water desalination unit: EJ/yr + tier: 3 - Final Energy|Commercial|Water|Groundwater Extraction: description: Energy consumption for groundwater extraction unit: EJ/yr + tier: 3 - Final Energy|Commercial|Water|Surface Water Extraction: description: Energy consumption for surface water extraction unit: EJ/yr + tier: 3 - Final Energy|Commercial|Water|Transfer: description: Energy consumption for water transfers unit: EJ/yr + tier: 3 diff --git a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_all_sectors.yaml b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_all_sectors.yaml index a77a2f4f..f6f46a06 100644 --- a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_all_sectors.yaml +++ b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_all_sectors.yaml @@ -5,35 +5,49 @@ description: industrial sector excluding non-energy use (e.g.feedstocks) - Industry|Iron and Steel: description: iron and steel sector excluding feedstocks + tier: ^1 - Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals: description: non-ferrous metals sector + tier: ^1 - Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals|Aluminum: description: aluminum + tier: ^1 - Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other Metals: description: non-ferrous metals sector excluding aluminum - Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals: + tier: ^1 description: non-metallic minerals sector - Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement: description: cement sector + tier: ^1 - Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other Minerals: description: non-metallic minerals sector excluding cement + tier: ^1 - Industry|Chemicals: description: chemicals sector excluding feedstocks + tier: ^1 # keep consistent with the sub-categories of `Chemicals` in the `Industrial-Process Sector` tag list - Industry|Chemicals|Ammonia: description: ammonia sector + tier: ^2 - Industry|Chemicals|Methanol: description: methanol sector + tier: ^2 - Industry|Chemicals|High-Value Chemicals: description: high-value-chemicals sector + tier: ^2 - Industry|Chemicals|Other Sector: description: other use in the chemical sector + tier: ^2 - Industry|Plastics: description: plastics sector + tier: ^1 - Industry|Pulp and Paper: description: pulp and paper + tier: ^1 - Industry|Other Sector: description: other industrial sectors + tier: ^1 - Residential: description: residential sector - Commercial: @@ -47,22 +61,31 @@ description: transportation sector including international aviation and shipping - Transportation|Bus: description: transportation sector by bus + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Light Duty Vehicle: description: transportation sector with light-duty vehicles + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Truck: description: trucking sector + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Rail: description: rail transportation sector + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Domestic Aviation: description: domestic aviation sector + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Domestic Shipping: description: domestic shipping sector + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Passenger: description: passenger transportation sector excluding international aviation and shipping + tier: ^1 - Transportation|Freight: description: freight transportation sector excluding international aviation and shipping + tier: ^1 - Bunkers: description: international aviation and shipping - Other Sector: description: other sectors + tier: ^1 diff --git a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_non_energy_sectors.yaml b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_non_energy_sectors.yaml index 90c3db46..19285355 100644 --- a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_non_energy_sectors.yaml +++ b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_non_energy_sectors.yaml @@ -13,13 +13,18 @@ # keep consistent with the sub-categories of `Industry|Chemicals` in the `Sector` tag list - Chemicals|Ammonia: description: ammonia sector + tier: ^1 - Chemicals|Methanol: description: methanol sector + tier: ^1 - Chemicals|High-Value Chemicals: description: high-value-chemicals sector + tier: ^1 - Chemicals|Other Sector: description: other use in the chemical sector + tier: ^1 - Plastics: description: plastics sector - Other Sector: description: other industries + tier: ^1 diff --git a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-2.yaml b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-2.yaml index 8fd956af..09d3433c 100644 --- a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-2.yaml +++ b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-2.yaml @@ -6,141 +6,136 @@ - Liquids: description: refined liquid fuels including oil products, fuels from gas and coal, synthetic fuels and biofuels - tier: "1" - Liquids|Biomass: description: liquid fuels from biomass - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Fossil: description: liquid fuels from fossil fuels including coal, natural gas and conventional/unconventional oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Oil: description: liquid fuels from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Coal: description: liquid fuels from coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Gas: description: liquid fuels from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Hydrogen: description: liquid fuels from hydrogen (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Electricity: description: liquid synthetic fuels from electricity, i.e., e-fuels (if hydrogen is not explicitly modeled as an intermediate product) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Other: description: sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Solids: description: solid energy carriers, including coal, briquettes, coke, and wood pellets - tier: "1" - Solids|Biomass: description: solid biomass (e.g., commercial charcoal, wood chips, wood pellets), not including traditional bioenergy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Solids|Coal: description: coal, lignite, and derived products (e.g., coke, briquettes) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases: description: gaseous fuels including natural gas and biogas, not including hydrogen - tier: "1" - Gases|Biomass: description: gaseous fuels from biogenic sources, mainly biogas - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Fossil: description: gaseous fuels from fossil fuels including natural gas and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Coal: description: gaseous fuels from fossil coal gasification - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Gas: description: fossil methane ("natural gas") - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen: description: gaseous fuels from hydrogen (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Electricity: description: gas from electricity i.e., 'power-to-gas' (if hydrogen is not explicitly modeled as an intermediate product) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Other: description: gaseous fuels from sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen: description: hydrogen - tier: "1" - Hydrogen|Biomass: description: hydrogen generated from biomass - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Fossil: description: hydrogen from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Oil: description: hydrogen from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Coal: description: hydrogen from coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Gas: description: hydrogen from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Electricity: description: hydrogen from electrolysis - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Nuclear: description: hydrogen from nuclear energy (e.g. thermochemical water splitting with nuclear heat) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Solar: description: hydrogen from solar energy (e.g. thermochemical water splitting with solar heat) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Other: description: hydrogen from other sources - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat: description: centralized heat - tier: "1" - Heat|Biomass: description: centralized heat from biomass, including biogas - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Fossil: description: centralized heat from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Oil: description: centralized heat from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Coal: description: centralized heat from coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Gas: description: centralized heat from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Hydrogen: description: centralized heat from hydrogen - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Geothermal: description: centralized heat from geothermal energy excluding ground-source heat pumps - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Electricity: description: centralized heat from electricity - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Nuclear: description: centralized heat from nuclear energy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Solar: description: centralized heat from solar energy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Other: description: centralized heat from sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 diff --git a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-3.yaml b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-3.yaml index f81f6838..a95acfb6 100644 --- a/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-3.yaml +++ b/definitions/variable/energy/tag_secondary_energy_carriers_level-3.yaml @@ -6,275 +6,270 @@ - Liquids: description: refined liquid fuels including oil products, fuels from gas and coal, synthetic fuels and biofuels - tier: "1" - Liquids|Biomass: description: liquid fuels from biomass - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Fossil: description: liquid fuels from fossil fuels including coal, natural gas and conventional/unconventional oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Oil: description: liquid fuels from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Coal: description: liquid fuels from coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Gas: description: liquid fuels from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Hydrogen: description: liquid fuels from hydrogen (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Hydrogen|Fossil: description: liquid fuels using hydrogen from fossils (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Liquids|Hydrogen|Biomass: description: liquid fuels using hydrogen generated from biomass (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Liquids|Hydrogen|Electricity: description: liquid fuels using hydrogen from electrolysis, i.e., e-fuels (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Liquids|Hydrogen|Other: description: liquid fuels using hydrogen from other sources (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Liquids|Electricity: description: liquid synthetic fuels from electricity, i.e., e-fuels (if hydrogen is not explicitly modeled as an intermediate product) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Liquids|Other: description: sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Solids: description: solid energy carriers, including coal, briquettes, coke, and wood pellets - tier: "1" - Solids|Biomass: description: solid biomass (e.g., commercial charcoal, wood chips, wood pellets), not including traditional bioenergy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Solids|Coal: description: coal, lignite, and derived products (e.g., coke, briquettes) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases: description: gaseous fuels including natural gas and biogas, not including hydrogen - tier: "1" - Gases|Biomass: description: gas from biogenic sources, mainly biogas - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Fossil: description: gaseous fuels from fossil fuels including natural gas and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Coal: description: gaseous fuels from coal gasification - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Gas: description: fossil methane ("natural gas") - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen: description: gaseous fuels from hydrogen (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen|Fossil: description: gaseous fuels using hydrogen from fossils (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen|Biomass: description: gaseous fuels using hydrogen generated from biomass (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen|Electricity: description: gaseous fuels using hydrogen from electrolysis, i.e., e-fuels (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Hydrogen|Other: description: gaseous fuels using hydrogen from other sources (if hydrogen is explicitly modeled as a commodity and not an implicit intermediate product of the transformation technologies) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Electricity: description: gas from electricity i.e., 'power-to-gas' (if hydrogen is not explicitly modeled as an intermediate product) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Gases|Other: description: gaseous fuels from sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen: description: hydrogen - tier: "1" - Hydrogen|Biomass: description: hydrogen generated from biomass - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS: description: hydrogen generated from biomass in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS: description: hydrogen generated from biomass without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Fossil: description: hydrogen from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS: description: hydrogen from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS: description: hydrogen from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Oil: description: hydrogen from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Oil|w/ CCS: description: hydrogen from refined crude oil in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Oil|w/o CCS: description: hydrogen from refined crude oil without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Coal: description: hydrogen from coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS: description: hydrogen from coal in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS: description: hydrogen from coal without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Gas: description: hydrogen from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS: description: hydrogen from fossil methane ('natural gas') in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS: description: hydrogen from fossil methane ('natural gas') without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Electricity: description: hydrogen from electrolysis - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Nuclear: description: hydrogen from nuclear energy (e.g. thermochemical water splitting with nuclear heat) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Solar: description: hydrogen from solar energy (e.g. thermochemical water splitting with solar heat) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Hydrogen|Other: description: hydrogen from other sources - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat: description: centralized heat - tier: "1" - Heat|Biomass: description: centralized heat from biomass, including biogas - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS: description: centralized heat from biomass in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS: description: centralized heat from biomass without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Fossil: description: centralized heat from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Fossil|w/ CCS: description: centralized heat from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Fossil|w/o CCS: description: centralized heat from fossil fuels including natural gas, oil and coal without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Oil: description: centralized heat from refined crude oil - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Oil|w/ CCS: description: centralized heat from refined crude oil in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Oil|w/o CCS: description: centralized heat from refined crude oil without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Coal: description: centralized heat from coal including lignite - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Coal|w/ CCS: description: centralized heat from coal including lignite in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Coal|w/o CCS: description: centralized heat from coal including lignite without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Gas: description: centralized heat from fossil methane ('natural gas') - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Gas|w/ CCS: description: centralized heat from fossil methane ('natural gas') in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Gas|w/o CCS: description: centralized heat from fossil methane ('natural gas') without carbon capture and storage (CCS) - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Hydrogen: description: centralized heat from hydrogen - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Hydrogen|Fossil: description: centralized heat using hydrogen from fossils unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Heat|Hydrogen|Biomass: description: centralized heat using hydrogen generated from biomass unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Heat|Hydrogen|Electricity: description: centralized heat using hydrogen from electrolysis unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Heat|Hydrogen|Other: description: centralized heat using hydrogen from other sources unit: EJ/yr - tier: "3" + tier: ^2 - Heat|Geothermal: description: centralized heat from geothermal energy excluding ground-source heat pumps - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Electricity: description: centralized heat from electricity - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Nuclear: description: centralized heat from nuclear energy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Solar: description: centralized heat from solar energy - tier: "2" + tier: ^1 - Heat|Other: description: centralized heat from sources that do not fit any other category - tier: "2" + tier: ^1