You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.Dismiss alert
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/bootsig.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/bootcode.bin to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/autoboot.txt not found
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/fixup.dat to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/dt-blob.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bootcfg.txt not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery7.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/armstub8-32.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:09 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:19 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 3072402798 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:19 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 3072402798 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 vendor class: dhcpcd-8.1.2:Linux-5.10.27-v7+:armv7l:BCM2835
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 client provides name: raspberrypi
Expected logs are produced in /var/log:
root@raspberrypi:/pxe-root/b66c4c16/var/log# ls -l
total 192
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 alternatives.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 00:42 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 986 Aug 2 12:45 auth.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 btmp
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 20042 Aug 2 12:45 daemon.log
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 1454 Aug 2 12:45 debug
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26956 Aug 2 00:42 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 faillog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 30517 Aug 2 12:45 kern.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 292292 Aug 2 12:45 lastlog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 29170 Aug 2 12:45 messages
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 12:45 private
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 51325 Aug 2 12:45 syslog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 208 Aug 2 12:45 user.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 2304 Aug 2 12:45 wtmp
Beginning with the next commit (922deae), all further firmware versions including the latest commit (ce56fb4) fail to start in a network boot scenario. Monitoring /var/log/daemon.log displays:
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/bootsig.bin not found
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/bootcode.bin to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/autoboot.txt not found
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:32:59 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:59 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/fixup.dat to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/dt-blob.bin not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bootcfg.txt not found
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery7.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/armstub8-32.bin not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:05 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:14 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 2344883336 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:33:14 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 2344883336 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Expected logs are NOT produced in /var/log:
root@raspberrypi:/pxe-root/b66c4c16/var/log# ls -l
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 alternatives.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 00:42 apt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 btmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26956 Aug 2 00:42 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 faillog
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 lastlog
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 12:33 private
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 384 Aug 2 12:33 wtmp
The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:
Using RPF's "Network boot your Raspberry Pi" tutorial (https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/net_tutorial.md), a Raspberry Pi 3B+ client network boots perfectly from a Raspberry Pi 4B server using firmware versions up through and including 5.10.27 (acf3b95). Monitoring /var/log/daemon.log displays:
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/bootsig.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/bootcode.bin to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/autoboot.txt not found
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/fixup.dat to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/dt-blob.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bootcfg.txt not found
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:04 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery7.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/armstub8-32.bin not found
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:06 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:09 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:21:19 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 3072402798 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:19 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 3072402798 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 vendor class: dhcpcd-8.1.2:Linux-5.10.27-v7+:armv7l:BCM2835
Aug 2 12:21:28 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 119991861 client provides name: raspberrypi
Expected logs are produced in /var/log:
root@raspberrypi:/pxe-root/b66c4c16/var/log# ls -l
total 192
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 alternatives.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 00:42 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 986 Aug 2 12:45 auth.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 btmp
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 20042 Aug 2 12:45 daemon.log
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 1454 Aug 2 12:45 debug
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26956 Aug 2 00:42 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 faillog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 30517 Aug 2 12:45 kern.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 292292 Aug 2 12:45 lastlog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 29170 Aug 2 12:45 messages
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 12:45 private
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 51325 Aug 2 12:45 syslog
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 208 Aug 2 12:45 user.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 2304 Aug 2 12:45 wtmp
Beginning with the next commit (922deae), all further firmware versions including the latest commit (ce56fb4) fail to start in a network boot scenario. Monitoring /var/log/daemon.log displays:
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/bootsig.bin not found
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/bootcode.bin to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 vendor class: PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 PXE(eth0) b8:27:eb:6c:4c:16 proxy
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 tags: eth0
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 broadcast response
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 1 option: 53 message-type 2
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 4 option: 54 server-identifier 192.168.1.117
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 9 option: 60 vendor-class 50:58:45:43:6c:69:65:6e:74
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 17 option: 97 client-machine-id 00:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16:4c:6c:b6:16...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 653460281 sent size: 32 option: 43 vendor-encap 06:01:03:0a:04:00:50:58:45:09:14:00:00:11...
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/autoboot.txt not found
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:58 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:32:59 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/start.elf to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:32:59 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/fixup.dat to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/dt-blob.bin not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.elf not found
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:00 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bootcfg.txt not found
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/overlays/overlay_map.dtb to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/config.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/cmdline.txt to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:01 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery7.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/recovery.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8-32.img not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel8.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: file /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/armstub8-32.bin not found
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: error 0 Early terminate received from 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:02 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: failed sending /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:05 raspberrypi dnsmasq-tftp[548]: sent /pxe-boot/b66c4c16/kernel7.img to 192.168.1.116
Aug 2 12:33:14 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 2344883336 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Aug 2 12:33:14 raspberrypi dnsmasq-dhcp[548]: 2344883336 available DHCP subnet: 192.168.1.255/255.255.255.0
Expected logs are NOT produced in /var/log:
root@raspberrypi:/pxe-root/b66c4c16/var/log# ls -l
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 alternatives.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 00:42 apt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 btmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26956 Aug 2 00:42 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 7 10:00 faillog
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 May 7 10:00 lastlog
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 12:33 private
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 384 Aug 2 12:33 wtmp
The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: