Add tutorial for cartesian histograms

[yvonnefroehlich]

Description of proposed changes

This PR aims to add a tutorial showing how to create cartesian histograms:

• using vertical and horizontal bars
• showing counts and frequency percent
• adding annotations to the bars
• showing cumulative values
• using color and pattern as fill for the bars
• using overlaid, stacked, and grouped bars

Releated to #2421 (comment)

Preview: https://pygmt-dev--2445.org.readthedocs.build/en/2445/tutorials/advanced/cartesian_histograms.html

Reminders

• Run make format and make check to make sure the code follows the style guide.
• Add tests for new features or tests that would have caught the bug that you're fixing.
• Add new public functions/methods/classes to doc/api/index.rst.
• Write detailed docstrings for all functions/methods.
• If wrapping a new module, open a 'Wrap new GMT module' issue and submit reasonably-sized PRs.
• If adding new functionality, add an example to docstrings or tutorials.
• Use underscores (not hyphens) in names of Python files and directories.

Slash Commands

You can write slash commands (/command) in the first line of a comment to perform
specific operations. Supported slash commands are:

• /format: automatically format and lint the code
• /test-gmt-dev: run full tests on the latest GMT development version

[yvonnefroehlich]

/format

[weiji14]

Quick question: What's a Cartesian histogram? Specifically, when is a histogram considered Cartesian or not?

[yvonnefroehlich]

Quick question: What's a Cartesian histogram? Specifically, when is a histogram considered Cartesian or not?

Beside Cartesian histograms created with pygmt.Figure.histogram, there are polar histograms or rose diagrams which can be created with pygmt.Figure.rose (gallery example at https://www.pygmt.org/latest/gallery/histograms/rose.html). In this tutorial I only want to address Cartesian histograms. I agree, that a similar tutorial for polar histograms can make sense, but this is nothing I can do for the v0.9.0 release.

[seisman]

Looks great to me.

[seisman]

Ping @GenericMappingTools/pygmt-maintainers to give this PR a final review.

[maxrjones]

This is great!