ConvertSegmentFilesToBertInputs.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Imports"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import glob\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from importlib import reload\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import logging as logger\n",
    "logger.basicConfig(format=\"%(asctime)s %(message)s\", level=logger.DEBUG,filename=\"/Users/emrecalisir/Documents/logs/out.log\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Functions generating the training and prediction files that will be used as input to the BERT Sentence Comparison"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# this func is used while the training input file of BERT is being produced\n",
    "def create_groundtruths_from_different_segments(couple1, couple2):\n",
    "    couples = []\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for i in range(0,len(couple1)):\n",
    "        for j in range(0, len(couple2)):\n",
    "            couples.append((couple1[i],couple2[j],False))            \n",
    "    return couples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# this func creates a randomly sampled and balanced dataset from true and false examples in a format which BERT can understand\n",
    "# the files should contain the segment boundary characters: ==========, otherwise it can't discriminate the segment boundaries\n",
    "# It's used to train the BERT model  \n",
    "def func_convert_files_to_bert_input_df_for_train(path,sample_size,outfile):\n",
    "    files = []\n",
    "    for filename in glob.glob(path):\n",
    "        with open(filename) as f: \n",
    "            lines = [line.rstrip() for line in f]\n",
    "            lines = lines[0:len(lines)-1]\n",
    "            #lines.append(\"#######\")\n",
    "            files.append(lines)\n",
    "            \n",
    "    arr = np.hstack(files)\n",
    "    lines = arr.tolist()\n",
    "    df = pd.DataFrame(lines, columns=[\"lines\"])\n",
    "    logger.info(\"DataFrame ready from the given files\")\n",
    "    print(\"DataFrame ready from the given files\")\n",
    "    print(df.shape)\n",
    "    logger.info(df.shape)\n",
    "    segment_start_indexes = np.where(df[\"lines\"]==\"==========\")\n",
    "    segment_index_list = segment_start_indexes[0].tolist()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    list_segment_start_end_indexes = []\n",
    "    for i in range(0,len(segment_index_list)):\n",
    "        for j in range(i, len(segment_index_list)):\n",
    "            if i==j:\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "            list_segment_start_end_indexes.append((segment_index_list[i],segment_index_list[j]))        \n",
    "            break\n",
    "            \n",
    "    list_segment_filled_numerics = []\n",
    "    for (x,y) in list_segment_start_end_indexes:\n",
    "        numerics = []\n",
    "        for i in range(x+1,y):\n",
    "            numerics.append(i)\n",
    "        list_segment_filled_numerics.append(numerics)\n",
    "    \n",
    "        random.shuffle(list_segment_filled_numerics)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    couples=[]\n",
    "    for i in range(0,len(list_segment_filled_numerics)):\n",
    "        if(i%100==0):\n",
    "            logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_same_segments started for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "        couple1 = list_segment_filled_numerics[i]\n",
    "        #print(couple1)\n",
    "        for k in range(0,len(couple1)):\n",
    "            for m in range(k, len(couple1)):\n",
    "                if(k==m):\n",
    "                    continue\n",
    "                couples.append((couple1[k],couple1[m],True))\n",
    "        if(i%100==0):\n",
    "            logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_same_segments completed for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "            logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_different_segments started for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "\n",
    "        ## To generate couples of sentences from different segments as possible, we apply some custom logic\n",
    "        cnt = 0\n",
    "        for j in range(i, len(list_segment_filled_numerics)):\n",
    "            if(i==j):\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "            if((j-i)<20):\n",
    "                #if it is slow on your machine, remove this condition\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "            if(cnt>40):\n",
    "                ## 40 records per iteration is enough to create false labeled couples, if this condition is not set, there will be millions of false labeled couples which is no-sense\n",
    "                break\n",
    "            ##if(j%5==0): \n",
    "                ## skip 10 records to generate more distributed false labeled couples\n",
    "            res = create_groundtruths_from_different_segments(list_segment_filled_numerics[i], list_segment_filled_numerics[j])                                            \n",
    "            couples = couples + res\n",
    "            cnt+=1\n",
    "        if(i%100==0):\n",
    "            logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_different_segments completed for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "\n",
    "    col_first_sentence_id = []\n",
    "    col_second_sentence_id = []\n",
    "    col_first_sentence = []\n",
    "    col_second_sentence= []\n",
    "    col_two_sentences_in_same_segment = []\n",
    "\n",
    "    for sen1,sen2,is_same in couples:\n",
    "        col_first_sentence_id.append(sen1)\n",
    "        col_second_sentence_id.append(sen2)\n",
    "        col_first_sentence.append(lines[sen1])\n",
    "        col_second_sentence.append(lines[sen2])\n",
    "        col_two_sentences_in_same_segment.append(is_same)\n",
    "\n",
    "    for i in range(len(col_first_sentence_id)):\n",
    "        if(i%100==0):\n",
    "            logger.info(str(col_first_sentence_id[i])+\",\"+str(col_second_sentence_id[i])+\",\"+str(col_first_sentence[i])+\",\"+str(col_second_sentence[i])+\",\"+str(col_two_sentences_in_same_segment[i]))\n",
    "\n",
    "    data_tuples = list(zip(col_first_sentence_id,col_second_sentence_id,col_first_sentence,col_second_sentence,col_two_sentences_in_same_segment))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    df = pd.DataFrame(data_tuples, columns=[\"first_sentence_id\",\"second_sentence_id\",\"first_sentence\",\"second_sentence\",\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    df_tmp = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==True]\n",
    "    df_true_size = len(df_tmp.index)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"df_true_size: \" + str(df_true_size))\n",
    "    logger.info(\"df_true_size: \" + str(df_true_size))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    df_tmp = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==False]\n",
    "    df_false_size = len(df_tmp.index)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"df_false_size: \" + str(df_false_size))\n",
    "    logger.info(\"df_false_size: \" + str(df_false_size))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    df_filter_size = 0\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if df_true_size<df_false_size:\n",
    "        df_filter_size = df_true_size\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        df_filter_size = df_false_size\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"df_filter_size: \" + str(df_filter_size))\n",
    "    logger.info(\"df_filter_size: \" + str(df_filter_size))\n",
    "        \n",
    "    df_true = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==True].sample(n=df_filter_size) \n",
    "\n",
    "    df_false = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==False].sample(n=df_filter_size) \n",
    "\n",
    "    df_balanced = pd.concat([df_true,df_false])\n",
    "\n",
    "    df_balanced = df_balanced.sample(frac=1).reset_index(drop=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "    df_balanced.to_pickle(outfile)\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "DataFrame ready from the given files\n",
      "(20986, 1)\n",
      "df_true_size: 39108\n",
      "df_false_size: 1810262\n",
      "df_filter_size: 39108\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "func_convert_files_to_bert_input_df_for_train(\"/Users/emrecalisir/Documents/data/wiki_italian/dev_train_test/*\",sample_size=200000,outfile=\"/Users/emrecalisir/Documents/data/wiki_italian/out.pickle\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# this func prepares the dataframe to be used as input to the BERT model's prediction function\n",
    "# it should not contain any segment boundary characters, such as ==========\n",
    "# It's the BERT model which will generate the segment boundaries \n",
    "def func_convert_files_to_bert_input_df_for_pred(path, out_file):\n",
    "    all_sentences = None\n",
    "    num_total_segments = 0\n",
    "    for filename in glob.glob(path):\n",
    "        with open(filename) as f: \n",
    "            lines = [line.rstrip() for line in f]\n",
    "            lines = lines[0:len(lines)-1]\n",
    "            line_ids = range(len(lines))\n",
    "            splits = filename.split(\"/\")\n",
    "            line_ids = [splits[len(splits)-1]+\"_\"+str(line_id) for line_id in line_ids]\n",
    "            line_ids = np.asarray(line_ids)\n",
    "            lines = np.asarray(lines)\n",
    "            combined = np.vstack((line_ids, lines)).T\n",
    "            boundaries = [elem for elem in lines if elem == '==========']\n",
    "            num_total_segments += len(boundaries)\n",
    "            if all_sentences is None:\n",
    "                all_sentences = combined\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                all_sentences = np.concatenate((all_sentences, combined))\n",
    "\n",
    "    dd = pd.DataFrame({'myid': all_sentences[:, 0], 'sentence': all_sentences[:, 1]})\n",
    "\n",
    "    prev_sentence = None\n",
    "    prev_id = None\n",
    "    new_segment_started = False\n",
    "    col_first_sentence_id = []\n",
    "    col_first_sentence = []\n",
    "    col_second_sentence_id = []\n",
    "    col_second_sentence = []\n",
    "    col_two_sentences_in_same_segment = []\n",
    "    for index, row in dd.iterrows():\n",
    "        if prev_sentence is None and prev_id is None:\n",
    "            if row['sentence'] == \"==========\":\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "            prev_sentence = row['sentence']\n",
    "            prev_id = row['myid']\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            current_sentence = row['sentence']\n",
    "            current_id = row['myid']\n",
    "            if current_sentence == \"==========\":\n",
    "                new_segment_started = True\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "\n",
    "            if not new_segment_started:\n",
    "                new_segment_started = False\n",
    "                col_first_sentence_id.append(prev_id)\n",
    "                col_first_sentence.append(prev_sentence)\n",
    "                col_second_sentence_id.append(current_id)\n",
    "                col_second_sentence.append(current_sentence)\n",
    "                col_two_sentences_in_same_segment.append(True)\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                col_first_sentence_id.append(prev_id)\n",
    "                col_first_sentence.append(prev_sentence)\n",
    "                col_second_sentence_id.append(current_id)\n",
    "                col_second_sentence.append(current_sentence)\n",
    "                col_two_sentences_in_same_segment.append(False)\n",
    "                new_segment_started = False\n",
    "\n",
    "            prev_id = current_id\n",
    "            prev_sentence = current_sentence\n",
    "\n",
    "    data_tuples = list(zip(col_first_sentence_id,col_second_sentence_id,col_first_sentence,col_second_sentence,col_two_sentences_in_same_segment))\n",
    "\n",
    "    df = pd.DataFrame(data_tuples, columns=[\"first_sentence_id\",\"second_sentence_id\",\"first_sentence\",\"second_sentence\",\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]) \n",
    "    df.to_pickle(out_file)\n",
    "    print(df.two_sentences_in_same_segment.value_counts())\n",
    "    return df\n",
    "        \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True     2390\n",
      "False    1241\n",
      "Name: two_sentences_in_same_segment, dtype: int64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_real_test = func_convert_files_to_bert_input_df_for_pred(\"/Users/emrecalisir/Documents/data/wiki_italian/real_test/*\",\"/Users/emrecalisir/Documents/data/italian_wiki_real_test.pickle\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3631, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 115,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_real_test.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "      <td>Approfittando della sua influenza sul pontefic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
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       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Papa Clemente V durante il suo pontificato ha ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Papa Clemente V durante il suo pontificato ha ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Il primo Papa ad assumere la tiara fu tutto so...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>3320.txt_28</td>\n",
       "      <td>3320.txt_29</td>\n",
       "      <td>Il primo Papa ad assumere la tiara fu tutto so...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Anche se viene criticato ingiustamente per la ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>3320.txt_29</td>\n",
       "      <td>3320.txt_31</td>\n",
       "      <td>Anche se viene criticato ingiustamente per la ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Papa Clemente V fu oggetto di notevoli attenzi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>3320.txt_31</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Papa Clemente V fu oggetto di notevoli attenzi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La provincia di Ferrara è una provincia italia...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_2</td>\n",
       "      <td>La provincia di Ferrara è una provincia italia...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confina a nord con il Veneto (provincia di Rov...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confina a nord con il Veneto (provincia di Rov...</td>\n",
       "      <td>È la provincia dell'Emilia-Romagna con maggior...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_5</td>\n",
       "      <td>È la provincia dell'Emilia-Romagna con maggior...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Si tratta di un'area completamente pianeggiant...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Si tratta di un'area completamente pianeggiant...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Il corso d'acqua principale che attraversa la ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Il corso d'acqua principale che attraversa la ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dirigendosi verso il mar Adriatico si incontra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dirigendosi verso il mar Adriatico si incontra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I laghi principali della provincia sono due: i...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_11</td>\n",
       "      <td>I laghi principali della provincia sono due: i...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Secondo i dati della stazione meteorologica di...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_11</td>\n",
       "      <td>3308.txt_14</td>\n",
       "      <td>Secondo i dati della stazione meteorologica di...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Il Parco regionale del Delta del Po è una vast...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   first_sentence_id second_sentence_id  \\\n",
       "0         3320.txt_1         3320.txt_3   \n",
       "1         3320.txt_3         3320.txt_4   \n",
       "2         3320.txt_4         3320.txt_6   \n",
       "3         3320.txt_6         3320.txt_8   \n",
       "4         3320.txt_8         3320.txt_9   \n",
       "5         3320.txt_9        3320.txt_11   \n",
       "6        3320.txt_11        3320.txt_12   \n",
       "7        3320.txt_12        3320.txt_13   \n",
       "8        3320.txt_13        3320.txt_14   \n",
       "9        3320.txt_14        3320.txt_15   \n",
       "10       3320.txt_15        3320.txt_16   \n",
       "11       3320.txt_16        3320.txt_18   \n",
       "12       3320.txt_18        3320.txt_19   \n",
       "13       3320.txt_19        3320.txt_20   \n",
       "14       3320.txt_20        3320.txt_22   \n",
       "15       3320.txt_22        3320.txt_23   \n",
       "16       3320.txt_23        3320.txt_24   \n",
       "17       3320.txt_24        3320.txt_26   \n",
       "18       3320.txt_26        3320.txt_28   \n",
       "19       3320.txt_28        3320.txt_29   \n",
       "20       3320.txt_29        3320.txt_31   \n",
       "21       3320.txt_31         3308.txt_1   \n",
       "22        3308.txt_1         3308.txt_2   \n",
       "23        3308.txt_2         3308.txt_3   \n",
       "24        3308.txt_3         3308.txt_5   \n",
       "25        3308.txt_5         3308.txt_7   \n",
       "26        3308.txt_7         3308.txt_8   \n",
       "27        3308.txt_8         3308.txt_9   \n",
       "28        3308.txt_9        3308.txt_11   \n",
       "29       3308.txt_11        3308.txt_14   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       first_sentence  \\\n",
       "0   È passato alla storia per aver soppresso l'ord...   \n",
       "1   Nativo del Bazadais, in Guascogna, era figlio ...   \n",
       "2   A Lione Bertrand fu vicario generale del frate...   \n",
       "3   Da arcivescovo venne eletto papa il 5 giugno 1...   \n",
       "4   Invece di ritornare a Roma, che allora era dil...   \n",
       "5   Bertrand non era né italiano né cardinale, e l...   \n",
       "6   All'inizio del 1306, Clemente abrogò di fatto ...   \n",
       "7   Il 13 ottobre 1307 fu ordinato l'arresto di tu...   \n",
       "8   L'8 settembre 1308, con la Bolla papale \"Super...   \n",
       "9   Approfittando della sua influenza sul pontefic...   \n",
       "10  Nel perseguimento dei desideri del re, Clement...   \n",
       "11  Il 5 maggio 1313 canonizzò Celestino V, a segu...   \n",
       "12  Il pontificato di Clemente fu un periodo disas...   \n",
       "13  A Ferrara le armate pontificie si scontrarono ...   \n",
       "14  Altri incidenti degni di nota del regno di Cle...   \n",
       "15  Nel 1313, l'intera corte papale si trasferì da...   \n",
       "16  Ammalatosi nel 1314 (probabilmente di tumore i...   \n",
       "17  Nel 1316, Giovanni XXII, eletto successore di ...   \n",
       "18  Papa Clemente V durante il suo pontificato ha ...   \n",
       "19  Il primo Papa ad assumere la tiara fu tutto so...   \n",
       "20  Anche se viene criticato ingiustamente per la ...   \n",
       "21  Papa Clemente V fu oggetto di notevoli attenzi...   \n",
       "22  La provincia di Ferrara è una provincia italia...   \n",
       "23  Confina a nord con il Veneto (provincia di Rov...   \n",
       "24  È la provincia dell'Emilia-Romagna con maggior...   \n",
       "25  Si tratta di un'area completamente pianeggiant...   \n",
       "26  Il corso d'acqua principale che attraversa la ...   \n",
       "27  Dirigendosi verso il mar Adriatico si incontra...   \n",
       "28  I laghi principali della provincia sono due: i...   \n",
       "29  Secondo i dati della stazione meteorologica di...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      second_sentence  \\\n",
       "0   Nativo del Bazadais, in Guascogna, era figlio ...   \n",
       "1   A Lione Bertrand fu vicario generale del frate...   \n",
       "2   Da arcivescovo venne eletto papa il 5 giugno 1...   \n",
       "3   Invece di ritornare a Roma, che allora era dil...   \n",
       "4   Bertrand non era né italiano né cardinale, e l...   \n",
       "5   All'inizio del 1306, Clemente abrogò di fatto ...   \n",
       "6   Il 13 ottobre 1307 fu ordinato l'arresto di tu...   \n",
       "7   L'8 settembre 1308, con la Bolla papale \"Super...   \n",
       "8   Approfittando della sua influenza sul pontefic...   \n",
       "9   Nel perseguimento dei desideri del re, Clement...   \n",
       "10  Il 5 maggio 1313 canonizzò Celestino V, a segu...   \n",
       "11  Il pontificato di Clemente fu un periodo disas...   \n",
       "12  A Ferrara le armate pontificie si scontrarono ...   \n",
       "13  Altri incidenti degni di nota del regno di Cle...   \n",
       "14  Nel 1313, l'intera corte papale si trasferì da...   \n",
       "15  Ammalatosi nel 1314 (probabilmente di tumore i...   \n",
       "16  Nel 1316, Giovanni XXII, eletto successore di ...   \n",
       "17  Papa Clemente V durante il suo pontificato ha ...   \n",
       "18  Il primo Papa ad assumere la tiara fu tutto so...   \n",
       "19  Anche se viene criticato ingiustamente per la ...   \n",
       "20  Papa Clemente V fu oggetto di notevoli attenzi...   \n",
       "21  La provincia di Ferrara è una provincia italia...   \n",
       "22  Confina a nord con il Veneto (provincia di Rov...   \n",
       "23  È la provincia dell'Emilia-Romagna con maggior...   \n",
       "24  Si tratta di un'area completamente pianeggiant...   \n",
       "25  Il corso d'acqua principale che attraversa la ...   \n",
       "26  Dirigendosi verso il mar Adriatico si incontra...   \n",
       "27  I laghi principali della provincia sono due: i...   \n",
       "28  Secondo i dati della stazione meteorologica di...   \n",
       "29  Il Parco regionale del Delta del Po è una vast...   \n",
       "\n",
       "    two_sentences_in_same_segment  \n",
       "0                           False  \n",
       "1                            True  \n",
       "2                           False  \n",
       "3                           False  \n",
       "4                            True  \n",
       "5                           False  \n",
       "6                            True  \n",
       "7                            True  \n",
       "8                            True  \n",
       "9                            True  \n",
       "10                           True  \n",
       "11                          False  \n",
       "12                           True  \n",
       "13                           True  \n",
       "14                          False  \n",
       "15                           True  \n",
       "16                           True  \n",
       "17                          False  \n",
       "18                          False  \n",
       "19                           True  \n",
       "20                          False  \n",
       "21                          False  \n",
       "22                           True  \n",
       "23                           True  \n",
       "24                          False  \n",
       "25                          False  \n",
       "26                           True  \n",
       "27                           True  \n",
       "28                          False  \n",
       "29                          False  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 113,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_real_test[0:30]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Jupyter Notebook Cells to waltkthrough the codes that are divided by cells"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<FileHandler /Users/emrecalisir/git/bert/out.log (NOTSET)>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## check that filehandler is well set, otherwise, run the removeHandler function existing in the next cell\n",
    "logger.getLoggerClass().root.handlers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for handler in logger.root.handlers[:]:\n",
    "    logger.root.removeHandler(handler)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "logger.info(\"test from world\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Pádraig Ó Caoimh\n",
      "\n",
      "Pádraig Ó Caoimh (Patrick \"Paddy\" O'Keeffe) was an Irish soldier and long-time administrator of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).\n",
      "\n",
      "Páirc Uí Chaoimh, the home of the Cork GAA, is named after him.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ó Caoimh was born in Roscommon in 1898.\n",
      "\n",
      "He moved to Cork City at an early age; the 1911 census records him living at No.\n",
      "\n",
      "13 East View Terrace on the Quaker Road.\n",
      "\n",
      "He lived with his father (an RIC Pensioner and Draper), his brother and his three sisters.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Alexander Vinokourov\n",
      "\n",
      "Alexander Nikolaevich Vinokourov (; born 16 September 1973) is a Kazakh former professional road bicycle racer and current general manager of UCI ProTeam .\n",
      "\n",
      "As a competitor, his achievements include two bronze medals at the World Championships, four stage wins in the Tour de France, four in the Vuelta a España plus the overall title in 2006, two Liège–Bastogne–Liège monuments, one Amstel Gold Race, and most recently, the gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics Men's Road Race.\n",
      "\n",
      "Vinokourov is a past national champion of Kazakhstan, and a dual-medalist at the Summer Olympics.\n",
      "\n",
      "Vinokourov began cycling in 1984 as an 11-year-old, competing within the former Soviet Union.\n",
      "\n",
      "He moved to France in 1997 to finish his amateur career, and then turned professional there in 1998.\n",
      "\n",
      "After almost a decade as a professional, Vinokourov was caught blood doping during the 2007 Tour de France, which triggered the withdrawal of the entire Astana team from that year's race.\n",
      "\n",
      "After a 2-year suspension from competition, he returned to cycling in August 2009, riding first for the national team of Kazakhstan and then for his beloved Astana.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ilie Moscovici\n",
      "\n",
      "Ilie B. Moscovici (also known as Tovilie; November 28, 1885 – November 1, 1943) was a Romanian socialist militant and journalist, one of the noted leaders of the Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR).\n",
      "\n",
      "A socialist since early youth and a party member since its creation in 1910, he returned from captivity in World War I to lead the PSDR from Bucharest, and involved himself in a violent clash with the Romanian authorities.\n",
      "\n",
      "He mediated between reformist and Bolshevik currents, and helped establish the Socialist Party of Romania (PS) as a fusion of both tendencies.\n",
      "\n",
      "Moscovici served as a PS representative in Chamber, but was deposed over his instigation of the 1920 general strike, then imprisoned.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although he voted against the creation of a Communist Party from the rump PS and criticized Comintern interference in Romanian affairs, he was again apprehended in 1921.\n",
      "\n",
      "Together with the communists, he appeared as a defendant in the Dealul Spirii Trial.\n",
      "\n",
      "Moscovici spent the 1920s and '30s on reconstructing the PSDR and enlarging its basis, sometimes together with, and sometimes against, the moderate socialist Constantin Titel Petrescu.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Superman Unchained\n",
      "\n",
      "Superman Unchained is a limited comic book series, originally billed as ongoing, featuring the DC Comics character Superman.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is written by Scott Snyder with pencils by Jim Lee.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series was first announced at the New York Comic Con on October 11, 2012.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Superman Unchained\" takes place in the DC Universe, as part of the New 52.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series launched in June 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A new Superman title was first rumored by Rich Johnston.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn (Misfits)\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn Samson is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 science fiction comedy-drama \"Misfits\", portrayed by Nathan McMullen.\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn was created to replace Antonia Thomas and Iwan Rheon, who played Alisha Daniels and Simon Bellamy, after they departed the show.\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn began appearing from series 4 episode 1, in which he was introduced alongside Jess (Karla Crome).\n",
      "\n",
      "McMullen was cast in the role after having previously auditioned for a smaller role but after impressing producer he was asked to play the regular role of Finn.\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn is described as having a \"childlike naively optimistic view of life\" and as someone who \"talks a lot and often uses this to try and talk himself out of difficult or awkward situations\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Finn has the power of telekinesis, \"but he doesn’t really know how to use it\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Writing for \"The Independent\", Neela Debanth said she finds Jess more likeable than Finn although \"there is more to Finn on closer inspection\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge\n",
      "\n",
      "The Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge (abbreviated as the CMR NWR) is a National Wildlife Refuge located in the U.S. state of Montana.\n",
      "\n",
      "The refuge surrounds Fort Peck Reservoir and is in size.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is the second-largest National Wildlife Refuge in the lower 48 states of the United States, and the largest in Montana.\n",
      "\n",
      "Created in 1936, it was originally called the Fort Peck Game Range.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was renamed in 1963 after Montana artist Charles M. Russell, a famous painter of the American West.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1976, the \"range\" was made a \"refuge\" (which legally changed the way the area was managed).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "National Character Area\n",
      "\n",
      "A National Character Area (NCA) is a natural subdivision of England based on a combination of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity and economic activity.\n",
      "\n",
      "There are 159 National Character Areas and they follow natural, rather than administrative, boundaries.\n",
      "\n",
      "They are defined by Natural England, the UK government's advisors on the natural environment.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "As part of its responsibilities in delivering the Natural Environment White Paper, Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention, Natural England is revising its National Character Area profiles to make environmental evidence and information easily available to a wider audience.\n",
      "\n",
      "Revised profiles for all 159 NCAs are due to be published by April 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "The new NCAs are being published in a rolling program and can be found on the Natural England website.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Siblicide\n",
      "\n",
      "Siblicide (attributed by behavioural ecologist Doug Mock to Barbara M. Braun) is the killing of an infant individual by its close relatives (full or half siblings).\n",
      "\n",
      "It may occur directly between siblings or be mediated by the parents.\n",
      "\n",
      "The evolutionary drivers may be either indirect benefits for the genetic viability of a population or direct benefits for the perpetrators.\n",
      "\n",
      "Siblicide has mainly, but not only, been observed in birds.\n",
      "\n",
      "The word is also used as a unifying term for fratricide and sororicide in the human species; unlike these more specific terms, it leaves the sex of the victim unspecified.\n",
      "\n",
      "Siblicidal behavior can be either obligate or facultative.\n",
      "\n",
      "Obligate siblicide is when a sibling almost always ends up being killed.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Buffalo nickel\n",
      "\n",
      "The Buffalo nickel or Indian Head nickel was a copper-nickel five-cent piece struck by the United States Mint from 1913 to 1938.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser.\n",
      "\n",
      "As part of a drive to beautify the coinage, five denominations of US coins had received new designs between 1907 and 1909.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1911, Taft administration officials decided to replace Charles E. Barber's Liberty Head design for the nickel, and commissioned Fraser to do the work.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were impressed by Fraser's designs showing a Native American and an American bison.\n",
      "\n",
      "The designs were approved in 1912, but were delayed several months because of objections from the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, which made mechanisms to detect slugs in nickel-operated machines.\n",
      "\n",
      "The company was not satisfied by changes made in the coin by Fraser, and in February 1913, Treasury Secretary Franklin MacVeagh decided to issue the coins despite the objections.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Priyanka Chopra\n",
      "\n",
      "Priyanka Chopra (; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress, singer, philanthropist, and the winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant.\n",
      "\n",
      "One of the highest-paid actresses in the worldand one of the most popular celebrities, Chopra has also gained recognition for her sense of style.\n",
      "\n",
      "She has received numerous awards, including a National Film Award, and five Filmfare Awards, and was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India in 2016.\n",
      "\n",
      "That same year, \"Time\" named her as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although Chopra initially aspired to study engineering or psychiatry, she accepted offers to join the Indian film industry, which came as a result of her pageant wins, making her Hindi film debut in \"\" in 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "She played the leading lady in the box-office hits \"Andaaz\" (2003) and \"Mujhse Shaadi Karogi\" (2004), and earned praise for her breakout role in the 2004 thriller \"Aitraaz\".\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2006, Chopra established herself as a leading actress of Indian cinema with starring roles in the top-grossing productions \"Krrish\" and \"Don\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Evan Gattis\n",
      "\n",
      "James Evan Gattis (born August 18, 1986) is an American professional baseball designated hitter and catcher for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB).\n",
      "\n",
      "He made his MLB debut with the Atlanta Braves on April 3, 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gattis has also earned the nickname of \"El Oso Blanco\" or The White Bear, due to his raw power capabilities, and his large beard.\n",
      "\n",
      "While with Atlanta, he played catcher and occasionally left field.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gattis was a premier amateur baseball player in the Dallas–Fort Worth area through high school.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, anxiety and substance abuse led him to abandon his scholarship to Texas A&M University.\n",
      "\n",
      "After wandering around the Western United States for four years, he returned to baseball, and was drafted by the Braves in 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Cosima De Vito\n",
      "\n",
      "Cosima De Vito (born 1 November 1976), also known as Cosima, is an Australian pop and R&B singer-songwriter.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2003, she was in the top 3 of the original \"Australian Idol\" TV talent quest series, before withdrawing due to throat nodules affecting her singing.\n",
      "\n",
      "In August 2004 her debut double A-side single, \"When the War Is Over\" / \"One Night Without You\", was issued, which reached No.\n",
      "\n",
      "1 on the ARIA Singles Chart.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 11 October, her debut album, \"Cosima\", appeared, which peaked at No.\n",
      "\n",
      "2 on the ARIA Albums Chart.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 29 September 2007, she released her second album, \"This Is Now\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar\n",
      "\n",
      "Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar have been major concerns for its inhabitants throughout its history, from medieval times to the present day.\n",
      "\n",
      "The climate of Gibraltar is a mild Mediterranean one with warm dry summers and cool wet winters.\n",
      "\n",
      "Since daily records of rainfall began in 1790, annual rainfall has averaged a mean of with the highest volumes in December and the lowest in July.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, most of Gibraltar's small land area is occupied by the Rock of Gibraltar, a limestone outcrop that is riddled with caves and crevices.\n",
      "\n",
      "There are no rivers, streams, or large bodies of water on the peninsula, which is connected to Spain via a narrow sandy isthmus.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gibraltar's water supply was formerly provided by a combination of an aqueduct, wells, and the use of cisterns, barrels and earthenware pots to capture rainwater.\n",
      "\n",
      "This became increasingly inadequate as Gibraltar's population grew in the 18th and 19th centuries; the settlement was a breeding ground for lethal diseases such as cholera and yellow fever, which killed thousands of its inhabitants and members of the British garrison in repeated outbreaks.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Bridge on the Drina\n",
      "\n",
      "The Bridge on the Drina (, ) is a historical novel by the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić.\n",
      "\n",
      "It revolves around the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad, which spans the Drina River and stands as a silent witness to history from its construction by the Ottomans in the mid-16th century until its partial destruction during World War I.\n",
      "\n",
      "The story spans about four centuries and covers the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian occupations of the region, with a particular emphasis on the lives, destinies and relations of the local inhabitants, especially Serbs and Bosnian Muslims.\n",
      "\n",
      "Andrić had been Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany from 1939 to 1941, during the early years of World War II, and was arrested by the Germans in April 1941, following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia.\n",
      "\n",
      "In June 1941, he was allowed to return to German-occupied Belgrade but was confined to a friend's apartment in conditions that some biographers liken to house arrest.\n",
      "\n",
      "The novel was one of three that Andrić wrote over the next several years.\n",
      "\n",
      "All three were published in short succession in 1945, following Belgrade's liberation from the Nazis.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Barnevelder\n",
      "\n",
      "The Barnevelder is a medium heavy breed of chicken named after the Dutch town of Barneveld.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a cross of 19th century Dutch landrace chickens with Asian breeds imported to Europe in the mid-late 19th century such as the Brahma, Cochin, Croad Langshan and Malay.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hans Schippers, the Dutch authority on the breed, reports the following on the development of the Barnevelders: Between c. 1850 and 1875 Cochin, Malay, Brahma and Croad Langshan arrived from Asia and were crossed with local fowl.\n",
      "\n",
      "One particular strain of brown egg laying fowl were like Black Cochins in appearance and were kept as a meat bird (these were not, however, purebred Cochins).\n",
      "\n",
      "Around 1885 these birds were crossed with Brahmas and the offspring of this cross was crossed with Langshan.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1898 American utility birds (\"Amerikaanse Nuthoenders\"), a rough version of the Golden Wyandotte (apparently not dissimilar to the American Winnebago, a ‘precursor’ to the Golden-laced Wyandotte) were crossed into the developing breed followed in 1906 by Buff Orpingtons.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Sons of Malta\n",
      "\n",
      "The Sons of Malta (also known as the Independent Order of the Sons of Malta) was a mid-Nineteenth Century fraternal organization whose initiation rites parodied more staid fraternal orders such as the Freemasons.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The origins of the Sons of Malta are obscure and contentious.\n",
      "\n",
      "B.J.\n",
      "\n",
      "Griswold's 1917 \"The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne, Indiana\", states, \"A secret society, known as the 'Sons of Malta,' with local lodges in many of the larger American cities, was organized in 1856 by A. G. Barnett and Morton Taylor...The Fort Wayne lodge enrolled many of the prominent men of the day.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was instituted by General Stedman [sic] of Toledo, Ohio.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The entry for the Sons of Malta in the 1899 \"Encyclopedia of the History of St. Louis\" states that they were, \"A mystic society, which came into existence in St. Louis in 1855, and which about the same time seems to have been represented in nearly all the larger, and many of the smaller, cities of the country.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Yes and no\n",
      "\n",
      "Yes and no are one of several pairs of words used to express the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several modern languages including English.\n",
      "\n",
      "English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.\n",
      "\n",
      "Welsh and Finnish are among several languages that typically employ echo answers (repeating the verb with either an affirmative or negative form) rather than using words for 'yes' and 'no', though both languages do also have words broadly similar to 'yes' and 'no'.\n",
      "\n",
      "Other languages have systems named two-form, three-form, and four-form systems, depending on how many words for yes and no they employ.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some languages, such as Latin, do not have yes-no word systems.\n",
      "\n",
      "The words \"yes\" and \"no\" are not easily classified into any of the eight conventional parts of speech.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mexican breads\n",
      "\n",
      "Mexican breads and other baked goods are the result of centuries of experimentation and the blending of influence from various European baking traditions.\n",
      "\n",
      "Wheat, and bread baked from it, was introduced by the Spanish at the time of the Conquest.\n",
      "\n",
      "While the consumption of wheat has never surpassed that of corn in the country, wheat is still a staple food and an important part of everyday and special rituals.\n",
      "\n",
      "While Mexico has adopted various bread styles from Europe and the United States, most of the hundreds of varieties of breads made in the country were developed here.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, there is little to no baking done in Mexican homes; instead, Mexicans have bought their baked goods from bakeries (and street vendors) since the colonial period.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Como pan caliente\" (like hot bread) is a Mexican expression that means that something is popular or in demand.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tropical Storm Barry (2001)\n",
      "\n",
      "Tropical Storm Barry was a strong tropical storm that made landfall on the Florida Panhandle during August 2001.\n",
      "\n",
      "The third tropical cyclone and second named storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 24.\n",
      "\n",
      "The wave entered the Caribbean on July 29 and spawned a low-pressure area, which organized into Tropical Storm Barry on August 3.\n",
      "\n",
      "After fluctuations in intensity and track, the storm attained peak winds of over the Gulf of Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "Barry headed northward and moved ashore along the Gulf Coast before dissipating on August 7.\n",
      "\n",
      "Unlike the devastating Tropical Storm Allison earlier in the season, Barry's effects were moderate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Nine deaths occurred: six in Cuba and three in Florida.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Dan Cloutier\n",
      "\n",
      "Daniel Cloutier (born April 22, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender and currently a goaltending coach for the Vancouver Canucks.\n",
      "\n",
      "In his 10-year National Hockey League (NHL) career, Cloutier played with the New York Rangers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Vancouver Canucks and Los Angeles Kings, spending the majority of his career in Vancouver.\n",
      "\n",
      "He employed a combination of both butterfly and stand-up goaltending and was known for wearing the uncommon birdcage style helmet.\n",
      "\n",
      "Cloutier played junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) for four seasons with the Sault Ste.\n",
      "\n",
      "Marie Greyhounds and Guelph Storm, making two Memorial Cup appearances in 1993 and 1996.\n",
      "\n",
      "Following his second OHL season, he was selected 26th overall by the Rangers in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.\n",
      "\n",
      "He began his professional career spending time in the minor leagues with the Rangers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliates, before joining the NHL team full-time in 1998–99.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Britain &amp; Ireland's Next Top Model (cycle 9)\n",
      "\n",
      "Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model, Cycle 9 is the ninth cycle of \"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It began to air on 20 June 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "This cycle once again featured fashion model Elle Macpherson as executive producer and host of the show alongside a judging panel consisting of Tyson Beckford and Dannii Minogue.\n",
      "\n",
      "Former judges Whitney Port and Julien Macdonald did not come back for the new series.\n",
      "\n",
      "A new format was introduced at panel this season.\n",
      "\n",
      "Guest judges were no longer a deciding factor during eliminations, and the power lied solely in the main judges' hands.\n",
      "\n",
      "The cycle featured fourteen contestants in its final cast.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "2008 Adelaide Football Club season\n",
      "\n",
      "After the disaster of 2007 team rebuilding was required.\n",
      "\n",
      "Notable absentees from the 2007 list included Jason Torney, Martin Mattner, Scott Welsh, and Ben Hudson.\n",
      "\n",
      "To compensate for their losses the acquisition of Brad Symes supported Neil Craig's plan to rejuvenate the ageing midfield, while Brad Moran added depth in the Ruck and key position divisions.\n",
      "\n",
      "Former Adelaide players Ben Hart and Matthew Clarke were appointed as new assistant coaches.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In: Tony Armstrong (draft pick 58), Myke Cook (draft pick 38), Patrick Dangerfield (draft pick 10), Jarrhan Jacky (draft pick 30), Aaron Kite (draft pick 71), Brad Moran (traded from for draft pick 37), Andy Otten (draft pick 27), Brad Symes (traded from for draft pick 28), Taylor Walker (draft pick 75)\n",
      "\n",
      "Rookie: Ed Curnow (rookie draft pick 40), Brodie Martin (rookie draft pick 52), James Moss (rookie draft pick 9), Jared Petrenko (rookie draft pick 25)\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Pickett's Charge\n",
      "\n",
      "Pickett's Charge was an infantry assault ordered by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee against Maj. Gen. George G. Meade's Union positions on Cemetery Ridge on July 3, 1863, the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg in the state of Pennsylvania during the American Civil War.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its futility was predicted by the charge's commander, Lt. Gen. James Longstreet, and it was arguably an avoidable mistake from which the Southern war effort never fully recovered militarily or psychologically.\n",
      "\n",
      "The farthest point reached by the attack has been referred to as the high-water mark of the Confederacy.\n",
      "\n",
      "The charge is named after Maj. Gen. George Pickett, one of three Confederate generals who led the assault under Longstreet.\n",
      "\n",
      "After Confederate attacks on both Union flanks had failed the day and night before, Lee was determined to strike the Union center on the third day.\n",
      "\n",
      "On the night of July 2, Meade correctly predicted at a council of war that Lee would try an attack on his lines in the center the following morning.\n",
      "\n",
      "The infantry assault was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment that was meant to soften up the Union defense and silence its artillery, but was largely ineffective.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Australian home front during World War II\n",
      "\n",
      "Although most Australian civilians lived far from the front line of World War II, the Australian home front during World War II played a significant role in the Allied victory and led to permanent changes to Australian society.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the war the Australian Government greatly expanded its powers in order to better direct the war effort, and Australia's industrial and human resources were focused on supporting the Allied armed forces.\n",
      "\n",
      "While there were only a relatively small number of attacks on civilian targets, many Australians feared that the country would be invaded during the early years of the Pacific War.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Robert Gordon Menzies was sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia for the first time on 26 April 1939 following the death of Joseph Lyons.\n",
      "\n",
      "He led a minority United Australia Party government, after Country Party leader Earle Page refused to serve in a Coalition government led by Menzies.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 3 September 1939, Australia entered World War II, with Menzies making a declaration of a state of war in a national radio broadcast:\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Kirsty Soames\n",
      "\n",
      "Kirsty Soames is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Coronation Street\", played by Natalie Gumede.\n",
      "\n",
      "She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 September 2011.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 21 February 2013, Gumede announced she was leaving the soap at the end of her current storyline.\n",
      "\n",
      "She departed on 3 April 2013, after her character Kirsty is sent to prison.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gumede has won numerous awards for her portrayal of Kirsty.\n",
      "\n",
      "Kirsty did not return for her 2014 storyline which saw her get released from prison.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Harry Harlow\n",
      "\n",
      "Harry Frederick Harlow (October 31, 1905 – December 6, 1981) was an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship in social and cognitive development.\n",
      "\n",
      "He conducted most of his research at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow worked with him for a short period of time.\n",
      "\n",
      "Harlow's experiments were controversial; they included creating inanimate surrogate mothers for the rhesus infants from wire and wood.\n",
      "\n",
      "[10] Each infant became attached to its particular mother, recognizing its unique face and preferring it above all others.\n",
      "\n",
      "[citation needed] Harlow next chose to investigate if the infants had a preference for bare-wire mothers or cloth-covered mothers.\n",
      "\n",
      "For this experiment, he presented the infants with a clothed mother and a wire mother under two conditions.\n",
      "\n",
      "In one situation, the wire mother held a bottle with food, and the cloth mother held no food.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "List of Canadian Roman Catholic saints\n",
      "\n",
      "The Roman Catholic Church has been part of Canadian history since the earliest European explorers.\n",
      "\n",
      "A French priest accompanied the great explorer Jacques Cartier, performing the first ever recorded Holy Mass on Canadian soil on July 7, 1534, on the shores of the Gaspé Peninsula.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was followed by deliberate conversion of the First Nations into the fold of Catholicism.\n",
      "\n",
      "Soon after, more and more religious congregations set foot in Canada especially among French-speaking present-day Quebec.\n",
      "\n",
      "In this long history of the Roman Catholic Church in Canada, a number of deceased persons of the Church have had their life and work declared worthy of achieving one of the four stages of canonization in the Catholic Church: Servants of God; Venerable; Beatification (Blessed); and, for some, full recognition as a Saint.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The list of Canadian Roman Catholic Saints (St.), Blesseds (Bl.)\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Invicta International Airlines Flight 435\n",
      "\n",
      "On 10 April 1973 Invicta International Airways Flight 435 was a Vickers Vanguard 952, flying from Bristol Lulsgate to Basel-Mulhouse that ploughed into a snowy, forested hillside near Hochwald, Switzerland.\n",
      "\n",
      "It somersaulted and broke up, killing 108 with 37 survivors.\n",
      "\n",
      "To date, this accident is the deadliest accident involving a Vickers Vanguard and the deadliest aviation accident to occur on Swiss soil.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many of the 139 passengers on the charter flight were women—members of the Axbridge Ladies Guild—from the Somerset, England villages of Axbridge, Cheddar, Winscombe and Congresbury.\n",
      "\n",
      "The accident left 55 children motherless.\n",
      "\n",
      "Pilot Anthony Dorman became disoriented, misidentifying two radio beacons and missing another.\n",
      "\n",
      "When co-pilot Ivor Terry took over, his final approach was based on the wrong beacon and the aircraft crashed into the hillside.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "To Tell the Truth\n",
      "\n",
      "To Tell the Truth is an American television panel game show created by Bob Stewart and produced by Goodson-Todman Productions that has aired in various forms since 1956 both on networks and in syndication.\n",
      "\n",
      "As of June 14, 2016, the show is one of two game shows in the United States to have aired at least one new episode in at least seven consecutive decades, the other game show being both incarnations of \"The Price Is Right\".\n",
      "\n",
      "As of the 2016 version, a total of 26 seasons of the various versions of \"To Tell the Truth\" have been produced, surpassing the 25 of \"What's My Line?\"\n",
      "\n",
      "and the 20 of \"I've Got a Secret.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The show features a panel of four celebrities whose object is the correct identification of a described contestant who has an unusual occupation or has undergone an unusual experience.\n",
      "\n",
      "This \"central character\" is accompanied by two impostors who pretend to be the central character; together, the three persons are said to belong to a \"team of challengers.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The celebrity panelists question the three contestants; the impostors are allowed to lie, but the central character is sworn \"to tell the truth.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Dream Makers (TV series)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Dream Makers () is a 30-episode drama serial that aired on MediaCorp Channel 8 from 24 June 2013 to 2 August 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "It featured Zoe Tay, Jeanette Aw, Rui En, Chen Liping, Qi Yuwu, Chen Hanwei, Guo Liang, Shaun Chen, Rebecca Lim , Desmond Tan and Desmond When as the main cast of the series.\n",
      "\n",
      "This was the second show on Channel 8 to celebrate MediaCorp's TV50, after variety series \"The Joy Truck\", and before end-year blockbuster \"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "A sequel to the series was announced in end-2014 to air 4 December 2015.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series was the 2nd highest-rated drama serial in 2013, with an average viewership of 885,000, beating the records set by \"It's a Wonderful Life\" and \"Break Free\" (both with 835,000), behind \"C.L.I.F.\n",
      "\n",
      "2\" (with 901,000).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Shanly, Ontario\n",
      "\n",
      "Shanly is a rural community located within the township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in eastern Ontario.\n",
      "\n",
      "The village is about one hour south of Ottawa and around 7 miles north-west of Cardinal.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shanly is centred around the intersection of County Road 22, also known as Shanly Road, and County Road 21.\n",
      "\n",
      "Formerly these roads were the Nine Mile Road and the Seventh Concession, respectively.\n",
      "\n",
      "The community was settled during the 1800s, primarily as an agricultural community, and was at its height during the latter-half of the 19th century when many farms and a few businesses and factories were in operation.\n",
      "\n",
      "As of the 2000s, the rural area surrounding the main intersection consists of mostly residential properties and a few family farms.\n",
      "\n",
      "The village is also home to a few businesses and two churches.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Randy Orton\n",
      "\n",
      "Randal Keith \"Randy\" Orton (born April 1, 1980) is an American professional wrestler and actor who is signed with WWE, where he is a member of the \"SmackDown\" brand.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is a 12-time world champion, having held the WWE Championship/WWE World Heavyweight Championship eight times and the World Heavyweight Championship four times, and was the final holder of the World Heavyweight Championship.\n",
      "\n",
      "Orton is a third-generation professional wrestler; his grandfather Bob Orton, Sr., his father \"Cowboy\" Bob Orton, and his uncle Barry Orton all competed in the professional wrestling business.\n",
      "\n",
      "Before being promoted to the main World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) roster, Orton trained in and wrestled for Mid-Missouri Wrestling Association-Southern Illinois Conference Wrestling for a month.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was then sent to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he held the OVW Hardcore Championship twice.\n",
      "\n",
      "Orton became a member of the stable Evolution shortly after his WWE debut, which quickly led to a Intercontinental Championship reign, his first title with the company.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also acquired the moniker \"The Legend Killer\" during a storyline where he began disrespecting and then physically attacking WWE Hall of Famers and wrestling veterans.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Russian yacht Livadia (1880)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Livadia was an imperial yacht of the House of Romanov built in 1879–1880 to replace a yacht of the same name that had sunk off the coast of Crimea in 1878.\n",
      "\n",
      "The new \"Livadia\", intended for service on the Black Sea, was a radically novel ship conceived by Vice Admiral Andrey Popov, designed by naval architect Erast Gulyaev and built by John Elder & Co. of Govan on Clyde.\n",
      "\n",
      "The \"Livadia\" continued Popov's line of circular ships although this time Popov sacrificed geometrical perfection for seagoing capabilities.\n",
      "\n",
      "She had a beam of against overall length of only .\n",
      "\n",
      "An extreme example of tumblehome architecture, she sported a conventionally shaped superstructure mounted on a wide, flat-bottomed, turbot-shaped submerged hull or pontoon.\n",
      "\n",
      "Construction of the \"Livadia\", \"a gigantic life-size experiment\" and a prototype for next-generation battleships, was supervised by William Pearce.\n",
      "\n",
      "Bruno Tideman and Edward James Reed acted as consultants, William Leiper and William De Morgan designed luxurious interiors.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Knickerbocker Greys\n",
      "\n",
      "The Knickerbocker Greys is the oldest after school activity in the United States, founded in 1881 for children aged 6 to 16.\n",
      "\n",
      "Since its founding, the primary purpose of the Greys “is to instill in cadets a sense of personal responsibility, and instinct for leadership, the habit of reliability, and the self-assurance which follows mastery of these steps to useful citizenship.” Cadets undergo a series of experiences over the years that build confidence, improve self-esteem, develop character, social skills, patience, perseverance, enthusiasm, public speaking, problem solving and leadership.\n",
      "\n",
      "The tradition of the Knickerbocker Greys lives on in all of the cadets.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Knickerbocker Greys was founded by Mrs. Augusta Lawler Stacey Curtis, the wife of Dr. Edward Curtis, a noted New York physician who served on the staff of the Surgeon General of the Union Army, and assisted in the autopsy on the body of President Abraham Lincoln.\n",
      "\n",
      "She started the corps as a way to keep her boys out of trouble, since they had taken to hanging out at candy stores after school.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the time, there were no after school activities or organized sports.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Fast for Life\n",
      "\n",
      "International Fast For Life (IFFL) was a prolonged fast in favor of nuclear disarmament that spawned the Fast For Life movement.\n",
      "\n",
      "The context of this event took place during an era of escalation of the U.S./Russian Cold War.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its purpose was to promote a redirection of international government efforts away from nuclear arms and toward feeding the poor.\n",
      "\n",
      "A poster for the event urged supportive participation in two events: a one-day fast on August 6 or 27, 1983 and a week-long fast beginning September 10, 1983.\n",
      "\n",
      "The core peace action culminated in August 1983 when participants in five countries began a fast on August 6, the anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and refused to end their fast until \"only when negotiations at Geneva indicate that a halt will be called to the spread of nuclear weapons.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "While the participants abstained from food, the protest event garnered major media coverage, commentaries, and open letters of both support and criticism, as well as inspired thousands of people around the world to fast and hold supportive demonstrations.\n",
      "\n",
      "In objectives, the International Fast For Live movement is related to the Plowshares Movement.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Parliament of England\n",
      "\n",
      "The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1066, William of Normandy introduced what, in later centuries, became referred to as a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief (a person who held land) and ecclesiastics before making laws.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1215, the tenants-in-chief secured Magna Carta from King John, which established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes (except the feudal taxes to which they were hitherto accustomed), save with the consent of his royal council, which gradually developed into a parliament.\n",
      "\n",
      "Over the centuries, the English Parliament progressively limited the power of the English monarchy which arguably culminated in the English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649.\n",
      "\n",
      "After the restoration of the monarchy under Charles II, and the subsequent Glorious Revolution of 1688, the supremacy of Parliament was a settled principle and all future English and later British sovereigns were restricted to the role of constitutional monarchs with limited executive authority.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Act of Union 1707 merged the English Parliament with the Parliament of Scotland to form the Parliament of Great Britain.\n",
      "\n",
      "When the Parliament of Ireland was abolished in 1801, its former members were merged into what was now called the Parliament of the United Kingdom.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hindi theatre\n",
      "\n",
      "Hindi theatre primarily refers to theatre performed in the Hindi language, including dialects such as Khari boli and Hindustani.\n",
      "\n",
      "Hindi theatre is produced mainly in North India, and some parts of West India and Central India, which include Mumbai and Bhopal.\n",
      "\n",
      "Hindi theatre has its roots in the traditional folk theatre of North India, like Ram lila and Raslila, and also influenced by distant Sanskrit drama.\n",
      "\n",
      "Starting with Bhartendu Harishchandra in the late 19th century and subsequent playwrights like Jaishankar Prasad, Mohan Rakesh, Hindi theatre came of age in the 1940s and 50s, when IPTA movement created a new brand of theatre practitioners in Hindi speaking areas, especially with IPTA Mumbai, Prithvi Theatres of thespian Prithviraj Kapoor, and theatre artiste Habib Tanvir, paving way for next generation of artists who came out once National School of Drama, Delhi started functioning in 1959.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The advent of Mughal empire meant the lasting and definite end of Sanskrit as everyday language and along with it theatre traditions, though it also gave birth to a synergistic traditions of Urdu and Hindustani languages, that developed in the aftermath of a fast amalgamating diverse cultures.\n",
      "\n",
      "Traditional folk theatre which included Ramlila, Raslila and nautanki had evolved despite the absence of royal patronage and where it was present, as in the case Ramlila of Kashi Kingdom, in Ramnagar, Varanasi, it evolved into a highly evolved form, with shifting locations.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "La Maison du Chocolat\n",
      "\n",
      "From Parisian artisan to international luxury chocolatier, La Maison du Chocolat carries on the tradition of its grand classics as envisioned by Robert Linxe.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Robert Linxe, founder of La Maison du Chocolat, dedicated his life to chocolate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in the French Basque region, he learned his trade of chocolatier in Bayonne before going to Switzerland to perfect his art.\n",
      "\n",
      "A visionary, who had the courage so characteristic of entrepreneurs, to open in 1977 his first boutique, dedicated exclusively to chocolate on the prestigious Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris.\n",
      "\n",
      "He selected a location for this boutique with a wine cellar, which provided ideal conditions for preserving chocolates.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also had his laboratory in the cellar for over ten years.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "17th Ohio Infantry\n",
      "\n",
      "The 17th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 17th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The 17th Ohio Infantry organized at Lancaster, Ohio and mustered in August 30, 1861 under Colonel John M. Connell in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers.\n",
      "\n",
      "The regiment moved to Benwood, Virginia, then to Parkersburg, Virginia, April 20–23.\n",
      "\n",
      "The regiment was attached to Rosecrans' Brigade, Western Virginia, to July 1861.\n",
      "\n",
      "2nd Brigade, Army of Occupation, Western Virginia, to August 1861.\n",
      "\n",
      "The regiment performed railroad guard duty and operated against guerrillas in Jackson County, Virginia until July.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Epitaph One\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Epitaph One\" is the 13th episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series \"Dollhouse\".\n",
      "\n",
      "This episode became available on DVD and Blu-Ray on July 28, 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also the first episode of the series to feature Felicia Day, an actress with whom Joss Whedon has worked a number of times prior to \"Dollhouse\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode was not aired in the USA due to different contractual obligations with the Fox Network (the television broadcaster) and 20th Century Fox Television (the production company).\n",
      "\n",
      "20th Century Fox needed thirteen episodes for the first season's DVD release and to sell to foreign markets, and having paid for but then scrapped the unaired original pilot episode, Fox only contracted the subsequent twelve episodes, but not the thirteenth.\n",
      "\n",
      "While Fox did renew the show for a second season, they never broadcast \"Epitaph One.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Due to Fox's decision not to air \"Epitaph One,\" 20th Century Fox opted to promote the episode as a special incentive to buy the DVD and Blu-Ray set releases of the \"Dollhouse\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s first season, in which the episode, and the original unaired pilot, are both included.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Vishnu Puran (TV series)\n",
      "\n",
      "Vishnu Puran is an Indian television series directed by B. R. Chopra.\n",
      "\n",
      "It aired in 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is based on the \"Srimad Bhagavat Mahapuran\", an ancient collection of stories and scripture.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Vishnu Puran\" tells of 10 incarnations of Lord Shri Vishnu, as well as other stories, such as the Legend of Dhruva.\n",
      "\n",
      "The chief roles are played by Nitish Bharadwaj as Lord Shri Vishnu and Vaidehi as Goddess Lakshmi.\n",
      "\n",
      "Nitish Bharadwaj previously played the role of Lord Shri Vishnu's eighth incarnation, Lord Krishna, in Chopra's television adaptation of the epic \"Mahabharat\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The music is composed by Rajkamal who also worked on \"Mahabharat\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Lokalbahn AG\n",
      "\n",
      "The Lokalbahn AG company (\"Lokalbahn Aktien-Gesellschaft\"), or 'LAG' for short, was a private company based in Munich, Bavaria, whose lines of business was the construction and operation of branch lines (the so-called \"Lokalbahnen\" or \"Sekundärbahnen\") in Germany and Austria-Hungary.\n",
      "\n",
      "It existed from 1887 to 1938.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The company was founded on 9 February 1887 by the Lokomotivfabrik Krauss & Co. and the Lechner & Krüzner Branch Line Construction and Operating Company (\"Lokalbahnbau- und Betriebsunternehmung Lechner & Krüzner\").\n",
      "\n",
      "Krauss brought with them the narrow gauge Feldabahn in Saxony-Weimar, which had been built in 1879/80,into the new company.\n",
      "\n",
      "The LAG rapidly grew into an important transportation organisation.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1889 to 1891 alone their routes grew to a length of m 430 kilometres.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Cyclone Winston\n",
      "\n",
      "Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston was the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in Fiji and the South Pacific Basin in recorded history.\n",
      "\n",
      "The system was first noted as a tropical disturbance on 7 February 2016, when it was located to the northwest of Port Vila, Vanuatu.\n",
      "\n",
      "Over the next few days, the system gradually developed as it moved southeast, acquiring gale-force winds by 11 February.\n",
      "\n",
      "The following day, it underwent rapid intensification and attained ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph).\n",
      "\n",
      "Less favourable environmental conditions prompted weakening thereafter.\n",
      "\n",
      "After turning northeast on 14 February, Winston stalled to the north of Tonga on 17 February.\n",
      "\n",
      "Due to a change in higher level steering, the storm drifted back to the west.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Calvin Valentine\n",
      "\n",
      "Calvin Valentine is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ricky Whittle.\n",
      "\n",
      "He arrived in July 2006 as a police officer with his mother and younger siblings and made his final appearance on 21 May 2010 after he was murdered by Theresa McQueen.\n",
      "\n",
      "Whittle was credited for a flashback episode on 1 December 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "Calvin appeared again as a ghost to tell his wife Carmel that his daughter was fine where she was with her mother Theresa in February 2011.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In May 2006, it was announced former \"Dream Team\" actor Ricky Whittle would arrive in Hollyoaks as \"mysterious\" Calvin Valentine.\n",
      "\n",
      "Along with Whittle's casting, it was announced his former \"Dream Team\" co-star Jamie Lomas would take on the part of \"bad boy\" Warren Fox.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Vladislaus II of Hungary\n",
      "\n",
      "Vladislaus II, also known as Vladislav II, Władysław II or Wladislas II (1 March 1456 – 13 March 1516; ; ; ; ; ), was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1490 to 1516.\n",
      "\n",
      "As the eldest son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, he was expected to inherit Poland and Lithuania.\n",
      "\n",
      "George of Poděbrady, the Hussite ruler of Bohemia, offered to make Vladislaus his heir in 1468.\n",
      "\n",
      "Poděbrady needed Casimir IV's support against the rebellious Catholic noblemen and their ally, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Diet of Bohemia elected Vladislaus king after Poděbrady's death, but he could only rule Bohemia proper, because Matthias (whom the Catholic nobles had elected king) occupied Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia.\n",
      "\n",
      "Vladislaus tried to reconquer the three provinces with his father's assistance, but Matthias repelled them.\n",
      "\n",
      "Vladislaus and Matthias divided the Lands of the Bohemian Crown in the Peace of Olomouc in 1479.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Authority (professional wrestling)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Authority was a villainous professional wrestling stable in WWE, which originated due to Triple H helping Randy Orton to win the WWE Championship from Daniel Bryan at the 2013 SummerSlam pay-per-view.\n",
      "\n",
      "The stable was led by company executives Triple H and Stephanie McMahon, and many other wrestlers were a part of the group, most notably Seth Rollins as \"The Man\" until suffering a knee injury in November 2015, Kane as the \"Director of Operations\" until October 2015 and Randy Orton as The Authority's hand-picked champion and \"Face of the WWE\" until November 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Shield formerly acted as The Authority's main henchmen to offer protection or carry out attacks until March 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "The name of \"The Authority\" was introduced in October 2013 and initially referred to only Triple H and Stephanie McMahon as a power couple.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Authority shared similarities with The Corporation and The McMahon-Helmsley Faction, and has also had ties to Triple H's previous stables D-Generation X and Evolution.\n",
      "\n",
      "The stable's run ended after WrestleMania 32 when Triple H was dethroned as WWE World Heavyweight Champion by Roman Reigns, and Shane McMahon received authority to run \"Raw\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mighty Machines\n",
      "\n",
      "Mighty Machines is a Canadian children's television series about machines and how they work.\n",
      "\n",
      "It airs on TVO, Treehouse TV and other channels in Canada, including Access in Alberta, the Saskatchewan Communications Network, and Knowledge in British Columbia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It also aired on Discovery Kids (UK) in 2005, on Qubo in the U.S., and a French-language version airs on TFO in Ontario and on channels in Quebec.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series did not air on any channels in the United States, but the episodes were put on direct-to-video videos released by Buena Vista Home Video in the US.\n",
      "\n",
      "Seasons one through three are also available on Netflix.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was nominated for a Gemini Award in 1996 in the category of Best Children's Program or Series.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Critical Mass (Pohl and Kornbluth short story)\n",
      "\n",
      "Critical Mass is a science fiction novelette written by Frederik Pohl and Cyril M. Kornbluth.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was first published in Galaxy Science Fiction magazine in February 1962, almost four years after Kornbluth's death.\n",
      "\n",
      "The tone may reflect a view of American society from even earlier than 1962, depending on how much Pohl updated it before publication.\n",
      "\n",
      "According to a foreword by Pohl in a collection also called \"Critical Mass\", the story was assembled from notes Kornbluth made for three story ideas, plus one of Pohl's own from 1954.\n",
      "\n",
      "After Kornbluth's death, his widow turned over his story notes and drafts to Pohl.\n",
      "\n",
      "Pohl completed a dozen or so stories based on this material, most of which were eventually collected in the volume \"The Wonder Effect\" which contained most of the same stories as the later \"Critical Mass\" collection.\n",
      "\n",
      "Arthur C. Clarke also wrote a short story with this title.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Firefighting in the United States\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Fire departments responded to 30,100,000 calls for service in 2011.\n",
      "\n",
      "Two-thirds of those, 19,800,000, were for medical help, 7.6% (2,400,000) were false alarms, and only 4.6% (1,400,000) were for actual fires.\n",
      "\n",
      "Since at least 1980, calls for fires have decreased as a proportion of total calls and in absolute numbers from 3,000,000 to 1,400,000 in 2011, while in the same period medical calls have increased from 5,000,000 to 19,800,000.\n",
      "\n",
      "The professionalization of American firefighting was largely a result of three factors: the steam fire engines, the fire insurance companies, that demanded the municipalization of firefighting, and an ideology which suggested that payment of wages would naturally result in improved service.\n",
      "\n",
      "Paid firefighters may be union or non-union.\n",
      "\n",
      "Union American firefighters are represented and united in the International Association of Fire Fighters with headquarters in Washington, D.C.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "USA Women's U18 and U19 teams\n",
      "\n",
      "The USA Women's U18 and U19 teams are two of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization.\n",
      "\n",
      "The team names refer to the age limits for the invited players.\n",
      "\n",
      "The events were originally referred to as the FIBA Americas Junior World Championship Qualifying Tournament and the FIBA Junior World Championship.\n",
      "\n",
      "The usual sequence is for the U18 team to play in a regional championship in one year, with the top four qualifying teams being invited to a World Championship in the following year, as the U19 team.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first Junior World Championship was held in 1985, without a qualifying tournament in the prior year.\n",
      "\n",
      "Starting in 1988, the events were on a four-year cycle, with the FIBA Americas Junior World Championship Qualifying Tournament in 1988, followed by the FIBA Junior World Championship in 1989.\n",
      "\n",
      "This continued until the format was changed in 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Agroscope\n",
      "\n",
      "Agroscope is the Swiss Confederation’s centre of excellence for agricultural research, and is affiliated with the Federal Office for Agriculture, which in turn is subordinate to the The Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER).\n",
      "\n",
      "Agroscope makes an important contribution to a sustainable agriculture and food sector as well as to an intact environment, thereby contributing to an improved quality of life.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Agroscope consists of four institutes:\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Agroscope researches along the entire value chain of the agriculture and food sector.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its aims are a competitive and multifunctional agricultural sector, high-quality food for a healthy diet, and an intact environment.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Justice Denied (Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Justice Denied\" is the seventeenth episode of the of the long-running NBC legal drama, \"\" and the 289th episode overall.\n",
      "\n",
      "It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 11, 2012.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode follows Detective Olivia Benson, who discovers that she may have put an innocent man in prison for a crime eight years ago that he did not commit, placing her job and her relationship with Executive ADA David Haden (Harry Connick, Jr.) on the line.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode was written by Stuart Feldman (teleplay and story) and show runner/executive producer Warren Leight (story), and directed by freshman \"Law & Order: SVU\" director Michael Slovis.\n",
      "\n",
      "This episode is notable for ending the season thirteen story arcs for characters Executive Assistant District Attorney David Haden and , who were portrayed by Harry Connick, Jr. and Andre Braugher respectively; this episode also ending Detective Benson's relationship with EADA Haden who is promoted at the end of the episode.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Justice Denied\" earned generally positive reviews, critics praising the break-up scene between Benson and Haden and Benson accepting Amaro as \"a good partner\"; the break-up scene made number 21 out of 25 on \"TV Guide's\" 2012 Best TV Episodes.\n",
      "\n",
      "According to the Nielsen ratings, the episode's original broadcast was watched by an average of 5.57 million total viewers and received a 1.7/4% share in the 18–49 age demographic, up slightly from the previous episode, \"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Grumman TBF Avenger\n",
      "\n",
      "The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) is an American torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during the Battle of Midway.\n",
      "\n",
      "Despite the loss of five of the six Avengers on its combat debut, it survived in service to become one of the outstanding torpedo bombers of World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "Greatly modified after the war, it remained in use until the 1960s.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Douglas' TBD Devastator, the U.S. Navy's main torpedo bomber introduced in 1935, was obsolete by 1939.\n",
      "\n",
      "Bids were accepted from several companies, but Grumman's TBF design was selected as the replacement for the TBD and in April 1940 two prototypes were ordered by the Navy.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ross Winans\n",
      "\n",
      "Ross Winans (1796–1877) was an American inventor, mechanic, and builder of locomotives and railroad machinery.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is also noted for design of pioneering cigar-hulled ships.\n",
      "\n",
      "Winans, one of the United States' first multi-millionaires, was involved in national and state politics, a southern-sympathizer and was a vehement \"states' rights\" advocate.\n",
      "\n",
      "His outspoken anti-federal stance as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, the lower chamber of the General Assembly, (state legislature) led to his temporary arrest on board a Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train returning from an early session of the legislature held in the western Maryland town of Frederick to avoid the Union Army-occupied state capital of Annapolis in April–May, 1861, to consider the possibilities of state secession, during the early decisive period of the American Civil War.\n",
      "\n",
      "Winans was related to James McNeill Whistler through marriage (Whistler's brother George married Winans' daughter Julia).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ross Winans was born in Vernon Township, New Jersey on October 17, 1796.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Centenary Place\n",
      "\n",
      "Centenary Place is a heritage-listed park at 85 Wickham Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Centenary Park.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by Henry Moore.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 August 2007.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Centenary Place was designed and constructed for the purpose of commemorating the centenary of European settlement in Queensland (1824-1924).\n",
      "\n",
      "Clearing of the land began in 1924 and the park was formed in 1925.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bunnicula\n",
      "\n",
      "Bunnicula is a children's book series written by James Howe, featuring a vampire rabbit that sucks the juice out of vegetables.\n",
      "\n",
      "Alternatively, \"Bunnicula\" is the main title of the first book in the series, published by Atheneum Books in April 1979.\n",
      "\n",
      "The husband-and-wife team James and Deborah Howe wrote it together, but she died before it saw print.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series consists of seven books, with the latest published in 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "The story is centered on the Monroe family and their pets and is told from the perspective of their dog Harold.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Monroes find a bunny at the theater where they were watching a Dracula film.\n",
      "\n",
      "Because of this, they name him Bunnicula.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Paraíso, Tabasco\n",
      "\n",
      "Paraíso is a town and municipality located in the north of the Mexican state of Tabasco, about 75 km due north of the state capital of Villahermosa on the Gulf of Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "Much of the area is traditionally dedicated to fishing and agriculture.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, it is also an oil producing area with the mostly oil dedicated port of Dos Bocas.\n",
      "\n",
      "There is also tourism connected to the area’s beaches and natural attractions, which is still underdeveloped.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is part of the state’s Cacao Route tourism program.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The town of Paraíso is located on the coast of Tabasco, 75 km north of the capital of Villahermosa.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Annihilation: Conquest\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Annihilation: Conquest\" is a 2007-2008 Marvel Comics crossover storyline and the sequel to 2006's \"Annihilation\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The series again focuses on Marvel's cosmic heroes defending the universe against the Phalanx, now led by Ultron.\n",
      "\n",
      "Nova returns once more in a title role, along with Quasar, Star-Lord, and a new character called Wraith.\n",
      "\n",
      "Other characters featured were Ronan the Accuser, Moondragon, Super-Skrull, Gamora, Mantis and Rocket Raccoon.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series also saw the return of Adam Warlock to the Marvel Universe.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The format mirrored that of its predecessor with one minor difference.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Jane Thomas\n",
      "\n",
      "Jane Thomas was the wife of a Colonel in South Carolina who fought for the rebels in the American revolution.\n",
      "\n",
      "She passed key intelligence that thwarted an ambush.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "She was a native of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and the sister of the Reverend John Black, of Carlisle, the first president of Dickinson College.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was married about 1740, to John Thomas, supposed to be a native of Wales, who had been brought up in the same county.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some ten or fifteen years after his marriage, Mr. Thomas removed to South Carolina.\n",
      "\n",
      "His residence for some time was upon Fishing Creek in Chester District.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Legend of the Dragon (TV series)\n",
      "\n",
      "Legend of the Dragon is an animated series consisting of 26 episodes followed by 13 additional episodes for a total of 39 episodes.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is produced by BKN and premiered in October 2006 as part of the Jetix block on Toon Disney.\n",
      "\n",
      "Subsequently, the two part episode \"Trial by Fire\" was shown as a Jetix Blockbuster on ABC Family in August before all Jetix programming moved to Toon Disney.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the UK, the first 26 episodes have aired across CBBC.\n",
      "\n",
      "It premiered in Summer 2005 on the CBBC channel.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is unclear of whether the additional 13 episodes will be shown or not.\n",
      "\n",
      "Episodes 27–39 have begun airing in Australia on Network Ten's Toasted TV as of March 19, 2008.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Sparkle (2012 film)\n",
      "\n",
      "Sparkle is an American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films, It was released on August 17, 2012 by TriStar Pictures.\n",
      "\n",
      "Inspired by The Supremes, \"Sparkle\" is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name, which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1950s.\n",
      "\n",
      "The remake takes place in Detroit, Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film stars Jordin Sparks, Derek Luke, Whitney Houston, Mike Epps, Cee Lo Green, Carmen Ejogo, Tika Sumpter, Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Sparkle\" features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly.\n",
      "\n",
      "This film is the debut of R&B/pop singer and \"American Idol\" winner Jordin Sparks as an actress.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Sparkle\" also marks Whitney Houston's fifth and final feature film role before her death in February 11, 2012, three months after filming ended.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Just Dance (song)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Just Dance\" is the debut single by American recording artist Lady Gaga.\n",
      "\n",
      "The song was produced by RedOne and co-written by RedOne, Gaga and Akon, while also featuring labelmate Colby O'Donis.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was released in 2008 as the lead single from Gaga's debut studio album, \"The Fame\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The song was written by Gaga in ten minutes as \"a happy record\".\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Just Dance\" also has influences of R&B and lyrically speaks about being intoxicated at a club.\n",
      "\n",
      "The song received positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its club anthem-like nature and the synthpop associated with it.\n",
      "\n",
      "The song has also achieved commercial success by topping charts in the United States, Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, as well as reaching the top ten in many other countries.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "U.S. Route 13 in Pennsylvania\n",
      "\n",
      "U.S. Route 13 (US 13) is a U.S. highway running from Fayetteville, North Carolina north to Morrisville, Pennsylvania.\n",
      "\n",
      "The route runs for through the Philadelphia metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.\n",
      "\n",
      "The route enters the state from Delaware in Marcus Hook, Delaware County.\n",
      "\n",
      "It continues in a northeasterly direction through Delaware County, passing through the city of Chester before heading through suburban areas along Chester Pike to Darby.\n",
      "\n",
      "US 13 enters Philadelphia on Baltimore Avenue and runs through West Philadelphia to University City, where it turns north along several city streets before heading east across the Schuylkill River along Girard Avenue.\n",
      "\n",
      "The route turns north and heads to North Philadelphia, where it runs northeast along Hunting Park Avenue.\n",
      "\n",
      "US 13 becomes concurrent with US 1 on Roosevelt Boulevard, continuing into Northeast Philadelphia.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "MTV Roadies (season 9)\n",
      "\n",
      "MTV Roadies 9 : Everything or Nothing is the ninth season of MTV Roadies, a reality television show aired on MTV India.\n",
      "\n",
      "The auditions started on 16 September from Pune following with Audition in Kolkata, Delhi, Chandhigarh and Hyderabad.\n",
      "\n",
      "Part of the season will take place in United States of America.\n",
      "\n",
      "The show started airing on MTV India from 7 January 2012 and every new episode aired on Saturdays at 7 p.m. IST.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series was won by Vikas Khoker from Chandigarh.\n",
      "\n",
      "He won the title on 30 June 2012 and walked away with a total cash prize of ₹ .\n",
      "\n",
      "Anirudh Sharma and Diyali Chauhan returned as All-Stars for Roadies X – Battle for Glory.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "UK Rock Challenge\n",
      "\n",
      "The UK Rock Challenge is the British arm of the Global Rock Challenge.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rock Challenge is an anti-drug and crime-prevention that takes the form of a friendly performing arts competition for schools and colleges.\n",
      "\n",
      "Originating in Australia in the 1980s, it reached UK shores due to Inspector Mark Pontin of the Hampshire Constabulary seeing it in 1995 and being so impressed that he persuaded the Chief Constable of Hampshire Constabulary to introduce it into their area of the UK.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first UK event took place in Portsmouth Guildhall, Portsmouth in 1996 involving 11 schools and around 750 young people; since then, Rock Challenge has expanded into many areas across the UK; in 2016 there are 49 days of events.\n",
      "\n",
      "All the events in the UK are funded by the Be Your Best Foundation (Registered Charity Number 1077291), a non-profit charity set up by the creators of the Rock Challenge in the UK who source funding for the events across the UK.'\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The premise of the Rock Challenge is that each school puts together an 8-minute dance and drama production on a theme of their choice set to a soundtrack of commercially available music.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Adam Hughes\n",
      "\n",
      "Adam Hughes (born May 5, 1967) is an American comic book artist and illustrator who has provided illustration work for companies such as DC Comics, Marvel Comics, Dark Horse Comics, Lucasfilm, Warner Bros. Pictures, \"Playboy\" magazine, Joss Whedon's Mutant Enemy Productions, and Sideshow Collectibles.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is best known to American comic book readers for his renderings of pinup-style female characters, and his cover work on titles such as \"Wonder Woman\" and \"Catwoman\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He is known as one of comics' foremost cheesecake artists, and one of the best known and distinctive comic book cover artists.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Adam Hughes was born in 1967 in Riverside Township, New Jersey and grew up in Florence Township, New Jersey, staying there until he was 24.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hughes, who had no formal training in art, began his career in 1987.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "1975 Australian constitutional crisis\n",
      "\n",
      "The 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, also known simply as the Dismissal, has been described as the greatest political and constitutional crisis in Australian history.\n",
      "\n",
      "It culminated on 11 November 1975 with the dismissal from office of the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, who then appointed the Leader of the Opposition, Malcolm Fraser of the Liberal Party, as caretaker Prime Minister.\n",
      "\n",
      "Whitlam's Labor government had been elected in 1972 with a small majority in the House of Representatives, but with the Opposition controlling the Senate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Another election in 1974 resulted in little change.\n",
      "\n",
      "While the Whitlam Government introduced many new policies and programs, it was also rocked by scandals and political miscalculations.\n",
      "\n",
      "In October 1975, the Opposition used its control of the Senate to defer passage of appropriation bills, which finance governmental operations and which had been passed by the House of Representatives.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Opposition stated that they would continue to do so unless Whitlam called an election for the House of Representatives and urged Kerr to dismiss Whitlam unless he agreed to their demand.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bhanjanagar\n",
      "\n",
      "Bhanjanagar ()() is a town and a Notified Area Council in the Ganjam district in the state of Odisha, India.\n",
      "\n",
      "The city, earlier named as Russellkonda(Russell's Hill) after Mr.George Russel, President of then board of Revenue, was renamed later after Kabi Samrat (Poet King) Upendra Bhanja.\n",
      "\n",
      "Bhanjanagar is a town planned community situated in the confluence of rivers Loharakhandi and Badanadi.\n",
      "\n",
      "Cricket Is Played Very Highly In Bhanjanagar\n",
      "\n",
      "Famous Cricket Players In Bhanjanagar.\n",
      "\n",
      "List-\n",
      "\n",
      "1.Mantu Bhuyan\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Aggie Bonfire\n",
      "\n",
      "Aggie Bonfire was a long-standing tradition at Texas A&M University as part of the college rivalry with the University of Texas at Austin.\n",
      "\n",
      "For 90 years, Texas A&M students—known as Aggies—built and burned a bonfire on campus each autumn.\n",
      "\n",
      "Known to the Aggie community simply as \"Bonfire\", the annual autumn event symbolized Aggie students' \"burning desire to beat the hell outta t.u.\n",
      "\n",
      "\", a derogatory nickname for the University of Texas.\n",
      "\n",
      "The bonfire was traditionally lit around Thanksgiving in conjunction with festivities surrounding the annual college football game.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although early bonfires were little more than piles of trash, as time passed the annual event became more organized.\n",
      "\n",
      "Over the years the bonfire grew to an immense size, setting the world record in 1969.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Clem S. Clarke\n",
      "\n",
      "Clement Steele Clarke, known as Clem S. Clarke (October 9, 1897 – March 28, 1967), was an oilman from Shreveport, Louisiana, who was the first member of the Louisiana Republican Party to run for the United States Senate since implementation in 1914 of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.\n",
      "\n",
      "He lost the 1948 race to Democrat Russell B.\n",
      "\n",
      "Long, the older son of Huey Pierce Long, Jr.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Clarke was born in Marietta in Washington County in southeastern Ohio, but by the age of five, he was living in Beaumont, Texas, where his father, Charles Kelly \"Cal\" Clarke (1865-1927), a Marietta native who had begun employment as a petroleum pipeline worker for Standard Oil, was a wildcatter at Spindletop.\n",
      "\n",
      "Soon, the senior Clarke moved his wife, the former Maude Steele, and son, their only child, to Shreveport.\n",
      "\n",
      "There Cal Clarke became the president of the Standard Oil interests in Louisiana and subsequently relocated to the capital city of Baton Rouge.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Nathan of Gaza\n",
      "\n",
      "Nathan Benjamin ben Elisha HaLevi Ghazzati or Nathan of Gaza (; 1643–1680) was a theologian and author born in Jerusalem.\n",
      "\n",
      "After his marriage in 1663 he moved to Gaza, where he became famous as a prophet for the alleged messiah, Sabbatai Zevi.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Although he is referred to by names such as Abraham Nathan ben Elisha Hayyim Ashkenazi or Rabbi Nathan Ashkenazi of Gaza, he is more commonly known as Nathan of Gaza.\n",
      "\n",
      "After studying Talmud and Kabbalah in his native town under Jacob Hagiz, he settled at Gaza, whence his name \"Ghazzati\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The fact of his father being a German Jew gave him the name of \"Ashkenazi\".\n",
      "\n",
      "As brilliant as he was as a kabbalistic theologian and as a student, Nathan of Gaza was also endowed with other remarkable characteristics that ultimately helped to promote the messianic claims surrounding Shabbetai Zevi.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bank of New South Wales Building, Townsville\n",
      "\n",
      "Bank of New South Wales Building is a former heritage-listed bank at 101-111 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built in 1887 by Denis Kelleher.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Australian Meat Industry Employees Union (Queensland Branch).\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The former Bank of New South Wales Building was built for the Bank of New South Wales in 1887.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was third building which the bank had constructed.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "List of Being Human characters\n",
      "\n",
      "This is a list of fictional characters in the British supernatural drama-comedy television series \"Being Human\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The show's central premise follows a vampire, a werewolf and a ghost as they try to live together in modern-day Britain.\n",
      "\n",
      "Actors Lenora Crichlow, Russell Tovey and Aidan Turner composed the original core cast of the programme's first three series with Sinead Keenan joining the main cast in series 3.\n",
      "\n",
      "This setup began to change from series 4, and by the fifth series an entirely different werewolf, vampire and ghost trio played by Michael Socha, Damien Molony and Kate Bracken were starring.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Anna Clare Sawyer (Lenora Crichlow), known commonly as \"Annie\", is a ghost, appearing as she did at the time of her death in her early twenties.\n",
      "\n",
      "Up until her death, she had been living with her fiancé Owen (whom she later revealed had been her third serious relationship, her previous two having ended when her first boyfriend posted naked pictures of her on the Internet and when her second boyfriend drunkenly invited her mother to form a threesome).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hiram Wesley Evans\n",
      "\n",
      "Hiram Wesley Evans (September 26, 1881 – September 14, 1966) was Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, an American white supremacist group, from 1922 to 1939.\n",
      "\n",
      "A native of Alabama, Evans attended Vanderbilt University and became a dentist.\n",
      "\n",
      "He operated a small, moderately successful practice in Texas until 1920, when he joined the Klan's Dallas chapter.\n",
      "\n",
      "He quickly rose through the ranks and was part of a group that ousted William Joseph Simmons from the position of Imperial Wizard, the national leader, in November 1922.\n",
      "\n",
      "Evans succeeded him and sought to transform the group into a political power.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although Evans had led the kidnapping and torture of a black man while leader of the Dallas Klan, as Imperial Wizard he publicly discouraged vigilante actions, fearing that they would hinder his attempts to gain political influence.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1923, Evans presided over the largest Klan gathering in history, attended by over 200,000, and endorsed several successful candidates in 1924 elections.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "SMS Kaiser Barbarossa\n",
      "\n",
      "SMS \"Kaiser Barbarossa\" (His Majesty's Ship Emperor Barbarossa) was a German pre-dreadnought battleship of the .\n",
      "\n",
      "The ship was built for the Imperial Navy, which had begun a program of expansion at the direction of Kaiser Wilhelm II.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was constructed at Schichau, in Danzig.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Kaiser Barbarossa\" was laid down in August 1898, launched on 24 April 1900, and commissioned in June 1901, at the cost of 20,301,000 Marks.\n",
      "\n",
      "The ship was armed with a main battery of four guns in two twin gun turrets.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Kaiser Barbarossa\" served with the German navy from her commissioning in 1901, though her active career was limited by two lengthy stays in dry-dock.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first was for repairs following damage to her rudder in 1903, which lasted until early 1905, and the second for a major modernization, which began immediately after the conclusion of repair work in 1905 and lasted until late 1907.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Guided wave testing\n",
      "\n",
      "Guided Wave testing (GWT) is one of latest methods in the field of\n",
      "\n",
      "non-destructive evaluation.\n",
      "\n",
      "The method\n",
      "\n",
      "employs mechanical stress waves that propagate along an elongated\n",
      "\n",
      "structure while guided by its boundaries.\n",
      "\n",
      "This allows the\n",
      "\n",
      "waves to travel a long distance with little loss in energy.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "1804 Snow hurricane\n",
      "\n",
      "The 1804 Snow hurricane (also known as the Storm of October 1804) was the first tropical cyclone in recorded history known to produce snowfall.\n",
      "\n",
      "An unusual late-season storm in 1804, it yielded vast amounts of snow, rain, and powerful winds across the northeastern United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "Prior to its approach towards the East Coast of the United States, it passed through the Caribbean Sea on 4 October, and later emerged near Georgetown, South Carolina.\n",
      "\n",
      "By early on 9 October, a trough near the Virginia Capes turned the disturbance toward New England.\n",
      "\n",
      "Soon thereafter, the hurricane's abundant moisture clashed with an influx of cold Canadian air, leading to the deepening of the resulting pressure gradient and provoking inland intensification.\n",
      "\n",
      "While situated over Massachusetts, it attained its peak intensity of 110 mph (175 km/h), undergoing an extratropical transition.\n",
      "\n",
      "Even as it drifted towards the Canadian maritimes, consequently gradually weakening, precipitation persisted for another two days before the snowstorm finally subsided on 11 October.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Norsk Air\n",
      "\n",
      "Norsk Air was a Norwegian airline based at Sandefjord Airport, Torp.\n",
      "\n",
      "At its height from the mid-1980s and onwards it operated scheduled flights to Stavanger, Bergen, Trondheim and Copenhagen, and for shorter periods also other Norwegian and international destinations.\n",
      "\n",
      "The airline had 156 employees and 150,000 annual passengers in 1989.\n",
      "\n",
      "The company was established as a sole proprietorship by Øyvind Skaunfelt as Vestfoldfly in 1961, after purchasing Thor Solberg's aviation school at Tønsberg Airport, Jarlsberg.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition to an aviation college, the company operated various charter services using mostly Cessna aircraft.\n",
      "\n",
      "The company split into a flying school and an airline in 1972, with the latter taking the name Norsk Flytjeneste.\n",
      "\n",
      "Three 50-passenger Douglas DC-6 were subsequently bought and were among other places flown with aid charters to Bangladesh.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Triumph (band)\n",
      "\n",
      "Triumph is a Canadian hard rock power trio that was popular in the late 1970s through the 1980s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Between the band's 16 albums and DVDs, Triumph has received 18 gold and 9 platinum awards in Canada and the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "Triumph was nominated for multiple Juno Awards, including \"Group of the Year Award\" in 1979, 1985, 1986 and 1987.\n",
      "\n",
      "Like their fellow Canadians Rush, Triumph began building their reputation across North America as a live band, peaking in the early to mid-1980s.\n",
      "\n",
      "The band was formed by Toronto music veterans Gil Moore (drums, vocals), Mike Levine (bass, keyboards), and Rik Emmett (guitar, vocals) in 1975.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Guitarist Emmett's songwriting style showed a progressive rock influence, as well as displaying his classical music influence; each Triumph album included a classical guitar solo piece.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Eric Clapton\n",
      "\n",
      "Eric Patrick Clapton, (born 1945), is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and Cream.\n",
      "\n",
      "Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time.\n",
      "\n",
      "Clapton ranked second in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and fourth in Gibson's \"Top 50 Guitarists of All Time\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He was also named number five in \"Time\" magazine's list of \"The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players\" in 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play blues with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers.\n",
      "\n",
      "Immediately after leaving Mayall, Clapton formed the power trio Cream with drummer Ginger Baker and bassist Jack Bruce, in which Clapton played sustained blues improvisations and \"arty, blues-based psychedelic pop\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Dorothea Puente\n",
      "\n",
      "Dorothea Helen Puente (January 9, 1929 – March 27, 2011) was a convicted American serial killer.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the 1980s, Puente ran a boarding house in Sacramento, California, and cashed the Social Security checks of her elderly and mentally disabled boarders.\n",
      "\n",
      "Those who complained were killed and buried in her yard.\n",
      "\n",
      "Newspapers dubbed her the \"Death House Landlady\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "She was born on January 9, 1929 as Dorothea Helen Gray in Redlands, California, to Trudy Mae (Yates) and Jesse James Gray.\n",
      "\n",
      "Her parents worked as cotton pickers.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Edward Elgar\n",
      "\n",
      "Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire.\n",
      "\n",
      "Among his best-known compositions are orchestral works including the \"Enigma Variations\", the \"Pomp and Circumstance Marches\", concertos for violin and cello, and two symphonies.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also composed choral works, including \"The Dream of Gerontius\", chamber music and songs.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1924.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although Elgar is often regarded as a typically English composer, most of his musical influences were not from England but from continental Europe.\n",
      "\n",
      "He felt himself to be an outsider, not only musically, but socially.\n",
      "\n",
      "In musical circles dominated by academics, he was a self-taught composer; in Protestant Britain, his Roman Catholicism was regarded with suspicion in some quarters; and in the class-conscious society of Victorian and Edwardian Britain, he was acutely sensitive about his humble origins even after he achieved recognition.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Marijuana Policy Project\n",
      "\n",
      "The Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) is the largest organization working solely on marijuana policy reform in the United States in terms of its budget, number of members, and staff.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its stated aims are to: (1) increase public support for non-punitive, non-coercive marijuana policies; (2) identify and activate supporters of non-punitive, non-coercive marijuana policies; (3) change state laws to reduce or eliminate penalties for the medical and non-medical use of marijuana; and (4) gain influence in Congress.\n",
      "\n",
      "MPP advocates taxing and regulating the possession and sale of marijuana in a manner similar to alcohol, envisions a nation where marijuana education is honest and realistic, and believes treatment for problem marijuana users should be non-coercive and geared toward reducing harm.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "MPP co-founders Rob Kampia, Chuck Thomas, and Mike Kirshner originally worked at the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML).\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1995, after months of in-fighting, NORML director Richard Cowan fired Kampia, Thomas, and another staffer who had been pressing Cowan for organizational change.\n",
      "\n",
      "Kirshner quit NORML at the same time.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "French colonization of Texas\n",
      "\n",
      "The French colonization of Texas began with Fort Saint Louis in present-day southeastern Texas.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle.\n",
      "\n",
      "He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead to the west, off the coast of Texas.\n",
      "\n",
      "The colony survived until 1688.\n",
      "\n",
      "The present-day town of Inez is near the fort's site.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The colony faced numerous difficulties during its brief existence, including Native Americans defending their homeland, epidemics, and harsh conditions.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Goose Lake Valley\n",
      "\n",
      "The Goose Lake Valley is located in south-central Oregon and northeastern California in the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a high valley at the northwestern corner of North America's Great Basin.\n",
      "\n",
      "Much of the valley floor is covered by Goose Lake, a large endorheic lake that straddles the Oregon–California border.\n",
      "\n",
      "Native Americans inhabited the Goose Lake Valley for thousands of years before explorers arrived in the 19th century.\n",
      "\n",
      "The pioneer wagon route known as the Applegate Trail crossed the Goose Lake Valley on its way to southern Oregon.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the south end of Goose Lake, the Lassen Cutoff separated from the Applegate Trail and headed south toward the Sacramento Valley.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, Lakeview, Oregon, is the largest settlement in the valley.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Home video game console\n",
      "\n",
      "A home video game console or simply home console is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment.\n",
      "\n",
      "Home consoles are one type of video game consoles, in contrast to the handheld game consoles which are smaller and portable, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place, along with microconsoles and dedicated consoles.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Although the first video games appeared in the 1950s, they were played on massive computers connected to vector displays, not analog televisions.\n",
      "\n",
      "Ralph H. Baer conceived the idea of a home video game in 1951.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the late 1960s while working for Sanders Associates he created a series of \"video game console\" designs.\n",
      "\n",
      "One of these designs, which gained the nickname of the \"Brown Box\", featured changeable game modes and was demonstrated to several TV manufactures ultimately leading to an agreement between Sanders Associates and Magnavox.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Mirror Has Two Faces\n",
      "\n",
      "The Mirror Has Two Faces is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film produced and directed by Barbra Streisand, who also stars.\n",
      "\n",
      "The screenplay by Richard LaGravenese is loosely based on the 1958 French film \"Le Miroir à deux faces\" written by André Cayatte and Gérard Oury, which focused on a homely woman who becomes a beauty, which creates problems in her marriage.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film also stars Jeff Bridges, Pierce Brosnan, George Segal, Mimi Rogers, Brenda Vaccaro and Lauren Bacall.\n",
      "\n",
      "Streisand who, with Marvin Hamlisch, Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, and Bryan Adams, also composed the film's theme song, \"I Finally Found Someone\", and sang it on the soundtrack with Adams.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Rose Morgan (Streisand), a shy, plain, middle-aged English literature professor at Columbia University, shares a home with her vain, overbearing mother Hannah (Bacall).\n",
      "\n",
      "Her attractive sister Claire (Rogers) starts making preparations for her third wedding to Alex (Brosnan), who used to date Rose, so she begins to feel her loveless life is empty.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Climatic Research Unit documents\n",
      "\n",
      "Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists.\n",
      "\n",
      "A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request.\n",
      "\n",
      "Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct.\n",
      "\n",
      "The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.\n",
      "\n",
      "The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit.\n",
      "\n",
      "It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rocks Guesthouse\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rocks Guesthouse is a heritage-listed detached house at 20 Cleveland Terrace, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built from to .\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 April 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rocks Guesthouse was constructed -1900 as a private residence, on land held by Elizabeth Hamilton, wife of pastoralist and prominent publican Frederic Hamilton.\n",
      "\n",
      "Built as an investment, the house was leased to middle class tenants.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1909 Dr Ernest Humphrey converted it into a private hospital, which it remained until a further conversion in the mid-1930s into a guesthouse.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Taboo Tuesday (2004)\n",
      "\n",
      "Taboo Tuesday (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and presented by AT&T which took place on October 19, 2004 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was the first annual Taboo Tuesday event, marking the first time in which the fans were given the chance to vote on stipulations for the matches.\n",
      "\n",
      "The voting for the event started on October 18, 2004 and ended during the event.\n",
      "\n",
      "Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card.\n",
      "\n",
      "The buildup to the matches and the scenarios that took place before, during, and after the event were planned by WWE's script writers.\n",
      "\n",
      "The event starred wrestlers from the Raw brand: a storyline expansion of the promotion where employees are assigned to a wrestling brand under the WWE banner.\n",
      "\n",
      "The main event was a Steel cage match, which is fought in a cage with four sheets of mesh metal around, in, or against the edges of the wrestling ring, in which Randy Orton defeated Ric Flair by pinfall.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Townsville School of Arts\n",
      "\n",
      "Townsville School of Arts is a heritage-listed former school of arts and now community cultural centre at Stanley Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by Eyre & Munro and built in 1891 by James Smith.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Dance North and Townsville Arts Centre.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The School of Arts building was designed by Townsville architects Eyre and Munro.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was constructed by local builder James Smith and opened in May 1891.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Jodie Foster\n",
      "\n",
      "Alicia Christian \"Jodie\" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress, director and producer who has worked in films and on television.\n",
      "\n",
      "She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation.\n",
      "\n",
      "Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965, and two years later moved to acting in television series, with the sitcom \"Mayberry R.F.D.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "being her debut.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children's films.\n",
      "\n",
      "Foster's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese's \"Taxi Driver\" (1976), in which she played a teenage prostitute; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award.\n",
      "\n",
      "Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical \"Bugsy Malone\" (1976) and the thriller \"The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane\" (1976), and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney's \"Freaky Friday\" (1976), \"Candleshoe\" (1977) and \"Foxes\" (1980).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling\n",
      "\n",
      "Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling refers to two separate fights between the two which are among boxing's most talked about bouts.\n",
      "\n",
      "Schmeling won the first match by a knockout in round twelve, but in the second match, Louis won through a knockout in the first round.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although the two champions met to create a pugilistic spectacle remarkable on its own terms, the two fights came to embody the broader political and social conflict of the times.\n",
      "\n",
      "As the most significant African American athlete of his age and the most significant African-American boxer since Jack Johnson, Louis was a focal point for African American pride in the 1930s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Moreover, as a contest between representatives of the United States and Nazi Germany during the 1930s, the fights came to symbolize the struggle between democracy and fascism.\n",
      "\n",
      "Louis' performance in the bouts therefore elevated him to the status of the first true African American national hero in the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Chess handicap\n",
      "\n",
      "A handicap (or \"odds\") in chess is a way to enable a weaker player to have a chance of winning against a stronger one.\n",
      "\n",
      "There are a variety of such handicaps, such as material odds (the stronger player surrenders a certain piece or pieces), extra moves (the weaker player has an agreed number of moves at the beginning of the game), extra time on the chess clock, and special conditions (such as requiring the odds-giver to deliver checkmate with a specified piece or pawn).\n",
      "\n",
      "Various permutations of these, such as \"pawn and two moves\", are also possible.\n",
      "\n",
      "Handicaps were quite popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, when chess was often played for money stakes, in order to induce weaker players to play for wagers.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, except for time odds, handicaps are rarely seen.\n",
      "\n",
      "Rybka, however, a top-rated computer chess engine, played a successful series of handicap matches in 2007 and 2008 against human chess masters.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some new chess websites offer handicap options to their users.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bahá'í Faith in Morocco\n",
      "\n",
      "The Bahá'í Faith in Morocco began about 1946.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1953 the Bahá'ís initiated a Ten Year Crusade during which a number of Bahá'ís pioneered to various parts of Morocco—many of whom came from Egypt and a few from the United States including Helen Elsie Austin.\n",
      "\n",
      "By April 1955 the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly of Ceuta was elected.\n",
      "\n",
      "By January 1958 the first Bahá'í summer school was held in Rabat.\n",
      "\n",
      "By spring 1958 the Bahá'í population may have been 100 and there were six assemblies and a regional committee coordinated activities promulgating the religion.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1960 the first all-Moroccan local assembly was elected in Zaouiat Cheikh and most of its members were Berbers.\n",
      "\n",
      "On December 7, 1961 an article in Al Alam laments the decline of Islam and attacks the Bahá'ís.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A. C. Alles\n",
      "\n",
      "Hon.\n",
      "\n",
      "Justice Anthony Christopher Alles or A.C. Alles (1911–2003) was a former Judge of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and also a non-fiction (crime) writer.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Anthony Christopher (Christie) Alles was born at Matale, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on 9 July 1911.\n",
      "\n",
      "After receiving his early education under the Jesuit fathers at St.Aloysius College in Galle, and at the Ceylon University, he joined the Ceylon Law College as an advocate student, and, after obtaining First Class Honours in his Law Final, was enrolled as an Advocate of the Supreme Court in 1939.\n",
      "\n",
      "He obtained his degree in Laws of the London University in 1942.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Underground Luxury\n",
      "\n",
      "Underground Luxury is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B.\n",
      "\n",
      "The album was released on December 17, 2013, by Grand Hustle Records, Rebel Rock Entertainment and Atlantic Records.\n",
      "\n",
      "The album was supported by five singles \"We Still in This Bitch\", \"HeadBand\", \"Ready\", \"John Doe\" and \"Throwback\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The album features guest appearances from Future, 2 Chainz, T.I., Juicy J, Priscilla Renea, Ester Dean and Chris Brown among others.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Underground Luxury\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics.\n",
      "\n",
      "The album debuted at number 22 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 35,000 copies in its first week of release.\n",
      "\n",
      "The album was certified gold by the RIAA August 5, 2016.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "George Grossmith\n",
      "\n",
      "George Grossmith (9 December 1847 – 1 March 1912) was an English comedian, writer, composer, actor, and singer.\n",
      "\n",
      "His performing career spanned more than four decades.\n",
      "\n",
      "As a writer and composer, he created 18 comic operas, nearly 100 musical sketches, some 600 songs and piano pieces, three books and both serious and comic pieces for newspapers and magazines.\n",
      "\n",
      "Grossmith is best remembered for two aspects of his career.\n",
      "\n",
      "First, he created a series of nine memorable characters in the comic operas of Gilbert and Sullivan from 1877 to 1889, including Sir Joseph Porter, in \"H.M.S.\n",
      "\n",
      "Pinafore\" (1878), the Major-General in \"The Pirates of Penzance\" (1880) and Ko-Ko in \"The Mikado\" (1885–87).\n",
      "\n",
      "Second, he wrote, in collaboration with his brother Weedon, the 1892 comic novel \"The Diary of a Nobody\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Zhu Wen\n",
      "\n",
      "Emperor Taizu of Later Liang (後梁太祖), personal name Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) (852–912), né Zhu Wen (朱溫), name later changed to Zhu Huang (朱晃), nickname Zhu San (朱三, literally, \"the third Zhu\"), was a \"Jiedushi\" (military governor) at the end of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who previously served as a general under the rival Emperor Huang Chao's Empire of Qi and overthrew Empire of Tang in 907, established the Later Liang as its emperor, and ushered in the era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.\n",
      "\n",
      "Zhu was able to conquer much of central China, but most of Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei remained outside his reach, controlled by rival states Qi, Jin, and Yan respectively.\n",
      "\n",
      "Most of his later campaigns were directed at the Shatuo-ruled Jin state (later to become the Later Tang) based in Shanxi, but they mostly ended in failure due to the resourcefulness of the Jin leaders, first under Li Keyong and then later under his son, Li Cunxu.\n",
      "\n",
      "Due to his emphasis on unifying the north Taizu was not able to make any inroads into the south, which came to be controlled by about a dozen different states over the next few decades during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.\n",
      "\n",
      "The rulers in the south largely were nominally submissive to him with the exception of major states Wu and Former Shu.\n",
      "\n",
      "Emperor Taizu's reign lasted until 912 when he was killed by his son Zhu Yougui.\n",
      "\n",
      "Zhu Yougui was subsequently overthrown by his brother Zhu Youzhen the next year.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Battle of the Samichon River\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of the Samichon River (24–26 July 1953) was fought during the final days of the Korean War between United Nations (UN) forces—primarily Australian and American—and the Chinese communist People's Volunteer Army.\n",
      "\n",
      "The fighting took place on a key position on the Jamestown Line known as The Hook and saw the defending UN troops, including the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) from the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade and the US 7th Marine Regiment, fight off numerous assaults by the Chinese 137th Division during two concerted night attacks, inflicting numerous casualties on the Chinese with heavy artillery and small arms fire.\n",
      "\n",
      "The action was part of a larger, divisional-sized Chinese attack against the US 1st Marine Division, with diversionary assaults mounted against the Australians.\n",
      "\n",
      "With the peace talks in Panmunjom reaching a conclusion, the Chinese had been eager to gain a last-minute victory over the UN forces and the battle was the last of the war before the official signing of the Korean Armistice.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the action the Chinese had attempted to make a breakthrough to the Imjin River along the divisional boundary between the US 1st Marine Division and the 1st Commonwealth Division in order to turn the Marine division's flank.\n",
      "\n",
      "Yet with well-coordinated indirect fires from the divisional artillery, including 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery, and support from British Centurion tanks of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 2 RAR successfully thwarted both assaults, holding a key position known as The Hook.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later, it was estimated that Chinese casualties numbered between 2,000 and 3,000 killed, with the majority of them inflicted by the New Zealand gunners.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Paul Păun\n",
      "\n",
      "Paul Păun, September 5, 1915 – April 9, 1994 (born Zaharia Herșcovici, and who later in life changed his legal name to Zaharia Zaharia), also signed his work Paul Paon and Paul Paon Zaharia.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was a Romanian and Israeli avant-garde poet and visual artist, who wrote in Romanian and French and produced surrealist and abstract drawings.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was also a medical doctor and surgeon.\n",
      "\n",
      "His work is registered with the ADAGP (Société des Auteurs dans les Arts Graphiques et Plastiques) and the SGDL (Société des Gens de Lettres).\n",
      "\n",
      "Inspired in his youth by the poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Sergei Yesenin and by the Romanian avant-garde magazine \"unu\", he was a co-founder in the early 1930sof the magazines \"Alge\" and \"Viața Imediată\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Păun set himself the goal of making poetry a living experience.\n",
      "\n",
      "He experimented briefly with licentious, ludic themes (and was thus prosecuted for pornography) before turning to Marxism and proletkult aesthetics.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Delirious?\n",
      "\n",
      "Delirious?\n",
      "\n",
      "(formerly known as The Cutting Edge Band) were an English Contemporary Christian band.\n",
      "\n",
      "For the majority of their career, the lineup featured Martin Smith on vocals and guitar, Stu G (full name Stuart Garrard) on guitar and backing vocals, Jon Thatcher on bass guitar, Tim Jupp on keys and piano, and Stew Smith on drums and percussion.\n",
      "\n",
      "During their final two years, drumming duties were assumed by Paul Evans.\n",
      "\n",
      "They are perhaps best known for their modern worship songs \"Rain Down\", \"Majesty\", \"Lord You Have My Heart\", \"Thank You for Saving Me\", \"Did You Feel the Mountains Tremble?\n",
      "\n",
      "\", \"What a Friend I've Found\" and their 1994 song \"I Could Sing of Your Love Forever\", which has been called a \"modern worship classic\" and is their most popular song in the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Cutting Edge Band had various members from 1992 to 1996 before the decision was made to take the band full-time as Delirious?\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Battle of the Piney Woods\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of the Piney Woods is a notable college football rivalry, which is the annual battle between Sam Houston State University and Stephen F. Austin State University.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is one of the oldest rivalries in the state of Texas, with Sam Houston State located in Huntsville, Texas, and Stephen F. Austin located in Nacogdoches, Texas.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of the Piney Woods is the rivalry between the Sam Houston State Bearkats and the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks.\n",
      "\n",
      "The rivalry is currently the second longest in the FCS with Bearkats leading the series in football 52-35-2 as of 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "On October 20, 2009, according to \"SFA Jacks.com\" and GoBearkats.com the Universities announced the rivalry will be moved down to Houston, Texas, in Reliant Stadium from now until 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Lumberjacks came away with a 31-28 victory in the debut game at Reliant Stadium in front of a record crowd of 24,685.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bob King (basketball)\n",
      "\n",
      "Bob King (August 24, 1923 – December 10, 2004) was a college basketball coach and administrator.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was head coach at the University of New Mexico from 1962 to 1972 and at Indiana State University from 1975 to 1978.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also served as Assistant Athletics Director at New Mexico (1972–73) and Athletics Director at Indiana State (1974–80).\n",
      "\n",
      "King coached basketball Hall of Famers Larry Bird, Mel Daniels, and Don Nelson.\n",
      "\n",
      "The success of his New Mexico teams led to the construction of The Pit, the home venue of the Lobos, and its court is named after him.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also assembled the Indiana State team that went to the 1979 NCAA Final Four and lost in the championship game.\n",
      "\n",
      "Both schools have inducted King into their Athletics Halls of Fame, as has the Missouri Valley Conference.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Chris Redfield\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Chris Redfield debuted in the original \"Resident Evil\" as one of the playable protagonists, along with Jill Valentine, partnered with the rookie officer Rebecca Chambers.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is introduced as a former U.S. military pilot hailing from New York City, and a member of the Raccoon City Police Special Tactics And Rescue Service's (STARS) Alpha team which was sent to investigate the disappearance of Bravo team after their helicopter went missing in a nearby forest.\n",
      "\n",
      "Chris, accompanied by Albert Wesker, Barry Burton and Jill Valentine, soon find themselves trapped in the nearby mansion, which is filled with horrific monsters and deadly traps.\n",
      "\n",
      "Chris's scenario is more challenging than Jill's, as he has a smaller carrying capacity and lacks certain items.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is also not equipped with a lockpick and so needs to find small desk keys.\n",
      "\n",
      "On the other hand, Chris can take a lot more damage from enemies than Jill.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Collocation (remote sensing)\n",
      "\n",
      "Collocation is a procedure used in remote sensing\n",
      "\n",
      "to match measurements from two or more different instruments.\n",
      "\n",
      "This is done for two main reasons:\n",
      "\n",
      "for validation purposes when comparing measurements of the same variable,\n",
      "\n",
      "and to relate measurements of two different variables\n",
      "\n",
      "either for performing retrievals or for prediction.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the second case the data is later fed into some type of statistical\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Extreme Rules (2016)\n",
      "\n",
      "Extreme Rules (2016) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by WWE.\n",
      "\n",
      "It took place on May 22, 2016, at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was the eighth event under the Extreme Rules chronology.\n",
      "\n",
      "Eight matches were contested at the event, with one being shown on the pre-show.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated AJ Styles in a Extreme Rules match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, before Seth Rollins made his return from an injury and attacked Reigns.\n",
      "\n",
      "The event received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, with praise directed at the Intercontinental Championship four-way and the main event WWE World Heavyweight Championship match.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Don Arden\n",
      "\n",
      "Don Arden (born Harry Levy; 4 January 1926 – 21 July 2007) was an English music manager, agent, and businessman best known for overseeing the careers of the rock acts like Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, Air Supply, Small Faces, the Move, and Black Sabbath.\n",
      "\n",
      "He achieved notoriety in Britain for his aggressive, sometimes illegal business tactics; which led to his being called \"Mr Big\", the \"Yiddish Godfather\" and the \"Meyer Lansky of Pop\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He was married to Hope Shaw, a former ballet dancer/teacher, who died in 1999.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was the father of David Levy and Sharon Osbourne (and father-in-law of Ozzy Osbourne).\n",
      "\n",
      "Arden's success story turned sour when his violent 'negotiating' methods and questionable accounting caught up with him, and he became estranged from members of his own family.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Born into a Jewish family in Cheetham Hill, Manchester.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mitchell Stadium\n",
      "\n",
      "Mitchell Stadium is a 10,000 seat stadium in Bluefield, West Virginia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built by the Works Progress Administration in 1935, and is located in Bluefield's city park that straddles the West Virginia–Virginia state line.\n",
      "\n",
      "The facility now serves as the home football field for the public high schools of Bluefield and its twin city of the same name in Virginia—Bluefield High School in West Virginia and Graham High School in Virginia.\n",
      "\n",
      "The stadium is in West Virginia, unlike the neighboring Bowen Field baseball park, which is in Virginia.\n",
      "\n",
      "This means that Graham is unique among American high schools in that its home football games are actually played in another state.\n",
      "\n",
      "The stadium is actually, however, closer to the Graham building than the Bluefield building.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "SU-152\n",
      "\n",
      "The SU-152 (Samokhodnaya ustanovka-152) was a Soviet self-propelled heavy howitzer used during World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "It mounted a 152 mm gun-howitzer on the chassis of a KV-1S heavy tank.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later production used an IS tank chassis and was re-designated ISU-152.\n",
      "\n",
      "Because of its adopted role as an impromptu heavy tank destroyer, capable of knocking out the heaviest German armoured vehicles—Tiger and Panther tanks, and Elefant tank destroyers—it was nicknamed \"Zveroboy\" (\"Beast Slayer\").\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Stalingrad counteroffensive, Operation Uranus, exposed the Red Army's urgent need for mobile heavy guns.\n",
      "\n",
      "Primary targets for these guns were German fortifications in and around Stalingrad.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Lifestyle brand\n",
      "\n",
      "A lifestyle brand is a company that markets its products or services to embody the interests, attitudes, and opinions of a group or a culture.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lifestyle brands seek to inspire, guide, and motivate people, with the goal of their products contributing to the definition of the consumer's way of life.\n",
      "\n",
      "They often operate off an ideology, hoping to attract a relatively high number of people and ultimately becoming a recognised social phenomenon.\n",
      "\n",
      "A lifestyle brand is an ideology created by a particular organisation’s brand (Schmitt, 2012).\n",
      "\n",
      "It pursues to embody the identities, interests, lifestyles, attitudes and opinions of an individual, group or culture.\n",
      "\n",
      "An organisation achieves a lifestyle brand by focusing on evoking an emotional connection with its consumers.\n",
      "\n",
      "Therefore, organisation can create a desire for a consumer to be affiliated with a particular group or brand.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Saints Theodores Greek Orthodox Church\n",
      "\n",
      "Saints Theodores Greek Orthodox Church is a heritage-listed church at 799 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by M. Vogiatzoglou and Joseph Gabriel Rooney, and built from 1947 to 1950 by Vause and Hayne.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The foundation stone of Townsville's Saints Theodores Greek Orthodox Church was laid on 16 March 1947.\n",
      "\n",
      "In June 1950 this Church was officially opened and dedicated, though religious practice had commenced from 1948 while the building was still being completed.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is named after three saints called Theodore.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Johann Mickl\n",
      "\n",
      "Johann Mickl (18 April 1893 – 10 April 1945) was an Austrian-born \"Generalleutnant\" and division commander in the German Army during World War II, and was one of only 882 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was commissioned shortly before the outbreak of World War I, and served with Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern and Italian Fronts as company commander in the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops.\n",
      "\n",
      "During World War I he was decorated several times for bravery and leadership, and was wounded on several occasions, finishing the war as an \"Oberleutnant\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Immediately after the war, Mikl served in the \"Volkswehr\" militia which was formed to resist the incorporation of his home town of Radkersburg into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.\n",
      "\n",
      "He served with the Austrian Army from 1920 until the \"Anchluss\" in 1938, when it was absorbed by the Wehrmacht, and he transferred to the German Army as an \"Oberstleutnant\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He commanded an anti-tank battalion during the invasion of Poland and Battle of France, during which he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class, and was promoted to \"Oberst\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Through the intervention of a friend, the adjutant of \"Generalleutnant\" Erwin Rommel, under whose command he had served in France, Mickl was transferred to North Africa to command a rifle regiment.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Jamestown Exposition\n",
      "\n",
      "The Jamestown Exposition was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century.\n",
      "\n",
      "Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It celebrated the first permanent English settlement in the present United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1975 the 20 remaining exposition buildings were included on the National Register of Historic Places as a national historic district.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Early in the 20th century, as the tercentennial of the 1607 Founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony neared, leaders in Norfolk, Virginia began a campaign to have the celebration held there.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities had gotten the ball rolling in 1900 by calling for a celebration to honor the establishment of the first permanent English colony in the New World at Jamestown, to be held on the 300th anniversary.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Horace\n",
      "\n",
      "Quintus Horatius Flaccus (December 8, 65 BC – November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace ( or ), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian).\n",
      "\n",
      "The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his \"Odes\" as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: \"He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Horace also crafted elegant hexameter verses (\"Sermones\" and \"Epistles\") and caustic iambic poetry (\"Epodes\").\n",
      "\n",
      "The hexameters are amusing yet serious works, friendly in tone, leading the ancient satirist Persius to comment: \"as his friend laughs, Horace slyly puts his finger on his every fault; once let in, he plays about the heartstrings\".\n",
      "\n",
      "His career coincided with Rome's momentous change from Republic to Empire.\n",
      "\n",
      "An officer in the republican army defeated at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, he was befriended by Octavian's right-hand man in civil affairs, Maecenas, and became a spokesman for the new regime.\n",
      "\n",
      "For some commentators, his association with the regime was a delicate balance in which he maintained a strong measure of independence (he was \"a master of the graceful sidestep\") but for others he was, in John Dryden's phrase, \"a well-mannered court slave\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ico-D\n",
      "\n",
      "The International Council of Design (ico-D; formerly known as International Council of Communication Design or Icograda, which was formerly an initialism for International Council of Graphic Design Associations) is a world organisation for design professionals.\n",
      "\n",
      "ico-D was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a non-profit and non-partisan organisation and a \"member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "ico-D members include professional design organisations, design promotion bodies, design media, design education institutions and individuals with a vested interest in professional design.\n",
      "\n",
      "Design media are affiliated through the International Design Media Network (IDMN).\n",
      "\n",
      "Individuals are affiliated through the ico-D's Friends Network which was established in 1991.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hershel Greene\n",
      "\n",
      "Hershel Greene is a fictional character in \"The Walking Dead\" whose role is depicted in the comic book, television series as portrayed by Scott Wilson and the game series.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is the widowed owner of a farm in Georgia and has previous experience in the veterinary fields.\n",
      "\n",
      "A devout Christian, with uncompromising morals and a stubborn attitude, Hershel remains fiercely protective of his large family, despite his many losses.\n",
      "\n",
      "In both the comics and television series, he is initially introduced saving the life of Carl Grimes, the son of Rick Grimes after he is shot by one of Hershel's neighbors, Otis, and becomes the moral center of the group.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the comic book series, Hershel is a farmer who initially exhibits a cold and cantankerous demeanor, before opening up to Rick Grimes and his fellow survivors, proving to be a gentle man at heart.\n",
      "\n",
      "He becomes a deeply religious man after the loss of his wife, and is of Jewish heritage.\n",
      "\n",
      "He spreads hope and reassurance to his fellow survivors, in particular, his second-born daughter, Maggie Greene and his youngest son, Billy Greene.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Deseronto\n",
      "\n",
      "Deseronto is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, in Hastings County, located at the mouth of the Napanee River on the shore of the Bay of Quinte, on the northern side of Lake Ontario.\n",
      "\n",
      "The town was named for Captain John Deseronto, a native Mohawk leader who was a captain in the British Military Forces during the American Revolutionary War.\n",
      "\n",
      "More extensive development began with sale of village tracts by Deseronto's grandson John Culbertson in 1837.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Mohawk of the nearby Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory originally controlled the townsite as well.\n",
      "\n",
      "This is the most easterly municipality of Hastings County.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was a center of industry related to timber and mineral resources until the 1930s.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the 21st century, Deseronto, located 5 km from Highway 401, is the eastern gateway to the Bay of Quinte tourist region, with the Skyway Bridge providing access to Prince Edward County.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Army of the Eastern Pyrenees\n",
      "\n",
      "The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees (\"Armée des Pyrénées Orientales\") was one of the French Revolutionary armies.\n",
      "\n",
      "It fought against the Kingdom of Spain in Rousillon, the Cerdanya and Catalonia during the War of the Pyrenees.\n",
      "\n",
      "This army and the \"Army of the Western Pyrenees\" were formed by splitting the original \"Army of the Pyrenees\" at the end of April 1793 soon after the war started.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shortly after the Peace of Basel on 22 July 1795, the fighting ended and the army was dissolved on 12 October that same year.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many of its units and generals were transferred to join the \"Army of Italy\" and fought under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the first dismal months of fighting, the \"Army of the Eastern Pyrenees\" was beaten at Mas Deu and Bellegarde and forced back under the walls of Perpignan.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then the French repelled two Spanish attacks at Perpignan and Peyrestortes.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1844\n",
      "\n",
      "Soren Kierkegaard wrote the \"Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses\" during the years of 1843–1844.\n",
      "\n",
      "These discourses were translated from Danish to English in the 1940s, and from Danish to German in the 1950s, and then to English again in 1990.\n",
      "\n",
      "These Discourses were published along with Kierkegaard's pseudonymous works.\n",
      "\n",
      "Scholars generally say that \"Kierkegaard's books were of two kinds.\n",
      "\n",
      "There was a series of books ascribed to pseudonyms, which Kierkegaard described as \"aesthetic\" in character.\n",
      "\n",
      "In \"Either/Or\", \"Fear and Trembling\", and \"Repetition\", Kierkegaard explores the nature of human passions in a variety of forms, often presenting his own experiences in a poetically disguised narrative\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The pseudonymous books as well as his discourses are understood to be directed to the love of his life, Regine Olsen.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Liu Rengong\n",
      "\n",
      "Liu Rengong (劉仁恭) (died 914) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who controlled Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) from 895 (when his one-time lord Li Keyong conquered Lulong and left him in charge of it) to 907 (when he was overthrown by his son Liu Shouguang and put under house arrest).\n",
      "\n",
      "He was initially a Lulong officer, but later fled to Li Keyong's Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi).\n",
      "\n",
      "After Li conquered Lulong and left him in charge, he turned against Li and became an independent warlord, although at times he and Li would still act in concert.\n",
      "\n",
      "His domain later became the basis of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Yan that Liu Shouguang established.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 913, however, Li Keyong's son and successor Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin conquered Yan and captured both Liu Shouguang and Liu Rengong; he put them to death the next year.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "It is not known when Liu Rengong was born — although he was said to be spreading the rumor that he would become a military governor (\"Jiedushi\") at age 48 when he later served Li Kuangwei, indicating that he was not yet 48 by that point.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "First Luther cabinet\n",
      "\n",
      "The First Luther cabinet (German: \"Erstes Kabinett Luther\") was the 12th democratically elected \"Reichsregierung\" of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic.\n",
      "\n",
      "The cabinet was named after \"Reichskanzler\" (chancellor) Hans Luther and was in office for only a year.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 15 January 1925 it replaced the Second Marx cabinet which had resigned on 15 December 1924.\n",
      "\n",
      "Luther resigned with his cabinet on 5 December 1925 following the signature of the Locarno treaties but remained in office as caretaker.\n",
      "\n",
      "He formed another government on 20 January 1926.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Attempts to form a new government had dragged on since the Marx cabinet resigned on 15 December.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Van der Graaf Generator\n",
      "\n",
      "Van der Graaf Generator are an English progressive rock band, formed in 1967 in Manchester by singer-songwriters Peter Hammill and Chris Judge Smith and the first act signed by Charisma Records.\n",
      "\n",
      "They did not experience much commercial success in the UK, but became popular in Italy during the 1970s.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2005 the band reformed, and continue to perform as of 2016.\n",
      "\n",
      "The band formed at Manchester University, but settled in London where they signed with Charisma.\n",
      "\n",
      "They went through a number of incarnations in their early years, including a brief split in 1969.\n",
      "\n",
      "When they reformed, they found minor commercial success with \"The Least We Can Do Is Wave to Each Other\", and after the follow-up album, \"H to He, Who Am the Only One\", stabilised around a line-up of Hammill, organist Hugh Banton, saxophonist David Jackson, and drummer Guy Evans.\n",
      "\n",
      "The quartet subsequently achieved significant success in Italy with the release of \"Pawn Hearts\" in 1971.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of cricket in Bangladesh\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of cricket in Bangladesh predates the foundation of the Bangladeshi state in 1971 by nearly two centuries.\n",
      "\n",
      "Cricket was introduced to Bengal by the British in the 18th century but its growth in East Bengal was slow.\n",
      "\n",
      "Following Partition and the creation of East Pakistan, both first-class and Test cricket were played there during the 1950s and 1960s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although cricket continued to be popular after independence, especially in Dhaka, the country lost first-class status and had to establish itself in international competition as an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).\n",
      "\n",
      "After winning the 1997 ICC Trophy and making a good showing at the 1999 Cricket World Cup, Bangladesh created its National Cricket League (NCL) in 1999–2000 to prepare the way for Full Membership of the ICC.\n",
      "\n",
      "This was granted in 2000 and the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) was formally established.\n",
      "\n",
      "In November 2000, the Bangladesh national team played its inaugural Test match against India at the Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Priscilla Lane\n",
      "\n",
      "Priscilla Lane (born Priscilla Mullican, June 12, 1915 – April 4, 1995) was an American actress, and the youngest of the Lane Sisters of singers and actresses.\n",
      "\n",
      "She is best remembered for her roles in the films \"The Roaring Twenties\" (1939) co-starring with James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart; \"Saboteur\" (1942), an Alfred Hitchcock film in which she plays the heroine, and \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), in which she portrays Cary Grant's fiancée and bride.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Priscilla Mullican was born on June 12, 1915, in Indianola, Iowa, a small college town south of Des Moines.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was the youngest of five daughters of Dr. Lorenzo Mullican, DDS, and his wife, Cora Bell Hicks.\n",
      "\n",
      "Dr. Mullican had a dental practice in Indianola.\n",
      "\n",
      "The family owned a large house with 22 rooms, some of which they rented out to students attending nearby Simpson College.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Exploration of Io\n",
      "\n",
      "The exploration of Io, Jupiter's third-largest moon, began with its discovery in 1610 and continues today with Earth-based observations and visits by spacecraft to the Jupiter system.\n",
      "\n",
      "Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was the first to record an observation of Io on January 8, 1610, though Simon Marius may have also observed Io at around the same time.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the 17th century, observations of Io and the other Galilean satellites helped with the measurement of longitude by map makers and surveyors, with validation of Kepler's Third Law of planetary motion, and with measurement of the speed of light.\n",
      "\n",
      "Based on ephemerides produced by astronomer Giovanni Cassini and others, Pierre-Simon Laplace created a mathematical theory to explain the resonant orbits of three of Jupiter's moons, Io, Europa, and Ganymede.\n",
      "\n",
      "This resonance was later found to have a profound effect on the geologies of these moons.\n",
      "\n",
      "Improved telescope technology in the late 19th and 20th centuries allowed astronomers to resolve large-scale surface features on Io as well as to estimate its diameter and mass.\n",
      "\n",
      "The advent of unmanned spaceflight in the 1950s and 1960s provided an opportunity to observe Io up-close.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Skew lattice\n",
      "\n",
      "In abstract algebra, a skew lattice is an algebraic structure that is a non-commutative generalization of a lattice.\n",
      "\n",
      "While the term \"skew lattice\" can be used to refer to any non-commutative generalization of a lattice, over the past twenty years it has been used primarily as follows.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A skew lattice is a set \"S\" equipped with two associative, idempotent binary operations formula_1 and formula_2, called \"meet\" and \"join\", that satisfy the following dual pair of absorption laws\n",
      "\n",
      "formula_3 and formula_4.\n",
      "\n",
      "Given that formula_5 and formula_6 are associative and idempotent, these identities are equivalent to the dualities:\n",
      "\n",
      "formula_7 if formula_8 and formula_9 if formula_10.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "John Wangler\n",
      "\n",
      "John \"Johnny\" Wangler (born c. 1958) is a former American football quarterback.\n",
      "\n",
      "He played for the University of Michigan from 1977 to 1980.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the 1979 and 1980 seasons, Wangler and Anthony Carter formed one of the most successful passing combinations in Michigan Wolverines football history.\n",
      "\n",
      "Wangler's game-ending touchdown pass to Carter in the 1979 Indiana game led Michigan's famed radio announcer, Bob Ufer, to exclaim, \"Johnny Wangler to Anthony Carter will be heard until another 100 years of Michigan football is played!\"\n",
      "\n",
      "After suffering what appeared to be a career-ending knee injury in the 1979 Gator Bowl, Wangler came back and led the 1980 Michigan Wolverines football team to a Big Ten Conference championship and its first victory in the Rose Bowl Game since the 1964 season.\n",
      "\n",
      "Upon completing his career at Michigan, Wangler ranked second all-time among Michigan quarterbacks in most career passing statistics, including passing yardage, touchdown passes, yards per completion and completion percentage.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "John Le Mesurier\n",
      "\n",
      "John Le Mesurier (, born John Elton Le Mesurier Halliley; 5 April 191215 November 1983) was an English actor.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is perhaps best remembered for his comedic role as Sergeant Arthur Wilson in the BBC television situation comedy \"Dad's Army\" (1968–77).\n",
      "\n",
      "A self-confessed \"jobbing actor\", Le Mesurier appeared in more than 120 films across a range of genres, normally in smaller supporting parts.\n",
      "\n",
      "Le Mesurier became interested in the stage as a young adult and enrolled at the Fay Compton Studio of Dramatic Art in 1933.\n",
      "\n",
      "From there he took a position in repertory theatre and made his stage debut in September 1934 at the Palladium Theatre in Edinburgh in the J.\n",
      "\n",
      "B. Priestley play \"Dangerous Corner\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He later accepted an offer to work with Alec Guinness in a John Gielgud production of \"Hamlet\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "José Maurício Nunes Garcia\n",
      "\n",
      "José Maurício Nunes Garcia (September 20, 1767 – April 18, 1830) was a Brazilian classical composer, one of the greatest exponents of Classicism in the Americas.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in Rio de Janeiro, son of mulattos, Nunes Garcia lost his father at an early age, and his mother perceived that her son had an inclination for becoming a musician and, for this reason, improved her work to allow him to continue his musical studies.\n",
      "\n",
      "Nunes Garcia became a priest and, when prince John VI of Portugal came to Rio de Janeiro with his 15,000 people, Nunes Garcia was appointed Master of the Royal Chapel.\n",
      "\n",
      "He sang and played the harpsichord, performing his compositions as well as those of other composers such as Domenico Cimarosa and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was a very prestigious musician in the royal court of John VI.\n",
      "\n",
      "His musical style was strongly influenced by Viennese composers of the period, such as Mozart and Haydn.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, some 240 musical pieces written by Nunes Garcia survive, and at least 170 others are known to have been lost .\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ringo Starr\n",
      "\n",
      "Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.\n",
      "\n",
      "He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\" and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer.\n",
      "\n",
      "Soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American rock and roll by early 1958.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Pierre Monteux\n",
      "\n",
      "Pierre Benjamin Monteux (; 4 April 18751 July 1964) was a French (later American) conductor.\n",
      "\n",
      "After violin and viola studies, and a decade as an orchestral player and occasional conductor, he began to receive regular conducting engagements in 1907.\n",
      "\n",
      "He came to prominence when, for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company between 1911 and 1914, he conducted the world premieres of Stravinsky's \"The Rite of Spring\" and other prominent works including \"Petrushka\", Ravel's \"Daphnis et Chloé\", and Debussy's \"Jeux\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Thereafter he directed orchestras around the world for more than half a century.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1917 to 1919 Monteux was the principal conductor of the French repertoire at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.\n",
      "\n",
      "He led the Boston Symphony Orchestra (1919–24), Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra (1924–34), Orchestre Symphonique de Paris (1929–38) and San Francisco Symphony (1936–52).\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1961, aged eighty-six, he accepted the chief conductorship of the London Symphony Orchestra, a post which he held until his death three years later.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Calutron\n",
      "\n",
      "A calutron is a mass spectrometer originally designed and used for separating the isotopes of uranium.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was developed by Ernest O. Lawrence during the Manhattan Project and was based on his earlier invention, the cyclotron.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its name was derived from California University Cyclotron, in tribute to Lawrence's institution, the University of California, where it was invented.\n",
      "\n",
      "Calutrons were used in the industrial-scale Y-12 uranium enrichment plant at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.\n",
      "\n",
      "The enriched uranium produced was used in the Little Boy atomic bomb that was detonated over Hiroshima on 6 August 1945.\n",
      "\n",
      "The calutron is a type of sector mass spectrometer, an instrument in which a sample is ionized and then accelerated by electric fields and deflected by magnetic fields.\n",
      "\n",
      "The ions ultimately collide with a plate and produce a measurable electric current.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "William Juhasz\n",
      "\n",
      "William Juhasz (August 30, 1899, Budapest - September 29, 1967, New York) was a Hungarian-American author, editor, cultural and religious historian, journalist, Roman Catholic lay intellectual, literary translator, university professor, lecturer, commentator, Cold War operative.\n",
      "\n",
      "Research topic: the comparative religious history of pre-Christian times.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "William Juhasz came from a family of industrialists, financiers and land owners.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many members of this family were also involved in the world of arts and letters, among whom the most important and prominent was the composer Franz Schrecker.\n",
      "\n",
      "Juhasz’s early interests and eventual career were a departure from his immediate family’s involvement in finance and industry.\n",
      "\n",
      "Influenced by some of his secondary school teachers who were recognized leading intellectuals as well as some of his classmates and school mates who became leading intellectuals of the period between the two World Wars.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Charge of the Light Brigade\n",
      "\n",
      "The Charge of the Light Brigade was a charge of British light cavalry led by Lord Cardigan against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854, in the Crimean War.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lord Raglan, overall commander of the British forces, had intended to send the Light Brigade to prevent the Russians removing captured guns from overrun Turkish positions, a task well-suited to light cavalry.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, due to miscommunication in the chain of command, the Light Brigade was instead sent on a frontal assault against a different artillery battery, one well-prepared with excellent fields of defensive fire.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although the Light Brigade reached the battery under withering direct fire and scattered some of the gunners, the badly mauled brigade was forced to retreat immediately.\n",
      "\n",
      "Thus, the assault ended with very high British casualties and no decisive gains.\n",
      "\n",
      "The events are best remembered as the subject of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's narrative poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" (1854).\n",
      "\n",
      "Published just six weeks after the event, its lines emphasize the valour of the cavalry in bravely carrying out their orders, regardless of the obvious outcome.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Magnetorotational instability\n",
      "\n",
      "The magnetorotational instability or MRI is a fluid instability that causes an accretion disk orbiting a massive central object to become turbulent.\n",
      "\n",
      "It arises when the angular velocity of a conducting fluid in a magnetic field decreases as the distance from the rotation center increases.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as the Velikhov-Chandrasekhar instability or Balbus-Hawley instability in the literature, not to be confused with the electrothermal Velikhov instability.\n",
      "\n",
      "The MRI is of particular relevance in astrophysics where it is an important part of the dynamics in accretion disks.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gases or liquids containing mobile electrical charges are subject to the influence of a magnetic field.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition to hydrodynamical forces such as pressure and gravity, an element of magnetized fluid also feels the Lorentz force formula_1 where formula_2 is the current density and formula_3 is the magnetic field vector.\n",
      "\n",
      "If the fluid is in a state of differential rotation about a fixed origin, this Lorentz force can be surprisingly disruptive, even if the magnetic field is very weak.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Army of the Western Pyrenees\n",
      "\n",
      "The Army of the Western Pyrenees (\"Armée des Pyrénées occidentales\") was one of the Republican French armies of the French Revolutionary Wars.\n",
      "\n",
      "From April 1793 until 12 October 1795, the army fought in the Basque Country and in Navarre during the War of the Pyrenees.\n",
      "\n",
      "After indecisive fighting during the first year of its existence, the army seized the Spanish port of San Sebastián in August 1794.\n",
      "\n",
      "By the time the Peace of Basel was signed on 22 July 1795, the \"Army of the Western Pyrenees\" held a significant portion of northeastern Spain.\n",
      "\n",
      "The army commanders with the longest tenure were Jacques Léonard Muller, who served from October 1793 to August 1794, and Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, who served from August 1794 until the army was disbanded.\n",
      "\n",
      "Emperor Napoleon appointed Moncey a Marshal of France in 1804 during the First French Empire.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Shōgun (novel)\n",
      "\n",
      "Shōgun is a 1975 novel by James Clavell.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is the first novel (by internal chronology) of the author's Asian Saga.\n",
      "\n",
      "A major bestseller, by 1990 the book had sold 15 million copies worldwide.\n",
      "\n",
      "Beginning in feudal Japan some months before the critical Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, \"Shōgun\" gives an account of the rise of the daimyo \"Toranaga\" (based upon the actual Tokugawa Ieyasu).\n",
      "\n",
      "Toranaga's rise to the Shogunate is seen through the eyes of the English sailor John Blackthorne, called \"Anjin\" (\"Pilot\") by the Japanese, whose fictional heroics are loosely based on the historical exploits of William Adams.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Feudal Japan in 1600 is in a precarious peace.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Calimaya\n",
      "\n",
      "Calimaya is a town and municipality located just south of Toluca, the capital of the State of Mexico in central Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "The settlement was probably established around 800 BCE, when the city of Teotenango was in existence.\n",
      "\n",
      "It remained an important town through the colonial period, part of the vast lands held by a family which came to be known as the Counts of Calimaya.\n",
      "\n",
      "The town is home to one of the oldest examples of an open chapel in the State of Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, the municipality is still mostly agricultural but there has been rapid construction of housing divisions, changing parts of it from rural to suburban.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The town of Calimaya is located south of the city of Toluca in the Valley of Toluca.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mircea Florian (musician)\n",
      "\n",
      "Mircea Florian (, also known as Florian din Transilvania, M. A. N. Florian, FloriMAN; born December 5, 1949), is a Romanian multi-instrumentalist musician, multimedia artist and computer scientist, based in Germany.\n",
      "\n",
      "Having started his musical career as a folk rock singer, in the late 1960s, he developed a fusion between Romanian folklore and Eastern music, especially Indian sound, moving into psychedelic music.\n",
      "\n",
      "He founded \"Ceata Melopoică\" ensemble, with whom he recorded a concept album.\n",
      "\n",
      "These and his solo acts earned him a cult following among rebellious youth, establishing his reputation as one of the most original contributors to Romanian pop music.\n",
      "\n",
      "Florian was also an early member of \"Cenaclul Flacăra\", a traveling music and literature circle, but parted with it when it became increasingly nationalistic.\n",
      "\n",
      "Before 1980, Florian was turning his attention to electronic music and new wave.\n",
      "\n",
      "In parallel, like other artists on the Romanian folk scene, he was pursuing his interest in non-pop ventures, from experimental rock and minimal music to biomusic, and exhibiting his installation art.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "NSB Class 73\n",
      "\n",
      "NSB Class 73 () is a class of 22 electric multiple units built by Adtranz for the Norwegian State Railways.\n",
      "\n",
      "The four-car trains were modifications of Class 71, which was again based on the Swedish X2.\n",
      "\n",
      "The A-series consists of 16 intercity trains; they were delivered in 1999 and 2000 and are used on the Bergen, Dovre and Sørland Lines.\n",
      "\n",
      "The intercity service was branded as Signatur until 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "The B-series consists of six regional trains delivered in 2002 and used on the Østfold Line.\n",
      "\n",
      "The regional trains were originally part of the Agenda concept.\n",
      "\n",
      "The trains have a power output of and a maximum speed of .\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ozzy Lusth\n",
      "\n",
      "Oscar \"Ozzy\" Lusth (born August 23, 1981 in Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico) is an American reality show contestant who first appeared on \"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He finished as the runner-up to Yul Kwon.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lusth later competed in \"\" as one of the returning favorites and then competed on the show for a third time in \"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He also appeared on the second \"American Ninja Warrior\" where he was eliminated on the obstacle, the Bridge of Blades.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "On \"\", Lusth was originally a member of the Aitutaki (Aitu) tribe, which represented Latinos.\n",
      "\n",
      "Having no particular alliance with any members, he was seen as a threat with unbeatable survival skills.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Peng Dehuai\n",
      "\n",
      "Peng Dehuai (Peng Te-huai; ) (October 24, 1898 – November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, and served as China's Defense Minister from 1954 to 1959.\n",
      "\n",
      "Peng was born into a poor peasant family, and received several years of primary education before his family's poverty forced him to suspend his education at the age of ten, and to work for several years as a manual laborer.\n",
      "\n",
      "When he was sixteen, Peng became a professional soldier.\n",
      "\n",
      "Over the next ten years Peng served in the armies of several Hunan-based warlord armies, raising himself from the rank of private second class to major.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1926 Peng's forces joined the Kuomintang, and Peng was first introduced to communism.\n",
      "\n",
      "Peng participated in the Northern Expedition, and supported Wang Jingwei's attempt to form a left-leaning Kuomintang government based in Wuhan.\n",
      "\n",
      "After Wang was defeated, Peng briefly rejoined Chiang Kai-shek's forces before joining the Chinese Communist Party, allying himself with Mao Zedong and Zhu De.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ninety-five Theses\n",
      "\n",
      "The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power of Indulgences () are a list of propositions for an academic disputation written by Martin Luther in 1517.\n",
      "\n",
      "They advance Luther's positions against what he saw as abusive practices by preachers selling plenary indulgences, which were certificates which would reduce the temporal punishment for sins committed by the purchaser or their loved ones in purgatory.\n",
      "\n",
      "Luther sent the \"Theses\" to Albert of Brandenburg, the Archbishop of Mainz, on 31 October 1517, a date now considered the start of the Protestant Reformation.\n",
      "\n",
      "Luther may have also posted the \"Theses\" on the door of All Saints' Church, Wittenberg, probably in mid-November.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Martin Luther, professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg and town preacher, wrote the \"Ninety-five Theses\" against the contemporary practice of the church with respect to indulgences.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the Catholic Church, indulgences are part of the economy of salvation.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "José Guadalupe Gallegos\n",
      "\n",
      "José Guadalupe Gallegos (April 13, 1828 - May 18, 1867) was a native New Mexican military leader, county sheriff, rancher and politician.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1854 he served as brigadier general in the volunteer Mounted Militia of New Mexico formed for the purpose of protecting communities against Native American attacks.\n",
      "\n",
      "Prior to the Battle of Glorieta Pass, he was field and staff Colonel in the Civil War and commander of the 3rd New Mexico Volunteer Infantry (NMVI) for the Union Army and commander Hatch's Ranch military post.\n",
      "\n",
      "He represented San Miguel County in the New Mexico Territorial Legislature and served both as House Speaker and as Council President.\n",
      "\n",
      "José was one of the founding members of the Historical Society of New Mexico and was a founding associate in the incorporation of the Montezuma Copper Mining Company Of Santa Fé, New Mexico the New Mexican Railway Company and the New Mexico Wool Manufacturing Company.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Gallegos was born April 13, 1828 in San José (San Miguel County), New Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Imagined interaction\n",
      "\n",
      "Imagined interactions (IIs) are a type of social cognition and mental imagery grounded in symbolic interactionism in which individuals imagine conversations with significant others for a variety of purposes (Honeycutt, 2003; 2015).\n",
      "\n",
      "The research program was founded and created by James M. Honeycutt in 1987, who was designated an LSU Distinguished Professor in 2012.\n",
      "\n",
      "He provided a keynote address at the American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery at Yale University in 1987 discussing the functions of imagined interactions and mental imagery.\n",
      "\n",
      "The book, \"Imagined Interactions: Daydreaming about Communication\" by Honeycutt (2003) which was designated a distinguished book by the National Communication Association in 2006 for formulating the original formulations and the II construct has provided a beneficial mechanism for operationalizing the study of intrapersonal communication, social cognition, daydreaming, and mental imagery.\n",
      "\n",
      "Furthermore, imagined interactions can be used in sports imagery as athletes \"imagine\" positive outcomes of their executions on specific plays or formations (Keaton, Gearhart, & Honeycutt, 2014).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In the early research, IIs were suggested as a means to operationalize the study of daydreaming as it works to shape communication interpersonally, emotions, and personality.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Monique Lhuillier Runway Shows and Fashion Collections\n",
      "\n",
      "Monique Lhuillier (born September 15, 1971, Cebu City, Philippines) is a fashion designer most prominently known for bridal wear.\n",
      "\n",
      "She launched her eponymous line in 1996.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Monique Lhuillier Spring 2013 Ready-to-Wear Collection was presented on September 7, 2012 at Lincoln Center during Mercedes-Benz New York Fashion Week.\n",
      "\n",
      "The designer found inspiration in a Mediterranean holiday.\n",
      "\n",
      "Drawing from more aquatic themes for her 45 looks, the designer incorporated abstract cranes, fish scales and koi into her prints.\n",
      "\n",
      "The gradient color story featured white, black, blue, fuchsia, and lavender.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Blackout/All Clear\n",
      "\n",
      "Blackout and All Clear are the two volumes that comprise a 2010 science fiction novel by American author Connie Willis.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Blackout\" was published February 2, 2010 by Spectra.\n",
      "\n",
      "The second part, the conclusion \"All Clear\", was released as a separate book on October 19, 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "The diptych won the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Novel, the 2011 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, and the 2011 Hugo Award for Best Novel.\n",
      "\n",
      "These two volumes are the most recent of four books and a short story that Willis has written involving time travel from Oxford during the mid 21st century.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Willis imagines a near future (first introduced in her 1982 story \"Fire Watch\" and featured in two of her previous novels: \"Doomsday Book\" and \"To Say Nothing of the Dog\") in which historians conduct field work by traveling into the past as observers.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Hank Williams\n",
      "\n",
      "Hiram King \"Hank\" Williams, (; September 17, 1923 – January 1, 1953) was an American singer-songwriter and musician.\n",
      "\n",
      "Regarded as one of the most significant and influential American singers and songwriters of the 20th century, Williams recorded 35 singles (five released posthumously) that reached the Top 10 of the \"Billboard\" Country & Western Best Sellers chart, including 11 that ranked number one (three posthumously).\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in Mount Olive, Butler County, Alabama, Williams moved to Georgiana, where he met Spencer Rose, a white country performer who gave him guitar lessons in exchange for meals or money.\n",
      "\n",
      "Payne had a major influence on Williams' later musical style, along with Roy Acuff and Ernest Tubb.\n",
      "\n",
      "During this time, Williams informally changed his name to Hank, believing it to be a better name for country music.\n",
      "\n",
      "He moved to Montgomery, where he began his music career in 1937, when producers at radio station WSFA hired him to perform and host a 15-minute program.\n",
      "\n",
      "He formed as backup the Drifting Cowboys band, which was managed by his mother, and dropped out of school to devote his time to his career.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Rickenbacker\n",
      "\n",
      "Rickenbacker International Corporation, also known as Rickenbacker, is an electric string instrument manufacturer based in Santa Ana, California.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1932, the company became the world's first to produce electric guitars and eventually produced a range of electric guitars and bass guitars.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The company was founded in 1931 as the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (ElectRo-Patent-Instruments) by Adolph Rickenbacher and George Beauchamp in order to sell electric Hawaiian guitars.\n",
      "\n",
      "These instruments had been designed by Beauchamp, assisted at the National String Instrument Corporation by Paul Barth and Harry Watson.\n",
      "\n",
      "They chose the brand name Rickenbacher (later changed to Rickenbacker), though early examples bear the brand name Electro.\n",
      "\n",
      "Nicknamed \"frying pans\" because of their long necks and circular bodies, the instruments were the first solid-bodied electric guitars, though they were a lap-steel type.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Haibane Renmei\n",
      "\n",
      "The series follows Rakka, a newly hatched (a being resembling an angel), and other characters in the city of , a walled town with a single gate through which only a mysterious group, the Toga, are allowed to enter or exit.\n",
      "\n",
      "The music for the series is composed by Kow Otani.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The series begins with two parallel scenes.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first scene is of a young girl falling through the sky, head downward and cradling a crow.\n",
      "\n",
      "The crow tries to stop the girl's fall by pulling on the hem of her robe, but cannot and eventually flies away.\n",
      "\n",
      "The other scene is of a group of female Haibane who find a large cocoon growing in a storage room.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Nu Virgos\n",
      "\n",
      "Nu Virgos () was the name used to promote the musical group VIA Gra (ВИА Гра) outside of Ukraine and other nearby countries.\n",
      "\n",
      "The name \"VIA Gra\" is both a reference to the drug Viagra and a play on words, since the first three letters stand for \"vocal-instrumental ensemble\" in Ukrainian, and \"hra\" means \"game\" in Ukrainian and it is also kind of a signature of the surnames of the two first girls of the group, VI-nnitskay-A and GRA-novskaya, the originally used maiden name of Nadya Meikher (Nu Virgos was a Ukrainian girl group that hit the charts in these countries in September 2000 with their first single \"\"Popytka No.\n",
      "\n",
      "5\"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Their first success outside the Russian language area was in May 2004 with the single \"\"Stop!\n",
      "\n",
      "Stop!\n",
      "\n",
      "Stop!\n",
      "\n",
      "\"\", an English version of their 2002 Russian song.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Battle of Guilford Court House\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of Guilford Court House was a battle fought on March 15, 1781, at a site which is now in Greensboro, the county seat of Guilford County, North Carolina, during the American Revolutionary War.\n",
      "\n",
      "A 2,100-man British force under the command of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis defeated Major General Nathanael Greene's 4,500 Americans.\n",
      "\n",
      "The British Army, however, lost a considerable number of men during the battle with estimates as high as 27%.\n",
      "\n",
      "Such heavy British casualties resulted in a strategic victory for the Americans.\n",
      "\n",
      "The battle was the “largest and most hotly contested” battle of the American Revolution’s southern campaign and led to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.\n",
      "\n",
      "Before the battle, the British appeared to have had great success in conquering much of Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions, and thought that North Carolina might be within their grasp.\n",
      "\n",
      "In fact, the British were in the process of heavy recruitment in North Carolina when this battle put an end to their recruiting drive.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2\n",
      "\n",
      "Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar 2 is an Indian reality show which is running on STAR Plus.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is in its 2nd season.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its 1st season premiered on 11 April 2008 and ended on 12 July 2008 now it has again started from 31 March 2012 and its finale was on 24 June 2012 Irfan won the title of \"Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 2\", Sreeram took the 2nd place while Akanksha took the 3rd place\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The show comprises 6 Champions, who are winners of singing reality shows and 12 Challengers, who are popular faces/runners up from the same shows who will compete against each other.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 6 Champions compete on Saturday and the one with the lowest score moves to the Challengers' group.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 12 Challengers battle it out on Sunday – the top 2 performers are up for public voting and the one with the highest number of votes moves to Champions group.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Preston North End F.C.\n",
      "\n",
      "Preston North End Football Club is an English football club in Preston, Lancashire, currently playing in the second tier of English league football, Championship.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were a founder member of the English Football League in 1888 and were the first English football champions.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the past Preston enjoyed significant success, being the first winners of \"The Double\" in English football.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1888–89 Preston became the only team to go throughout an entire season unbeaten in both the league and FA Cup – only Arsenal F.C., in 2003–04, have managed to have an unbeaten season in the top division since.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were league champions again the following season, but have not won the title since.\n",
      "\n",
      "Their last major trophy was an FA Cup triumph in 1938.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Decemviri\n",
      "\n",
      "Decemviri (plural) is a Latin term meaning ten (decem) men (viri).\n",
      "\n",
      "The ancient Romans used it to designate any ten-man commission during the period of the Roman Republic (cf.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Triumviri\", Three Men).\n",
      "\n",
      "In English it is rendered as decemvirate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Different types of decemvirates included ' (decemviri writing the law with consular power), ' (decemviri adjudging litigation) ' (decemviri making sacrifices) and the distribution of public lands (').\n",
      "\n",
      "The singular, decemvir, is used to indicate a member of a decemvirate both in Latin and in English.\n",
      "\n",
      "In English decemvirs is used as a plural for this.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School\n",
      "\n",
      "Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School, known as Charm School: Flavor of Love Girls in Europe, is the first season of the VH1 reality show \"Charm School\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a spin-off of \"Flavor of Love\" created by the producers of \"The Surreal Life\" and \"Flavor of Love\" spin-off \"I Love New York\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It is hosted by comedian actress Mo'Nique, assisted by talent agency president Keith Lewis and magazine beauty director Mikki Taylor, and features thirteen contestants from the first two seasons of \"Flavor of Love\", assigned the challenge of developing proper etiquette in a competition for $50,000 and the title of \"Charm School Queen.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The show was recorded over 25 days in an Encino mansion during Fall 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "Saaphyri Windsor was ultimately named \"Charm School Queen\" and was awarded the $50,000.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "\"First aired April 15, 2007\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ruby Buckton\n",
      "\n",
      "Ruby Buckton is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Rebecca Breeds.\n",
      "\n",
      "She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 20 June 2008.\n",
      "\n",
      "Ruby was created by executive producer Cameron Welsh.\n",
      "\n",
      "When she was first introduced she appeared to hide her problems and pretends to be strong.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was characterised as a free spirited and independent girl.\n",
      "\n",
      "Her storylines have consistently followed themes such as romance, unrequited love and rejection.\n",
      "\n",
      "In what has been described as a \"shock storyline\" Ruby discovered her sister Charlie Buckton was in fact her mother.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Christoph Wulf\n",
      "\n",
      "Christoph Wulf is professor for anthropology and education and a member of the Interdisciplinary Center for Historical Anthropology, of the special research area “Cultures of the Performative,” of the “Languages of Emotions” Center of Excellence, and of the “InterArt/Interart Studies” graduate and postgraduate program at the Free University of Berlin.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Wulf spent his childhood in a parsonage in Berlin-Britz.\n",
      "\n",
      "After his school-leaving examination at the Gymnasium Steglitz, he initially enrolled in a master's program (History, Pedagogy, and Philosophy) at the Free University Berlin.\n",
      "\n",
      "He completed the program in 1968 with the receipt of a Master of Arts degree.\n",
      "\n",
      "During his studies he worked as a student aid for Johannes Flügge.\n",
      "\n",
      "He gave up his half-time assistant's position with Flügge and went to Wolfgang Klafki in Marburg with a scholarship of the VW Foundation and the request to do his doctorate with him.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Richard Riot\n",
      "\n",
      "The Richard Riot was a riot on March 17, 1955 (Saint Patrick's Day), in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.\n",
      "\n",
      "The riot was named after Maurice Richard, the star ice hockey player for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL).\n",
      "\n",
      "Following a violent altercation on March 13 in which Richard hit a linesman, NHL president Clarence Campbell suspended him for the remainder of the 1954–55 NHL season, including the playoffs.\n",
      "\n",
      "Montreal fans protested that the suspension was too severe; the team's largely Francophone fan base claimed the length of the suspension was motivated by Richard's French Canadian ethnicity.\n",
      "\n",
      "Outside of Montreal, however, the suspension was seen as justified and, if anything, too short.\n",
      "\n",
      "On March 17, Campbell appeared at the Montreal Forum for the Canadiens' first game after Richard's suspension.\n",
      "\n",
      "His presence provoked a riot at the Forum that spilled into the streets.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Purga Aboriginal Cemetery\n",
      "\n",
      "Purga Aboriginal Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Carmichaels Road, Purga, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Purga Creek Aboriginal Mission comprised areas of land gazetted for Aboriginal purposes from 1892 until they were rescinded in 1948.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first area of land to be gazetted was R.177 situated about 8 km south of Ipswich in an area referred to as Purga Creek (South).\n",
      "\n",
      "Buildings and structures associated with the Purga Creek Mission site no longer exist.\n",
      "\n",
      "The cemetery, gazetted in 1968 but in use much earlier, retains a long association with the Purga Creek Aboriginal Mission with the earliest marked grave dating from 1918 a few years after the establishment of the mission.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tallegalla State School\n",
      "\n",
      "Tallegalla State School is a heritage-listed former state school at Rosewood-Minden Road, Tallegalla, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built from 1879 to 1955.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Tallegalla School was opened on 10 June 1879 as a state school for the local area known as the Rosewood Scrub.\n",
      "\n",
      "A timber school building and timber residence were erected at that time and the residence was replaced in 1931 by the present building.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rosewood Scrub, an area comprising what is now Tallegalla, developed in the late 1870s as settlers followed timber getters who cleared some of the dense vine scrub previously thought to be impenetrable.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Last Gasp (Inside No.\n",
      "\n",
      "9)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Last Gasp\" is the fourth episode of the first series of British dark comedy anthology television programme \"Inside No.\n",
      "\n",
      "9\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It first aired on 26 February 2014 on BBC Two.\n",
      "\n",
      "The story revolves around the ninth birthday of the severely ill Tamsin (Lucy Hutchinson).\n",
      "\n",
      "Tamsin's parents Jan (Sophie Thompson) and Graham (Steve Pemberton) have arranged with charity WishmakerUK for singer Frankie J Parsons (David Bedella) to visit as a treat for their daughter.\n",
      "\n",
      "Frankie dies after blowing up a balloon, leading to arguments between Graham, WishmakerUK representative Sally (Tamsin Greig) and Frankie's assistant Si (Adam Deacon) over the now-valuable balloon containing Frankie's last breath.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time\n",
      "\n",
      "Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time is a third-person action-adventure puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Ubisoft.\n",
      "\n",
      "First revealed in March 2003, it was released across PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Advance and Microsoft Windows in November 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Sands of Time\" is a reboot of the \"Prince of Persia\" series, created by Jordan Mechner.\n",
      "\n",
      "Mechner served as creative consultant, designer, and scenario writer for \"The Sands of Time\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The game follows an unnamed Prince whose father sacks a Maharaja's city at the instigation of its treacherous Vizier.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the attack, the Prince obtains an artifact called the Dagger of Time, while his army captures an hourglass containing the Sands of Time.\n",
      "\n",
      "Visiting Azad to present the Sands as a gift to the city's ruler, the Vizier tricks the Prince into releasing the Sands, transforming the city's population into savage monsters.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Dan Desdunes\n",
      "\n",
      "Daniel F. Desdunes (c1870 - April 24, 1929) was a civil rights activist and musician in New Orleans and Omaha.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1892, he volunteered to board a train car designated for whites in violation of the 1890 Separate Car Act to allow New Orleans civil rights activist involved in the Comité des Citoyens to challenge the law in the courts.\n",
      "\n",
      "The train he boarded was an inter-state train, and it was found the law did not apply in this case.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shortly later, another member of the Comité des Citoyens, Homer Plessy, boarded an intrastate train leading to the case, Plessy vs Ferguson.\n",
      "\n",
      "Desduens became a musician, directing bands, orchestras, and minstrel shows and playing many instruments, including the coronet, the violin, the baritone horn, and the trombone.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was known for many styles, including minstrel, ragtime, jazz, gospel, classical, and marching.\n",
      "\n",
      "He performed under the direction of Perry George Lowery in the P. T. Wright led Nashville Students and under Harry Prampin in Lash E. Gideon's Grand Afro American Mastodon Minstrels and Gideons Big Minstrel Carnival.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Guanajuato City\n",
      "\n",
      "Guanajuato () is a city and municipality in central Mexico and the capital of the state of the same name.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is part of the macroregion of Bajío.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is in a narrow valley, which makes its streets narrow and winding.\n",
      "\n",
      "Most are alleys that cars cannot pass through, and some are long sets of stairs up the mountainsides.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many of the city’s thoroughfares are partially or fully underground.\n",
      "\n",
      "The historic center has numerous small plazas and colonial-era mansions, churches and civil constructions built using pink or green sandstone.\n",
      "\n",
      "The origin and growth of Guanajuato resulted from the discovery of minerals in the mountains surrounding it.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans\n",
      "\n",
      "Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry (20 August 1695 in Palace of Versailles – 21 July 1719 in Paris), known affectionally with the moniker Joufflotte, was a member of the House of Orléans who married Charles, Duke of Berry.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Louise Élisabeth was born at the Palace of Versailles.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was the eldest of the surviving children of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and of his wife Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was given the honorary title of \"Mademoiselle d'Orléans\" at birth.\n",
      "\n",
      "After her marriage the title would be given to her younger sister Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was baptised at Saint-Cloud on 29 July 1696.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Heartbreak on Hold\n",
      "\n",
      "Heartbreak on Hold is the second studio album by British recording artist Alexandra Burke.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was released on 4 June 2012 through RCA Records and Syco Music.\n",
      "\n",
      "Recording for the album started in late 2010 and finished in early 2012.\n",
      "\n",
      "Burke collaborated with a wide range of producers for the album, many of whom are noted for their distinct dance and house music influences, including Erick Morillo and DJ Smash.\n",
      "\n",
      "The album suffered a long series of delays to its release date.\n",
      "\n",
      "Originally expected for a summer 2011 release, the original album was shelved as Burke parted ways with record label Syco, with whom she had been signed since winning \"The X Factor\", in favour of RCA.\n",
      "\n",
      "This transition also led to a distinct change in musical direction for the album, with the R&B influences of her debut album being replaced with more dance-orientated production.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "English Reformation\n",
      "\n",
      "The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.\n",
      "\n",
      "These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity across all of Europe during this period.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many factors contributed to the process: the decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible, the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars, the upper and middle classes and readers in general.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, the various phases of the English Reformation, which also covered Wales and Ireland, were largely driven by changes in government policy, to which public opinion gradually accommodated itself.\n",
      "\n",
      "Based on Henry VIII's desire for an annulment of his marriage (first requested of Pope Clement VII in 1527), the English Reformation was at the outset more of a political affair than a theological dispute.\n",
      "\n",
      "The reality of political differences between Rome and England allowed growing theological disputes to come to the fore.\n",
      "\n",
      "Until the break with Rome, it was the Pope and general councils of the Church that decided doctrine.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of the Boston Red Sox\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of the Boston Red Sox begins in , as one of the original franchises of the American League.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1900, Ban Johnson's minor Western League, based in the Midwest, declared its equality with the National League, then the only major league in baseball.\n",
      "\n",
      "Johnson changed the name of his league to the American League.\n",
      "\n",
      "Competing in the streets, the upstart placed franchises in two of the largest and most important NL cities, Philadelphia and Boston.\n",
      "\n",
      "Playing their home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds, the Boston franchise (often called the Americans during this time) finished second and third place in their first two seasons before capturing their first pennant in 1903 and repeating the feat in 1904.\n",
      "\n",
      "The team was purchased in 1903 by Milwaukee publisher, George Brumder, but Brumder sold the team in 1904.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "William Gray Purcell\n",
      "\n",
      "William Gray Purcell (July 2, 1880April 11, 1965) was a Prairie School architect in the Midwestern United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "He partnered with George Grant Elmslie, and briefly with George Feick.\n",
      "\n",
      "The firm of Purcell & Elmslie produced designs for buildings in twenty-two states, Australia, and China.\n",
      "\n",
      "The firm had offices in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Purcell was born in Wilmette, Illinois on July 2, 1880.\n",
      "\n",
      "His parents, Charles A. and Anna Cora Purcell lived first with William Cunningham and Catherine Garns Gray, Anna's parents, in Oak Park, Illinois.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tengboche\n",
      "\n",
      "Tengboche (or Thyangboche) is a village in Khumjung in the Khumbu region of northeastern Nepal, located at .\n",
      "\n",
      "In the village is an important Buddhist monastery, Tengboche Monastery, which is the largest gompa in the Khumbu region.\n",
      "\n",
      "The structure was built in 1923.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1934, it was destroyed by an earthquake but subsequently rebuilt.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was destroyed again by a fire in 1989, and again rebuilt with the help of volunteers and the provision of foreign aid.\n",
      "\n",
      "Tengboche has a panoramic view of the Himalayan mountains, including the well-known peaks of Tawache, Everest, Nuptse, Lhotse, Ama Dablam, and Thamserku.\n",
      "\n",
      "Tenzing Norgay, the first man to reach the summit of Mount Everest with Sir Edmund Hillary, was born in the area in the village of Thani and was once sent to Tengboche Monastery to be a monk.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "F. C. S. Schiller\n",
      "\n",
      "Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller (16 August 1864 – 6 August 1937), usually cited as F. C. S. Schiller, was a German-British philosopher.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in Altona, Holstein (at that time member of the German Confederation, but under Danish administration), Schiller studied at the University of Oxford, later was a professor there, after being invited back after a brief time at Cornell University.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later in his life he taught at the University of Southern California.\n",
      "\n",
      "In his lifetime he was well known as a philosopher; after his death his work was largely forgotten.\n",
      "\n",
      "Schiller's philosophy was very similar to and often aligned with the pragmatism of William James, although Schiller referred to it as \"humanism\".\n",
      "\n",
      "He argued vigorously against both logical positivism and associated philosophers (for example, Bertrand Russell) as well as absolute idealism (such as F. H. Bradley).\n",
      "\n",
      "Schiller was an early supporter of evolution and a founding member of the English Eugenics Society.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Crystal Gayle\n",
      "\n",
      "Crystal Gayle (born Brenda Gail Webb; January 9, 1951) is an American country music singer.\n",
      "\n",
      "Best known for her 1977 country-pop crossover hit song, \"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\", she had 20 number one country hits during the 1970s and 1980s (18 on \"Billboard\" and 2 on \"Cashbox\") with six albums certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gayle became the first female artist in country music history to reach platinum sales, with her 1977 album \"We Must Believe in Magic\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Also noted for her nearly floor-length hair, she was voted one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world by \"People Magazine\" in 1983.\n",
      "\n",
      "She is the younger sister of country singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn as well as Peggy Sue and a distant cousin of singer Patty Loveless.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gayle has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame near Loretta Lynn's star.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Georg Solti\n",
      "\n",
      "Sir Georg Solti, KBE (; 21 October 19125 September 1997) was an orchestral and operatic conductor, best known for his appearances with opera companies in Munich, Frankfurt and London, and as a long-serving music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in Budapest, he studied there with Béla Bartók, Leó Weiner and Ernő Dohnányi.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the 1930s, he was a répétiteur at the Hungarian State Opera and worked at the Salzburg Festival for Arturo Toscanini.\n",
      "\n",
      "His career was interrupted by the rise of the Nazis, and being of Jewish background he fled the increasingly restrictive anti-semitic laws in 1938.\n",
      "\n",
      "After conducting a season of Russian ballet in London at the Royal Opera House he found refuge in Switzerland, where he remained during the Second World War.\n",
      "\n",
      "Prohibited from conducting there, he earned a living as a pianist.\n",
      "\n",
      "After the war, Solti was appointed musical director of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich in 1946.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Howie Stange\n",
      "\n",
      "Howard 'Howie' Erwin Stange (March 3, 1924 – December 4, 1990) was an American musician, singer and pianist who played Rockabilly, and Country & Western music possessing a distinctive vocal and playing style.\n",
      "\n",
      "Howie was a musical virtuoso who had the ability to pick up any instrument and play with a high degree of technical proficiency, despite the fact that he never learned how to read music.\n",
      "\n",
      "Howie was born of four sisters and two brothers who include: Gertrude 'Kiki' Stange, Doris Stange, Frank Anthony Stange, Raymond Christopher Stange, Esther Madelyn Stange and Kathleen Leona Stange.\n",
      "\n",
      "Among the six siblings, only his youngest sister, Kathleen, lives to date, age 85.\n",
      "\n",
      "Howie achieved both national and international fame recognition, for his hit 45 record, \"Real Gone Daddy/This Old Bomb of Mine,\" released in 1957.\n",
      "\n",
      "Regarded as one of the most significant and influential Rockabilly musicians of his era, Howie's music currently resides on over 32 record compilations of the best rockabilly music ever produced.\n",
      "\n",
      "Howie's song \"Real Gone Daddy\" has achieved \"Maybelline\" status among fans.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Phoenix (2004 TV series)\n",
      "\n",
      "Phoenix (, lit.\n",
      "\n",
      "Firebird) is a 2004 drama/romance South Korean television series starring Lee Seo-jin, Lee Eun-ju, Jung Hye-young and Eric Mun.\n",
      "\n",
      "It aired on MBC from April 5 to June 29, 2004 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 26 episodes.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was about a couple who fell in love, but couldn't be together.\n",
      "\n",
      "They meet years later and their fortunes are switched.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the end they have a serious talk and decide that it is finally \"the right time\" for them to be together again.\n",
      "\n",
      "With average viewership ratings of 25.3% and a peak of 31.4%, \"Phoenix\" was among the top-rated Korean dramas that aired on MBC in 2004.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Secretaries' Day (Ugly Betty)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Secretaries' Day\" is the 21st episode from the dramedy series \"Ugly Betty\", which aired on May 3, 2007.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode was written by Henry Alonso Myers and directed by Victor Nelli, Jr.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Betty and Hilda struggle with a dilemma; Ignacio needs to return to Mexico and apply for his visa so he can re-enter the country legally, and apply for citizenship.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, the cheapest fare they can find is $1200.\n",
      "\n",
      "Betty is also juggling with the task of planning \"MODE's\" big assistants week, \"Administrative Professionals' Day\", as she prefers to call it, since \"Secretaries' Day\" hasn't been used since 1998.\n",
      "\n",
      "Betty has planned the party at a medieval-themed restaurant, aptly called The Middle Ages.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Svalbard Satellite Station\n",
      "\n",
      "Svalbard Satellite Station () or SvalSat is a satellite ground station located on Platåberget near Longyearbyen in Svalbard, Norway.\n",
      "\n",
      "Opened in 1997, it is operated by Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT), a joint venture between Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and the Norwegian Space Centre (NSC).\n",
      "\n",
      "SvalSat and KSAT's Troll Satellite Station (TrollSat) in Antarctica are the only ground stations that can see a low altitude polar orbiting satellite (e.g., in sun-synchronous orbit) on every revolution as the earth rotates.\n",
      "\n",
      "The facility consists of 31 multi-mission and customer-dedicated antennas which operate in the C, L, S and X bands.\n",
      "\n",
      "The station provides ground services to more satellites than any other facility in the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "Customers with their own installations include the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).\n",
      "\n",
      "The station also reads and distributes data from the Japanese Hinode solar research satellite.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Deebing Creek Mission\n",
      "\n",
      "Deebing Creek Mission is a heritage-listed Aboriginal reserve at South Deebing Creek Road, Purga, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built from to .\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Deebing Creek Aboriginal Home, Deebing Creek Aboriginal Mission, and Deebing Creek Aboriginal Reserve.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 2004.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Deebing Creek Mission comprised areas of land which were gazetted for Aboriginal purposes from 1892 to 1948.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first area of land to be gazetted was R. 177 situated at what is now known as Lot 219 RP858789.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Yulia Tymoshenko\n",
      "\n",
      "Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (, , née Hrihyan, Грігян, born 27 November 1960) is a Ukrainian politician.\n",
      "\n",
      "She co-led the Orange Revolution and was the first woman appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine, serving from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "Tymoshenko is the leader of the All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\" political party that has 19 seats in parliament and has Tymoshenko as its parliamentary faction leader.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party had received the second most votes, winning 101 of parliament's 450 seats.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election Tymoshenko received 12.81% of the vote, coming in second place after Petro Poroshenko who won the election with 54.7%.\n",
      "\n",
      "Tymoshenko finished second in the Ukrainian presidential election of 2010 runoff, losing by 3.5 percentage points to the winner, Viktor Yanukovych.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the first round she had also finished second.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Battle of Cowpens\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of Cowpens (January 17, 1781) was a battle fought by Continental Army forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan in South Carolina against the British Army led by Colonel Banastre Tarleton, during the Southern campaign of the American Revolutionary War.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was a turning point in the patriots' reconquest of South Carolina from British control.\n",
      "\n",
      "It took place in northwestern Cherokee County, South Carolina, north of the town of Cowpens.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "On October 14, 1780, George Washington chose Nathanael Greene to be commander of the Southern Department of the Continental forces.\n",
      "\n",
      "Greene's task was not an easy one.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Carolinas had been the scene of a long string of disasters for the Continental Army in 1780, the worst being the capture of one American army at the Siege of Charleston and the destruction of another at the Battle of Camden.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Purga United Church\n",
      "\n",
      "Purga United Church is a heritage-listed church at Boonah Road, Purga, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built in 1922.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 September 2005.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Purga United Church is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history.\n",
      "\n",
      "The community at Purga developed during the 1860s, opening its first school in 1871.\n",
      "\n",
      "The church was built as a non-denominational church in late 1922.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Ashes to Ashes (play)\n",
      "\n",
      "Ashes to Ashes is a 1996 play by English playwright Harold Pinter.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was first performed, in Dutch, by Toneelgroep Amsterdam, the Netherlands' largest repertory company, in Amsterdam, as part of its 1996–1997 season, and directed by Titus Muizelaar, who reprised his production, in Dutch with English surtitles, as part of a double bill with \"Buff\", by Gerardjan Rijnders, at the Riverside Studios, Hammersmith, from 23 through 27 June 1998.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its English première by the Royal Court Theatre opened after the Dutch première, at the Ambassadors Theatre, in London, on 12 September 1996.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Both in their forties\" (n. pag.\n",
      "\n",
      "[ii]).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Time: \"Now\"\" (n. pag.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "William George Malone\n",
      "\n",
      "Lieutenant Colonel William George Malone (24 January 18598 August 1915) was an officer in the New Zealand Military Forces who served in the First World War.\n",
      "\n",
      "He commanded the Wellington Infantry Battalion during the Gallipoli Campaign, and was killed in action during the Battle of Chunuk Bair.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in England, Malone emigrated to New Zealand in 1880 and joined the New Zealand Armed Constabulary.\n",
      "\n",
      "After two years service in the Taranaki region, he worked at Opunake and later took up farming on land he bought with his brother near Stratford.\n",
      "\n",
      "He studied to become a lawyer and worked in New Plymouth in partnership with other lawyers but later set up his own practice in Stratford.\n",
      "\n",
      "A volunteer in New Zealand's militia, he helped raised the Stratford Rifle Volunteers.\n",
      "\n",
      "When the militia was abolished and replaced with the Territorial Force, he was made commander of 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A. R. Pillai\n",
      "\n",
      "Ayyappan Pillai Raman Pillai (1880–1938), also known as A. Raman Pillai or A. R. Pillai, was an Indian expatriate who worked for India's freedom in Germany, journalist, writer and a book publisher in Göttingen in Germany.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Pillai was born on December 26, 1879 as the only son of Padmanabha Pillai, a Govt.\n",
      "\n",
      "School Inspector, who hailed from the then South Travancore.\n",
      "\n",
      "A. R. Pillai's mother, Narayani Pillai Kaaliyamma Pillai, niece (maternal cousin's daughter) of the famous Easwara Pillai Vicharippukar, was a member of an aristocratic and affluent Hindu (Nair) matriarchal/matrilineal joint family.\n",
      "\n",
      "The family lived in a large complex of buildings known as Punnackal, situated on the western side of Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple inside the Fort, Thiruvananthapuram.\n",
      "\n",
      "The house had been built for Easwara Pillai Vicharippukaar, the celebrated doyen of Kathakali actors of Valia Kottaaram Kathakali Yogam of 19th century Travancore State and Palace manager (Palliyara Vicharippukaar) in the Travancore Palace, by his patron and king, Uthram Thirunaal MarthandaVarma.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Yes/No (Glee)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Yes/No\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the fifty-fourth overall.\n",
      "\n",
      "Written by Brad Falchuk and directed by Eric Stoltz, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on January 17, 2012.\n",
      "\n",
      "It contains the revelation of an elopement, and two marriage proposals, including the proposal by Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) to Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays).\n",
      "\n",
      "Reviews were mixed for the episode.\n",
      "\n",
      "While Will's actual proposal to Emma was received with more favor than not, the scene where Will asks Finn (Cory Monteith) to be his best man was roundly condemned: the notion that Will had no adult friends and would ask one of his students was inconceivable to many.\n",
      "\n",
      "There was acclaim for the subplot featuring Becky's (Lauren Potter) pursuit of Artie (Kevin McHale), and her mental voiceovers by Helen Mirren.\n",
      "\n",
      "The musical performances from the episode were greeted more positively than the episode as a whole.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Dirgantara Air Service Flight 3130\n",
      "\n",
      "Dirgantara Air Service Flight 3130 (DIR3130/AW3130) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Dirgantara Air Service from Datah Dawai Airport, Malinau Regency, East Kalimantan to its provincial capital's airport, Samarinda Temindung Airport, Samarinda, East Kalimantan.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 18 November 2000, the aircraft conducting the flight, a Britten Norman Islander BN-2 sheared tree tops and crashed onto the forest near the airport shortly after take off.\n",
      "\n",
      "Search and rescue team immediately found the wreckage of Flight 3130 and the survivors.\n",
      "\n",
      "No one was killed in the crash, but all 18 people on board were injured in the crash, 11 of them were seriously hurt.\n",
      "\n",
      "The final report, published by the National Transportation Safety Committee, concluded that the crash was caused due to multiple factors, which were pilot error, overloading, and lack of safety in the airport (bribery).\n",
      "\n",
      "The wrong perception by the pilot, added with the plane overloading that was caused by bribery, subsequently causing the plane to crash.\n",
      "\n",
      "The airline ceased operations in 2009 and officially went bankrupt in 2013.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Sex (book)\n",
      "\n",
      "Sex is a coffee table book written by American singer Madonna, with photographs taken by Steven Meisel Studio and film frames shot by Fabien Baron.\n",
      "\n",
      "The book was edited by Glenn O'Brien and was released on October 21, 1992, by Warner Books, Maverick and Callaway Books.\n",
      "\n",
      "Approached with an idea for a book on erotic photographs, Madonna expanded on the idea and conceived the book and its content.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shot in early 1992 in New York City and Miami, the locations ranged from hotels and burlesque theaters, to the streets of Miami.\n",
      "\n",
      "The photographs were stolen before publishing, but were quickly recovered.\n",
      "\n",
      "The book had a range of influences, from punk rock to earlier fashion iconoclasts such as Guy Bourdin and his surrealism, and Helmut Newton, in its stylized, sado-masochistic look.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Sex\" has photographs that feature adult content and softcore pornographic as well as simulations of sexual acts, including sadomasochism and analingus.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Frontier in Space\n",
      "\n",
      "Frontier in Space is the third serial of the tenth season of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from 24 February to 31 March 1973.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was the last to feature Roger Delgado in the role of The Master.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "As the Earth cargo ship C982 moves through hyperspace, it narrowly avoids a collision with the TARDIS.\n",
      "\n",
      "As the Third Doctor determines that they are in the 26th century, Jo sees a ship come alongside.\n",
      "\n",
      "Before her eyes, the ship shimmers, changing shape, turning into a Draconian Galaxy-class battlecruiser.\n",
      "\n",
      "The two pilots, Stewart and Hardy, send out a distress signal and prepare for battle.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Prankster (comics)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Prankster (Oswald Hubert Loomis) is a fictional character, a supervillain in the DC Comics universe and primarily a foe of Superman.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Prankster's particular gimmick is the use of various practical jokes and gags in committing his crimes.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Prankster first appeared in \"Action Comics\" #51 (August 1942) and was created by Jerry Siegel and John Sikela.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The original Prankster is Oswald Loomis, a criminal and conman who uses elaborate practical jokes to commit crimes.\n",
      "\n",
      "In his debut in \"Action Comics\" #51, the Prankster and his assistants break into a series of banks and force the employees to \"accept\" money.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "William Coddington\n",
      "\n",
      "William Coddington (c. 1601 – 1 November 1678) was an early magistrate of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and later of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.\n",
      "\n",
      "He served as the judge of Portsmouth and Newport, governor of Portsmouth and Newport, deputy governor of the four-town colony, and then governor of the entire colony.\n",
      "\n",
      "Coddington was born and raised in Lincolnshire, England.\n",
      "\n",
      "He accompanied the Winthrop Fleet on its voyage to New England in 1630, becoming an early leader in Boston.\n",
      "\n",
      "There he built the first brick house and became heavily involved in the local government as an assistant magistrate, treasurer, and deputy.\n",
      "\n",
      "Coddington was a member of the Boston church under the Reverend John Cotton, and was caught up in the events of the Antinomian Controversy from 1636 to 1638.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Reverend John Wheelwright and dissident minister Anne Hutchinson were banished from the Massachusetts colony, and many of their supporters were also compelled to leave.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Batwoman\n",
      "\n",
      "Batwoman is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.\n",
      "\n",
      "In all incarnations, the character is a wealthy heiress who becomes inspired by the superhero Batman and chooses, like him, to put her wealth and resources towards a war on crime as a masked vigilante in her home of Gotham City.\n",
      "\n",
      "The identity of Batwoman is shared by two heroines in mainstream DC publications; both women are named Katherine Kane, with the original Batwoman commonly referred to by her nickname Kathy and the modern incarnation going by the name Kate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Batwoman was created by writer Edmond Hamilton and artist Sheldon Moldoff under the direction of editor Jack Schiff, as part of an ongoing effort to expand Batman's cast of supporting characters.\n",
      "\n",
      "Batwoman began appearing in DC Comics stories beginning with \"Detective Comics\" #233 (1956), in which she was introduced as a love interest for Batman in order to combat the allegations of Batman's homosexuality arising from the controversial book \"Seduction of the Innocent\" (1954).\n",
      "\n",
      "When Julius Schwartz became editor of the Batman-related comic books in 1964, he removed non-essential characters including Batwoman, Bat-Girl, Bat-Mite, and Bat-Hound.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later, the 1985 limited series \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" retroactively established that Batwoman had never existed, though her alter ego Kathy Kane continued to be referred to occasionally.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Vanilla Ice\n",
      "\n",
      "Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), known by his stage name, Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper, actor and television host.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Ice released his debut album, \"Hooked\", in 1989 on Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group which released a reformatted version of the album under the title \"To the Extreme\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Ice's 1990 single \"Ice Ice Baby\" was the first hip hop single to top the \"Billboard\" charts.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although Vanilla Ice was successful, he later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge.\n",
      "\n",
      "After surviving a suicide attempt, Ice was inspired to change his musical style and lifestyle.\n",
      "\n",
      "While his later, less mainstream albums failed to chart or receive much radio airplay, Ice has had a loyal underground following.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2009, Ice began hosting \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" on DIY Network.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Sherani District\n",
      "\n",
      "Shirani or Sherani is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.\n",
      "\n",
      "The population was 83,771 as of the 1998 census.\n",
      "\n",
      "Sherani Subdistrict is entirely rural, but there are four villages of note: Ahmadi Dirga (Ahmedi Derga), Shinghar, Tsappar Kili and Manikhawa (Mani Kwa).\n",
      "\n",
      "The subdistrict lies within the Sulaiman mountain range, and its highest point is Takht-e-Sulaiman.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The district is bounded by South Waziristan on the north, Dera Ismail Khan District (DIK) on the east, Musakhel District on the southeast, Zhob District on the south and west, and Paktika Province of Afghanistan on the northwest.\n",
      "\n",
      "Dahna Pass links this district with DIK.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Timothy Hunter\n",
      "\n",
      "Timothy Hunter, is a fictional character, a comic book sorcerer published by DC Comics.\n",
      "\n",
      "He first appeared in \"The Books of Magic\" vol.\n",
      "\n",
      "1 #1 (January 1990), and was created by Neil Gaiman and John Bolton.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tim Hunter was created by writer Neil Gaiman when DC Comics asked him to come up with a four issue prestige-format series \"about our magic characters\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Drawing on a childhood spent working his way through the children's section in his local library and a childhood love of magic and fantasy stories such as T. H. White's \"The Once and Future King\", Gaiman created a character reminiscent of Wart except that instead of being destined to be King, Tim Hunter's destiny was to become the world's greatest magician.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gaiman's story was structured to use different artists for each issue, and it was the artist for the first issue, John Bolton, who designed Tim's appearance, basing him on his own son.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Wild Wild West\n",
      "\n",
      "The Wild Wild West is an American television series that ran on CBS for four seasons (104 episodes) from September 17, 1965 to April 4, 1969.\n",
      "\n",
      "Two television movies were made with the original cast in 1979 and 1980, and the series was adapted for a motion picture in 1999.\n",
      "\n",
      "Developed at a time when the television western was losing ground to the spy genre, this show was conceived by its creator, Michael Garrison, as \"James Bond on horseback.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Set during the administration of President Ulysses Grant (1869–77), the series followed Secret Service agents James West (Robert Conrad) and Artemus Gordon (Ross Martin) as they solved crimes, protected the President, and foiled the plans of megalomaniacal villains to take over all or part of the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "The show featured a number of fantasy elements, such as the technologically advanced devices used by the agents and their adversaries.\n",
      "\n",
      "The combination of the Victorian era time-frame and the use of Verne-esque technology has inspired some to give the show credit as being one of the more \"visible\" origins of the steampunk subculture.\n",
      "\n",
      "These elements were accentuated even more in the 1999 movie adaptation.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Roger Hilsman\n",
      "\n",
      "Roger Hilsman, Jr. (November 23, 1919 – February 23, 2014) was an American soldier, government official, political scientist, and author.\n",
      "\n",
      "He served in Merrill's Marauders, and then with the Office of Strategic Services as a guerrilla leader, in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "He later was an aide and adviser to President John F. Kennedy and, briefly, to President Lyndon B. Johnson, in the U.S. State Department while serving as Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research during 1961–63 and Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs during 1963–64.\n",
      "\n",
      "There Hilsman was a key and controversial figure in the development of U.S. policies in South Vietnam during the early stages of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.\n",
      "\n",
      "He left government in 1964 to teach at Columbia University, retiring in 1990.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was a Democratic Party nominee for election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1972 but lost in the general election.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was the author of many books about American foreign policy and international relations.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tanks in the Australian Army\n",
      "\n",
      "The Australian Army has used tanks from after the First World War, through the interwar period, the Second World War, the Cold War and to the present day.\n",
      "\n",
      "Throughout this period the Army has primarily been a light infantry force, with its tanks mainly being used in the direct support role.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Australian Army's tanks have seen combat during the Second World War and the Vietnam War, where they proved successful despite some of the designs employed being considered obsolete.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first Australian tanks were a small number of British light tanks which were operated mainly for training purposes during the 1920s and 1930s.\n",
      "\n",
      "The outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 led to a significant expansion of Australia's armoured force.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1942 large numbers of American light and medium tanks were delivered to Australia, along with British Matilda IIs.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition, a small number of Australian-designed Sentinel tanks were delivered to the Army during 1942 and 1943, but the type was never issued to combat units.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Vidkun Quisling\n",
      "\n",
      "Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (; 18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer and politician who nominally headed the government of Norway after the country was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "Quisling first came to international prominence as a close collaborator of Fridtjof Nansen, organizing humanitarian relief during the Russian famine of 1921 in Povolzhye.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was posted as a Norwegian diplomat to the Soviet Union, and for some time also managed British diplomatic affairs there.\n",
      "\n",
      "He returned to Norway in 1929, and served as Minister of Defence in the governments of Peder Kolstad (1931–32) and Jens Hundseid (1932–33), representing the Farmers' Party.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although Quisling achieved some popularity after his attacks on the political left, his party failed to win any seats in the Storting and was little more than peripheral in 1940.\n",
      "\n",
      "On 9 April 1940, with the German invasion of Norway in progress, he attempted to seize power in the world's first radio-broadcast coup d'état, but failed after the Germans refused to support his government.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1942 to 1945 he served as Minister-President, heading the Norwegian state administration jointly with the German civilian administrator Josef Terboven.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "1993–94 NFL playoffs\n",
      "\n",
      "The National Football League playoffs for the 1993 season began on January 8, 1994.\n",
      "\n",
      "The postseason tournament concluded with the Dallas Cowboys defeating the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVIII, 30–13, on January 30, at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta.\n",
      "\n",
      "Since the 1993 regular season was conducted over 18 weeks (two byes per team), the traditional bye week between the conference championship games and Super Bowl was removed.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Chiefs kicker Nick Lowery made the winning 32-yard field goal after 11:03 of overtime, to earn themselves a win over the Steelers in a game in which both teams combined for 770 yards, no fumbles lost, and no interceptions.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Steelers scored first by driving 66 yards, featuring a 32-yard reception by running back Merril Hoge, and scoring on Neil O'Donnell's 10-yard touchdown pass to tight end Adrian Cooper.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later in the first quarter, Kansas City drove 75 yards in 7 plays and tied the game after backup quarterback Dave Krieg, who temporarily replaced injured starter Joe Montana, threw a 23-yard touchdown to wide receiver J.J. Birden\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Fascism and ideology\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of Fascist ideology, or fascism and ideology, is long and involves many sources.\n",
      "\n",
      "Fascists took inspiration from as far back as the Spartans for their focus on racial purity and emphasis on rule by an elite minority; it has also been connected to the ideals of Plato, though there are key differences.\n",
      "\n",
      "In Italy, Fascism styled itself as the ideological successor of Rome, particularly the Roman Empire.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Enlightenment-era concept of a \"high and noble\" Aryan culture as opposed to a \"parasitic\" Semitic culture was core to Nazi racial views; from the same era, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's view on the absolute authority of the state also strongly influenced Fascist thinking.\n",
      "\n",
      "The French Revolution was a major influence insofar as the Nazis saw themselves as fighting back against many of the ideas it brought to prominence, especially liberalism, liberal democracy, and racial equality; on the other hand, Fascism drew heavily on the revolutionary ideal of nationalism.\n",
      "\n",
      "Its relationship with other ideologies of its day were complex, often at once adversarial and focused on co-opting their more popular aspects.\n",
      "\n",
      "Fascists supported private property rights and the profit motive of capitalism, but sought to eliminate the autonomy of large-scale capitalism by consolidating power with the state; they shared many goals with and often allied with the conservatives of their day, and often recruited from disaffected conservative ranks, but presented themselves as holding a more modern ideology, with less focus on things like traditional religion.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "James McCune Smith\n",
      "\n",
      "James McCune Smith (April 18, 1813 – November 17, 1865) was an American physician, apothecary, abolitionist, and author.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is the first African American to hold a medical degree and graduated at the top in his class at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was the first African American to run a pharmacy in the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition to practicing as a doctor for nearly 20 years at the Colored Orphan Asylum in Manhattan, Smith was a public intellectual: he contributed articles to medical journals, participated in learned societies, and wrote numerous essays and articles drawing from his medical and statistical training.\n",
      "\n",
      "He used his training in medicine and statistics to refute common misconceptions about race, intelligence, medicine, and society in general.\n",
      "\n",
      "Invited as a founding member of the New York Statistics Society in 1852, which promoted a new science, he was elected as a member in 1854 of the recently founded American Geographic Society.\n",
      "\n",
      "But, he was never admitted to the American Medical Association or local medical associations.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04\n",
      "\n",
      "The Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 played seven first-class matches including four Tests.\n",
      "\n",
      "India also participated in an ODI tri-series with Australia and Zimbabwe.\n",
      "\n",
      "The test series was drawn 1–1, and India retained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, because they had beaten the Australians in the previous tests series 2–1.\n",
      "\n",
      "This was the series in which Rahul Dravid managed a double century and 72 in Adelaide, giving India a famous win and Sachin Tendulkar too made 241 not out and 60 not out in Sydney.\n",
      "\n",
      "Captain Sourav Ganguly made his first test century against Australia, a 144, which gave India a lead of 86 after they were in trouble.\n",
      "\n",
      "VVS Laxman played consistently throughout this series, especially the partnership he put up with Dravid in Adelaide was instrumental in India's long-awaited victory in Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "This series was also the last for Steve Waugh, who had captained Australia to a record 15 consecutive test victories and had a 41 victories from 57 tests when he was the captain.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford\n",
      "\n",
      "Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (; 12 April 155024 June 1604) was an English peer and courtier of the Elizabethan era.\n",
      "\n",
      "Oxford was heir to the second oldest earldom in the kingdom, a court favourite for a time, a sought-after patron of the arts, and noted by his contemporaries as a lyric poet and court playwright, but his reckless and volatile temperament precluded him from attaining any courtly or governmental responsibility and contributed to the dissipation of his estate.\n",
      "\n",
      "Since the 1920s he has been the most popular alternative candidate proposed for the authorship of Shakespeare's works.\n",
      "\n",
      "De Vere was the only son of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and Margery Golding.\n",
      "\n",
      "After the death of his father in 1562, he became a ward of Queen Elizabeth and was sent to live in the household of her principal advisor, Sir William Cecil.\n",
      "\n",
      "He married Cecil's daughter, Anne, with whom he had five children.\n",
      "\n",
      "De Vere was estranged from her for five years after he refused to acknowledge her first child as his.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Growth (film)\n",
      "\n",
      "Growth is a 2010 American horror film written and directed by Gabriel Cowan.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1989 on Kuttyhunk Island, scientist Mason Lane used microscopic parasites to advance human evolution.\n",
      "\n",
      "The experiment resulted in stronger, smarter, healthier humans, but something went wrong and three quarters of the island's residents died.\n",
      "\n",
      "20 years later, a man pursued by police through the woods.\n",
      "\n",
      "As he reaches the shoreline, the writhing of a tiny parasite is seen beneath his skin.\n",
      "\n",
      "Trapped, the man dives into the ocean.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Norway\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region.\n",
      "\n",
      "About 10,000 BC, following the retreat of the great inland ice sheets, the earliest inhabitants migrated north into the territory which is now Norway.\n",
      "\n",
      "They traveled steadily northwards along the coastal areas, warmed by the Gulf Stream, where life was more bearable.\n",
      "\n",
      "In order to survive they fished and hunted reindeer (and other prey).\n",
      "\n",
      "Between 5,000 BC and 4,000 BC the earliest agricultural settlements appeared around the Oslofjord.\n",
      "\n",
      "Gradually, between 1500 BC and 500 BC, these agricultural settlements spread into the southern areas of Norway - whilst the inhabitants of the northern regions continued to hunt and fish.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Neolithic period started 4000 BC.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Liberal Movement (Australia)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Liberal Movement (LM) was a South Australian political party in the 1970s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Stemming from discontent within the ranks of the Liberal and Country League (LCL), it was organised in 1972 by former premier Steele Hall as an internal group in response to a perceived resistance to sought reform within its parent.\n",
      "\n",
      "A year later, when tensions heightened between the LCL's conservative wing and the LM, it was established in its own right as a progressive liberal party.\n",
      "\n",
      "When still part of the league, it had eleven state parliamentarians.\n",
      "\n",
      "On its own, it was reduced to three parliamentarians − Hall and Robin Millhouse in the lower house and Martin Cameron in the upper house.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the 1974 federal election Hall won a Senate seat and was replaced by David Boundy.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the 1975 state election, Millhouse and Boundy retained their seats, while John Carnie won a second seat and Cameron retained his seat in the upper house, bringing the party to a peak of five parliamentarians.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes\n",
      "\n",
      "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes (also known as Disney Infinity 2.0 Edition) is an action-adventure sandbox toys-to-life video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios.\n",
      "\n",
      "The game features additional work by Studio Gobo and Ninja Theory.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is the sequel and successor of the 2013 video game \"Disney Infinity\" and was announced on April 30, 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "The game was released on September 23, 2014 in North America, September 19, 2014 in the United Kingdom, September 18, 2014 in Australia and the rest of Europe for iOS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and Xbox One, and for PlayStation Vita on May 9, 2015.\n",
      "\n",
      "Featuring original story material by Brian Michael Bendis, \"Marvel Super Heroes\" includes multiple plots and includes characters from both Marvel and Disney properties.\n",
      "\n",
      "The main campaign is divided into three stories.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first storyline follows the Avengers as they prevent the Norse God Loki from rebuilding the Casket of Ancient Winters.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Kenny Richey\n",
      "\n",
      "Kenneth \"Kenny\" Thomas Richey (born August 3, 1964 in Zeist) is a British-US dual citizen, born to a Scottish mother and American father, who was raised in Scotland but moved to Ohio, United States to join his father in late 1982.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was on death row for 21 years in Ohio after being convicted in January 1987 of murdering two-year-old Cynthia Collins by arson in 1986.\n",
      "\n",
      "In December 2007, he accepted a plea bargain, which led to his release from death row and return to Scotland on January 9, 2008.\n",
      "\n",
      "Richey's plea bargain involved pleading 'no contest' to manslaughter, child endangering and breaking and entering.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was sentenced to time served, with the murder and arson charges dropped.\n",
      "\n",
      "A 'no contest' plea is not an admission of guilt.\n",
      "\n",
      "The accused, by entering a no contest plea, neither disputes or admits to the charges.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of the Russo-Turkish wars\n",
      "\n",
      "The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman-Russian Wars) were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European history.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "After having captured the region of Podolia in the course of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76), the Ottoman government strove to spread its rule over all of the Right-bank Ukraine with the support of its vassal, Petro Doroshenko (1665–1672).\n",
      "\n",
      "The latter's pro-Ottoman policy caused discontent among many Ukrainian Cossacks, who would elect Ivan Samoilovich as a sole Hetman of all Ukraine in 1674.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1679–80, the Russians repelled the attacks of the Crimean Tatars and signed the Treaty of Bakhchisarai on January 3, 1681, which would establish the Russo-Turkish border by the Dnieper River.\n",
      "\n",
      "Russia had joined the European Holy League (Austria, Poland, Venice) in 1686.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Endless Love (2014 film)\n",
      "\n",
      "Endless Love is a 2014 American romantic drama film directed by Shana Feste and co-written by Feste with Joshua Safran.\n",
      "\n",
      "A second adaptation of Scott Spencer's novel, the film stars Alex Pettyfer, Gabriella Wilde, Bruce Greenwood, Joely Richardson, and Robert Patrick.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film was released on February 14, 2014 by Universal Pictures in the US and UK, and on February 13, 2014 in Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Beautiful-but-shy Atlanta native Jade Butterfield, age 17, has not made any friends throughout her four years of high school.\n",
      "\n",
      "She has nixed a social life in favor of studies, wanting to do well in memory of her eldest brother Chris - who died from cancer.\n",
      "\n",
      "David Elliot, another graduating senior, has had a crush on her since they were both freshmen, yet he never had the courage to act on said crush.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Joe McElderry\n",
      "\n",
      "Joseph \"Joe\" McElderry (; born 16 June 1991) is an English singer and songwriter.\n",
      "\n",
      "He won the sixth series of the ITV show \"The X Factor\" in 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "His first single \"The Climb\" reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Charts.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was also crowned the winner of the second series of \"Popstar to Operastar\" in 2011 and the first series of \"The Jump\" in 2014.\n",
      "\n",
      "To date he has released four top 20 albums – two of them reaching the UK top three.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was the first \"X Factor\" contestant to release a fourth album.\n",
      "\n",
      "As of 2014, McElderry has sold over 2 million records worldwide.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Pennsylvania Route 641\n",
      "\n",
      "Pennsylvania Route 641 (PA 641) is a state route located in Central Pennsylvania in the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "The route is long and runs from U.S. Route 522 (US 522) near Shade Gap east to US 11/US 15 in Camp Hill.\n",
      "\n",
      "PA 641 heads east from Shade Gap in Huntingdon County and immediately crosses PA 35 before it heads across Tuscarora Mountain into Franklin County.\n",
      "\n",
      "The route intersects PA 75 in Spring Run before it crosses Kittatinny and Blue mountains and reaches a junction with PA 997 in Roxbury.\n",
      "\n",
      "PA 641 heads into the agricultural Cumberland Valley and enters Cumberland County, where it intersects PA 696 in Newburg and PA 233 in Newville before reaching Carlisle.\n",
      "\n",
      "In Carlisle, the route runs concurrent with US 11 and PA 74 on High Street and crosses PA 34 in the center of town.\n",
      "\n",
      "East of here, PA 641 has an interchange with Interstate 81 (I-81) and heads to Mechanicsburg, where it intersects PA 114.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria\n",
      "\n",
      "After 1241, the year of the earliest recorded Tatar invasion of Bulgaria, the Second Bulgarian Empire maintained constant political contacts with the Tatars.\n",
      "\n",
      "In this early period (13th and 14th century), \"Tatar\" was not an ethnonym but a general term for the armies of Genghis Khan’s successors.\n",
      "\n",
      "The First Tatar settlements in Bulgaria may be dated to the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century, when military units persecuted in the wake of dynastic feuds in the Golden Horde defected to Bulgarian rulers (Pavlov, 1997).\n",
      "\n",
      "From the late 14th to the late 15th century, several groups of Tatars settled in the Bulgarian territory (then under Ottoman rule) for various reasons.\n",
      "\n",
      "The settlers, probably nomads, eventually adopted a sedentary way of life and, in some areas, survived as compact communities for more than two centuries.\n",
      "\n",
      "The records show that the Tatars were inclined to raid villages and resist authority, and were therefore resettled among the local, just as restive, populations in Thrace.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Tatars were assigned special messenger and military missions, and were incorporated into the Ottoman military administration.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Eugene Wigner\n",
      "\n",
      "Eugene Paul \"E. P.\" Wigner (; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995), was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and mathematician.\n",
      "\n",
      "He received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\".\n",
      "\n",
      "A graduate of the Technical University of Berlin, Wigner worked as an assistant to Karl Weissenberg and Richard Becker at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and David Hilbert at the University of Göttingen.\n",
      "\n",
      "Wigner and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into physics, particularly the theory of symmetry in physics.\n",
      "\n",
      "Along the way he performed ground-breaking work in pure mathematics, in which he authored a number of mathematical theorems.\n",
      "\n",
      "In particular, Wigner's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is also known for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Sonya Mitchell\n",
      "\n",
      "Sonya Rebecchi (also Mitchell) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Eve Morey.\n",
      "\n",
      "The actress successfully auditioned for the role and began filming in June 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 14 August 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "Sonya was initially introduced as a recurring guest character, but Morey was promoted to the regular cast in July 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "Sonya is portrayed as being good-hearted, funny and loving.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was once addicted to alcohol and gambling, but moved to Erinsborough for a fresh start.\n",
      "\n",
      "While working as a guide dog trainer, Sonya met Toadfish Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney) and they began dating, but the relationship ended when Toadie got back together with his ex-girlfriend Stephanie Scully (Carla Bonner).\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mito Domain\n",
      "\n",
      "In the han system, Mito was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.\n",
      "\n",
      "In other words, the domain was defined in terms of \"kokudaka\", not land area.\n",
      "\n",
      "This was different from the feudalism of the West.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The domain's capital was the city of Mito.\n",
      "\n",
      "Beginning with the appointment of Tokugawa Yorifusa by his father, Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, in 1608, the Mito branch of the Tokugawa clan controlled the domain until the abolition of the han system in 1871.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the Edo period, Mito represented the center of nativism largely as a result of the Mitogaku, an influential school of Japanese thought, which advanced the political philosophy of sonnō jōi (\"revere the emperor, expel the barbarians\") that had become a popular sentiment after 1854.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Woodlands, Marburg\n",
      "\n",
      "Woodlands is a heritage-listed mansion at Seminary Road, Marburg, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by George Brockwell Gill and built from 1889 to 1940s.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Marburg Campus, Ipswich Grammar School and St Vincent's Seminary.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Woodlands, an imposing, two-storeyed brick residence, was erected in 1889-91 for Thomas Lorimer Smith, saw miller, timber merchant, contractor, sugarcane grower, sugar mill proprietor, and active member of the Marburg community.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by Ipswich architect George Brockwell Gill.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Lê Văn Duyệt\n",
      "\n",
      "Lê Văn Duyệt (1763 or 1764 – 3 July 1832) was a Vietnamese general who helped Nguyễn Ánh—the future Emperor Gia Long—put down the Tây Sơn rebellion, unify Vietnam and establish the Nguyễn Dynasty.\n",
      "\n",
      "After the Nguyễn came to power in 1802, Duyệt became a high-ranking mandarin, serving under the first two Nguyễn emperors Gia Long and Minh Mạng.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born into a family of peasants near Tiền Giang, Duyệt joined Prince Nguyễn Ánh in fighting the Tây Sơn rebellion.\n",
      "\n",
      "Because of Duyệt's military ability, he quickly rose through the ranks of the Nguyễn army and became a marshal when the Tây Sơn-Nguyễn war ended.\n",
      "\n",
      "After the foundation of the Nguyễn Dynasty, Duyệt served as a high-ranking mandarin and, later, viceroy of the southern part of Vietnam.\n",
      "\n",
      "His governance greatly stabilized and helped develop the southern third of Vietnam, turning it into a wealthy and peaceful region.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition, Duyệt opposed Emperor Minh Mạng's ascension and defended Christian missionaries and converts from the emperor's isolationist and Confucian policies.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Les nuits d'été\n",
      "\n",
      "Les nuits d'été (\"Summer Nights\"), Op.\n",
      "\n",
      "7, is a song cycle by the French composer Hector Berlioz.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a setting of six poems by Théophile Gautier.\n",
      "\n",
      "The cycle, completed in 1841, was originally for soloist and piano accompaniment.\n",
      "\n",
      "Berlioz orchestrated one of the songs in 1843, and did the same for the other five in 1856.\n",
      "\n",
      "The cycle was neglected for many years, but during the 20th century it became, and has remained, one of the composer's most popular works.\n",
      "\n",
      "The full orchestral version is more frequently performed in concert and on record than the piano original.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Expert system\n",
      "\n",
      "In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.\n",
      "\n",
      "Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, represented primarily as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first expert systems were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software.\n",
      "\n",
      "An expert system is divided into two sub-systems: the inference engine and the knowledge base.\n",
      "\n",
      "The knowledge base represents facts and rules.\n",
      "\n",
      "The inference engine applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "RAF Coastal Area\n",
      "\n",
      "RAF Coastal Area was a formation within the Royal Air Force (RAF).\n",
      "\n",
      "Founded in 1919, it was to act as the RAFs premier maritime arm.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was replaced by RAF Coastal Command on 14 July 1936.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) met in 1909 and decided the direction that British air power would take in the early 20th century.\n",
      "\n",
      "As far as maritime air power was concerned, First Sea Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, an advocate of the aircraft in military affairs, pushed for development.\n",
      "\n",
      "Under pressure from the services, both the Royal Navy and British Army, the Government increased spending and the aviation budget rose from £9,000 in 1909 to £500,000 by 1913.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers\n",
      "\n",
      "The Seventh-day Adventist Church pioneers were members of Seventh-day Adventist Church, part of the group of Millerites, who came together after the Great Disappointment\n",
      "\n",
      "across the United States and formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1860, the pioneers of the fledging movement settled on the name, \"Seventh-day Adventist\", representative of the church's distinguishing beliefs.\n",
      "\n",
      "Three years later, on May 21, 1863, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists was formed and the movement became an official organization.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Seventh-day Adventist Church had its roots in the Millerite movement of the 1830s and 1840s, during the period of the Second Great Awakening, and was officially founded in 1863.\n",
      "\n",
      "Prominent figures in the early church included Hiram Edson, James Springer White and his wife Ellen G. White, Joseph Bates, and J. N. Andrews.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Babson-Alling House\n",
      "\n",
      "The Babson-Alling House is a historic colonial house at 245 Washington Street in Gloucester, Massachusetts.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 2,5 story Georgian house was built in 1740 by William Allen, and remains one of Gloucester's finest houses of the period.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is a typical house of the time, with a center chimney plan and a gambrel roof.\n",
      "\n",
      "The house was bought by Joseph Low in 1779; his daughter Elizabeth married Nathaniel Babson, and their son ended up inheriting the property.\n",
      "\n",
      "It remained in the Babson family into the 20th century, eventually being inherited by Low descendant Elizabeth Alling.\n",
      "\n",
      "The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.\n",
      "\n",
      "US Department of the Interior's National Register of Historic Places description excerpts (1996):\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "BK Racing\n",
      "\n",
      "BK Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.\n",
      "\n",
      "The team currently fields the No.\n",
      "\n",
      "23 Dr Pepper/Sweet Frog Toyota Camry full-time for David Ragan, the No.\n",
      "\n",
      "83 Dustless Blasting/Cosmo Motors/Burger King Toyota Camry full-time for Matt DiBenedetto, and the No.\n",
      "\n",
      "93 Dustless Blasting/ScienceLogic/Elk Grove Toyota/Bell Bros.\n",
      "\n",
      "Plumbing Toyota Camry part-time for Matt DiBenedetto, Ryan Ellis and Dylan Lupton.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)\n",
      "\n",
      "Series 4, Episode 8 is the final episode of the fourth series of the British comedy-drama television series \"Cold Feet\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It was written by Mike Bullen, directed by Ciaran Donnelly, and was first broadcast on the ITV network on 10 December 2001.\n",
      "\n",
      "The plot follows on directly from the previous episode, as Adam and Rachel (James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale), and Karen and David (Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst) travel to Sydney, Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) impromptu wedding.\n",
      "\n",
      "Adam is sceptical that Pete is truly in love with Jo, and Jo's rich father Rod (Gary Sweet) suspects that Pete is only marrying her to get access to his money.\n",
      "\n",
      "Under pressure from Rod, Pete gets cold feet and he and Jo call off the wedding.\n",
      "\n",
      "The couple soon reconcile and marry with Rod's blessing.\n",
      "\n",
      "Meanwhile, David discovers that Karen has been having an affair with her colleague Mark (Sean Pertwee) and ends their marriage, and Rachel gives birth prematurely in a Sydney hospital.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Rocky Mountain Trench\n",
      "\n",
      "The Rocky Mountain Trench, also known as The Valley of a Thousand Peaks or simply the Trench, is a large valley in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is both visually and cartographically a striking physiographic feature extending approximately from Flathead Lake, Montana, to the Liard River, just south of the British Columbia-Yukon border near Watson Lake, Yukon.\n",
      "\n",
      "The trench bottom is 3-to-16 km (2–10 miles) wide and ranges from 600–to-900 metres (2,000–3,000 feet) above sea level.\n",
      "\n",
      "The general orientation of the Trench is an almost uniform 150/330 degree geographic north vector which has also become convenient for north/south aviators.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although some of its topography has been carved into glacial valleys, it is primarily a by-product of faulting.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Trench separates the Rocky Mountains on its east from the Columbia Mountains and the Cassiar Mountains on its west.\n",
      "\n",
      "It also skirts part of the McGregor Plateau area of the Nechako Plateau sub-area of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Walther P38\n",
      "\n",
      "The Walther P38 (also known as a Pistole 38) is a 9 mm semi-automatic pistol that was developed by Walther arms as the service pistol of the Wehrmacht shortly before World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was intended to replace the costly Luger P08, the production of which was scheduled to end in 1942.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The first designs submitted to the \"Heer\" (German Army) featured a locked breech and a hidden hammer, but the \"Heer\" requested that it be redesigned with an external hammer.\n",
      "\n",
      "The final developmental stage in the P38's design history was the Modell MP/H (indicating exposed hammer).\n",
      "\n",
      "Apparently only a few were produced before the army adopted the HP in 1938 (Modell Heeres Pistole—Model Army Pistol).\n",
      "\n",
      "The production relationship between the HP and the almost simultaneous P38 (Pistole 1938) is unclear and quite confused.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Tadamichi Kuribayashi\n",
      "\n",
      "General was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, part-time writer, haiku poet, diplomat, and General (Taisho) of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff.\n",
      "\n",
      "He is best known for being overall commander of the Japanese garrison during the Battle of Iwo Jima.\n",
      "\n",
      "Even before the battle, General Kuribayashi insisted upon sharing the hardships of his men.\n",
      "\n",
      "He also refused to permit banzai charges, which he regarded as an unnecessary waste of his men's lives.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although the United States Marine Corps had expected to capture Iwo Jima in five days, Kuribayashi and his men held out 36 days.\n",
      "\n",
      "While it is believed that he was killed in action in the final assault, Kuribayashi's body was never identified by the United States military.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 2006 movie \"Letters from Iwo Jima\" brought General Kuribayashi's story to an international audience for the first time.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "James &quot;Sawyer&quot; Ford\n",
      "\n",
      "James Ford, better known by the alias \"Sawyer\" and later as \"Jim LaFleur\", is a fictional character played by Josh Holloway on the ABC television series \"Lost\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Sawyer was born on 18 February 1968; he was initially portrayed as a conniving, sarcastic handsome flirt who keeps stashes of washed-ashore items.\n",
      "\n",
      "His flashbacks typically depict a more sensitive side to him, juxtaposed against acts of betrayal and theft.\n",
      "\n",
      "He has a romantic interest in Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly), and the two fall in love over the series.\n",
      "\n",
      "Their relationship is particularly prominent in the beginning of the third season.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the fourth season he develops a more heroic side, becoming protective of Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) and sacrificing his chance to escape so his friends can in the season finale.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the fifth season, Sawyer quickly acclimates to his new role as group leader as they are sent back through time, and after being without Kate for three years, falls in love with Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell), creating a love triangle when Kate returns to the island.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Gutterballs (film)\n",
      "\n",
      "Gutterballs is a 2008 horror film written and directed by Ryan Nicholson.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "On January 1, 2008 at the Xcalibur Bowling Centre, a disco-themed bowling alley in Surrey, British Columbia, Egerton, the janitor, has allowed two groups of teenagers to bowl against one another after hours.\n",
      "\n",
      "The \"prep\", Steve, is still bitter after his best friend Jamie, the \"jock\", had sex with Lisa, a girl with whom Steve was smitten and even took to their senior prom.\n",
      "\n",
      "After Steve and his friends Joey, Patrick, and A.J.\n",
      "\n",
      "harass the \"tranny\", Sam, they are chastised by Jamie.\n",
      "\n",
      "This leads to a brawl between Steve's team and Jamie's.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Fairy Fencer F\n",
      "\n",
      "An expanded version, titled \"Fairy Fencer F: Advent Dark Force\", was released in Japan in 2015 for the PlayStation 4, and will be released worldwide in 2016.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A long time ago there was a conflict between a goddess and an evil god.\n",
      "\n",
      "The two deities didn’t fight directly, but created a large number of special weapons for others to use.\n",
      "\n",
      "Eventually, these powers sealed each other and the power vanished from the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "Fast forward to modern times where these leftover weapons are called \"Furies\" and warriors that wield them are \"Fencers.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Fury weapons are said to be incredibly powerful, so Fencers constantly scramble to acquire them.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Armed Forces of Liberia\n",
      "\n",
      "The Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) are the armed forces of the Republic of Liberia.\n",
      "\n",
      "Tracing its origins to a militia that was formed by the first black colonists in what is now Liberia, it was founded as the Liberian Frontier Force in 1908, and retitled in 1956.\n",
      "\n",
      "For virtually all of its history, the AFL has received considerable materiel and training assistance from the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "For most of the 1941–89 period, training was largely provided by U.S. advisers, though this assistance has not prevented the same generally low levels of effectiveness common to most of the armed forces in the developing world.\n",
      "\n",
      "For most of the Cold War, the AFL saw little action, apart from a reinforced company group which was sent to ONUC in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1960s.\n",
      "\n",
      "This changed with the advent of the First Liberian Civil War in 1989.\n",
      "\n",
      "The AFL became entangled in the conflict, which lasted from 1989 to 1996–97, and then the Second Liberian Civil War, which lasted from 1999 to 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "War elephant\n",
      "\n",
      "A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat.\n",
      "\n",
      "The war elephant's main use was to charge the enemy, breaking their ranks and instilling terror.\n",
      "\n",
      "Elephantry are military units with elephant-mounted troops.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were first employed in India, the practice spreading out across south-east Asia and westwards into the Mediterranean.\n",
      "\n",
      "Their most famous use in the West was by the Greek King Pyrrhus of Epirus and in significant numbers by the armies of Carthage, including briefly by Hannibal.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the Mediterranean, improved tactics reduced the value of the elephant in battle, while their availability in the wild also decreased.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the east, where supplies of animals were greater and the terrain ideal, it was the advent of the cannon that finally concluded the use of the combat elephant at the end of the 19th century, thereafter restricting their use to engineering and labour roles.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Eastern Front (World War II)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Northern, Southern and Central and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.\n",
      "\n",
      "It has been known as the Great Patriotic War (, \"Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna\") in the former Soviet Union and in modern Russia, while in Germany it was called the Eastern Front (), the Eastern Campaign (\"der Ostfeldzug\") the Russian Campaign (\"der Rußlandfeldzug\"), or the German-Soviet War by outside parties.\n",
      "\n",
      "The battles on the Eastern Front constituted the largest military confrontation in history.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were characterized by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and massacres.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Eastern Front, as the site of nearly all extermination camps, death marches, ghettos, and the majority of pogroms, was central to the Holocaust.\n",
      "\n",
      "Of the estimated 70 million deaths attributed to World War II, over 30 million, many of them civilian, occurred on the Eastern Front.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome of the European portion of World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for Germany's defeat.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "St David's Anglican Church, Allora\n",
      "\n",
      "St Davids Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 1 Church Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1887 to 1901.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as St David's Church of England.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "St. David's Church, Allora, is a timber, Gothic Revival style church prominently located at the end of the main thoroughfare of the town.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was constructed in 1887-88 to the design of leading Queensland colonial architect F.D.G Stanley.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Shadow Man (2006 film)\n",
      "\n",
      "Shadow Man is a 2006 American thriller film directed by Michael Keusch, and also written and produced by Steven Seagal, who also starred in the film.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film co-stars Eva Pope, Imelda Staunton and Garrick Hagon.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on June 6, 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Widowed former CIA agent Jack Foster (The Shadow Man) is an enigmatic Fortune 500 business owner, and is the father of an 8-year-old daughter named Amanda.\n",
      "\n",
      "It's the anniversary of the death of Jack's wife, and Jack is taking Amanda to Romania, which is the birthplace of Amanda's mother, who died 5 years ago.\n",
      "\n",
      "But upon arrival at the airport in Bucharest, Romania, a car bomb blows up his CIA agent father-in-law George's limo, and Amanda is kidnapped.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Colonial Nigeria\n",
      "\n",
      "Colonial Nigeria was the the area of West Africa that became the modern day Nigeria, during the time of British rule in the 19th and 20th centuries.\n",
      "\n",
      "British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807.\n",
      "\n",
      "The resulting collapse of African slave trade led to the decline and eventual collapse of the indigenous Edo Empire.\n",
      "\n",
      "Britain annexed Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884.\n",
      "\n",
      "British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but Britain did not effectively occupy the area until 1885.\n",
      "\n",
      "Other European powers acknowledged Britain's power over the area in the 1885 Berlin Conference.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1886 to 1899, much of the country was ruled by Royal Niger Company, authorized by charter, and governed by George Taubman Goldie.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Something, Something, Something, Dark Side\" is a direct-to-video special of the animated series \"Family Guy\" which later served as the 20th episode of the show's eighth season and is part of the series' \"Star Wars\" parody trilogy \"\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It originally was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on December 22, 2009, and later aired on Fox in the United States on May 23, 2010.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode is a retelling and parody of the film \"The Empire Strikes Back\", recasting characters from \"Family Guy\" into roles from the film.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode was written by Kirker Butler and directed by Dominic Polcino.\n",
      "\n",
      "It received high praise from critics for its accurate depiction of the original film, as well as its inclusion of many cultural references.\n",
      "\n",
      "According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 6.13 million homes in its original airing.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode featured guest performances by Jon Benjamin, John Bunnell, James Caan, Jackson Douglas, Joe Flaherty, James Greene, Phil LaMarr, Kevin Michael Richardson, George Rogan and James Woods, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Head (American Horror Story)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Head\" is the ninth episode of the of the anthology television series \"American Horror Story\", which premiered on December 11, 2013, on the cable network FX.\n",
      "\n",
      "The episode was written by Tim Minear and directed by Howard Deutch.\n",
      "\n",
      "In this episode, Fiona (Jessica Lange) looks to form an alliance with Marie Laveau (Angela Bassett) while Cordelia (Sarah Paulson)'s attacker is revealed.\n",
      "\n",
      "Angela Bassett, Gabourey Sidibe and Patti LuPone guest star as Marie Laveau, Queenie and Joan Ramsey.\n",
      "\n",
      "This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Young Hank Foxx (Toby Nichols) is in the Chattahoochee National Forest with his father (Michael Cristofer), who is teaching him about hunting.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Calverton, Nottinghamshire\n",
      "\n",
      "Calverton is a Nottinghamshire parish, of some , about seven miles north-east of Nottingham, England, and situated, like nearby Woodborough and Lambley, on one of the small tributaries of the Dover Beck.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 2011 census found 7,076 inhabitants in 2,987 households.\n",
      "\n",
      "About two miles to the north of the village is the site of the supposed deserted settlement of Salterford.\n",
      "\n",
      "The parish is bounded on the south-east by Woodborough, to the south-west by Arnold, Papplewick and Ravenshead, to the north by Blidworth, and to the north-east by Oxton and Epperstone.\n",
      "\n",
      "During most of its existence Calverton was a forest village, in that part of Sherwood known as Thorney Wood Chase, with a rural economy limited by a lack of grazing land, in which handicrafts (like woodworking and the knitting of stockings), must in consequence have assumed a more than usual importance.\n",
      "\n",
      "The parliamentary enclosure of 1780 brought some agrarian progress to the village, but it was not until the opening of a colliery by the National Coal Board in 1952, that the village began to assume its present identity, with new housing estates and marked population growth.\n",
      "\n",
      "The colliery closed in 1999 and while a small industrial estate provides some local employment, Calverton has taken on the character of a large commuter village.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Adobe Creek (Santa Clara County, California)\n",
      "\n",
      "Adobe Creek is a northward-flowing stream originating on Black Mountain in Santa Clara County, California, United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "It courses through the cities of Los Altos Hills, Los Altos, and Palo Alto.\n",
      "\n",
      "Historically, Adobe Creek was perennial and hosted runs of steelhead trout entering from southwestern San Francisco Bay.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Ohlone people were the original inhabitants of Adobe Creek.\n",
      "\n",
      "A large shell mound which once had a group of Indian huts was found near Adobe Creek in Palo Alto.\n",
      "\n",
      "Evidence of a smaller settlement within Los Altos was uncovered in 1971, when an Ohlone burial ground with skeletons—one with ceremonial beads—was uncovered by new construction along Adobe Creek near O'Keefe Lane.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Geography of Libya\n",
      "\n",
      "Libya is fourth in size among the countries of Africa and seventeenth among the countries of the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is on the Mediterranean between Egypt and Tunisia, with Niger and Chad to the south and Sudan to the southeast.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although the oil discoveries of the 1960s have brought immense wealth, at the time of its independence it was an extremely poor desert state whose only important physical asset appeared to be its strategic location at the midpoint of Africa's northern rim.\n",
      "\n",
      "Libya lay within easy reach of the major European nations and linked the Arab countries of North Africa with those of the Middle East, facts that throughout history had made its urban centres bustling crossroads rather than isolated backwaters without external social influences.\n",
      "\n",
      "Consequently, an immense social gap developed between the cities, cosmopolitan and peopled largely by foreigners, and the desert hinterland, where tribal chieftains ruled in isolation and where social change was minimal.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Mediterranean coast and the Sahara Desert are the country's most prominent natural features.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of socialism\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of socialism has its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the French Revolution, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed 'scientific socialism'.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the last third of the 19th century in Europe social democratic parties arose in Europe drawing mainly from Marxism.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Australian Labor Party was the world's first elected socialist party when the party won the 1899 Queensland state election.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the first half of the twentieth century, the Soviet Union and the Communist parties of the Third International around the world mainly came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development, the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as the lack of democracy.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the UK Herbert Morrison said \"Socialism is what the Labour government does\", whereas Aneurin Bevan argued that socialism requires that the \"main streams of economic activity are brought under public direction\", with an economic plan and workers' democracy.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some argued that capitalism had been abolished.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia\n",
      "\n",
      "Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; ; 17 October 1853 – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was the younger sister of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last Emperor, Nicholas II.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1874, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; she was the first and only Romanov to marry into the British royal family.\n",
      "\n",
      "The couple had five children: a son, Alfred, and four daughters: Marie, Victoria Melita, Alexandra, and Beatrice.\n",
      "\n",
      "For the first years of her marriage, Maria Alexandrovna lived in England.\n",
      "\n",
      "She neither adapted to the British court nor overcame her dislike for her adopted country.\n",
      "\n",
      "She accompanied her husband on his postings as an Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta (1886 -1889) and Devonport (1890–1893).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "SS501\n",
      "\n",
      "SS501 is a South Korean boy band formed under the management of DSP Media, formerly known as Daesung Entertainment and DSP Entertainment.\n",
      "\n",
      "The group debuted on June 8, 2005 with five members: Kim Hyun-joong, Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong, Park Jung-min and Kim Hyung-jun, along with their debut mini-album entitled \"Warning\".\n",
      "\n",
      "They achieved their first number one song with \"Never Again\" (2005) and released their first studio album, \"S.T 01 Now\" in 2006.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2007, under the management of Pony Canyon, SS501 entered the Japanese-language market with their debut single \"Kokoro\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The single debuted at No.\n",
      "\n",
      "5 on the Oricon chart, and moved to No.\n",
      "\n",
      "3 the next day.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Deshastha Brahmin\n",
      "\n",
      "Deshastha Brahmins are a Hindu Brahmin subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and northern area of the state of Karnataka.\n",
      "\n",
      "The word \"Deshastha\" derives from the Sanskrit \"deśa\" (inland, country) and \"stha\" (resident), literally translating to \"residents of the country\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The valleys of the Krishna and the Godavari rivers, and a part of Deccan plateau adjacent to the Sahyadri hills, are collectively termed the \"Desha\" – the original home of the Deshastha Brahmins.\n",
      "\n",
      "Over the millennia, the community produced the eighth century Sanskrit scholar Bhavabhuti, the thirteenth century Varkari saint and philosopher Dnyaneshwar, and Samarth Ramdas.\n",
      "\n",
      "All of the Peshwas during Chhatrapati Shivaji's and Sambhaji's reign were Deshasthas.\n",
      "\n",
      "Brahmins constitute four percent of Maharashtra's population, and 60 percent of them are Deshastha Brahmins.\n",
      "\n",
      "The second largest Maharashtrian Brahmin community, the Konkanastha Brahmins, who historically lagged the Deshastha Brahmins socioeconomically and in Brahmin rituals achieved parity with them in the nepotistic era that followed the passing of the seat of the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire into Konkanastha hands in 1713.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Juan José Castelli\n",
      "\n",
      "Juan José Castelli (July 19, 1764 – October 12, 1812) was an Argentine lawyer.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was one of the leaders of the May Revolution, which started the Argentine War of Independence.\n",
      "\n",
      "He led an ill-fated military campaign in Upper Peru.\n",
      "\n",
      "Juan José Castelli was born in Buenos Aires, and went to school at the Real Colegio de San Carlos in Buenos Aires and Monserrat College in the city of Córdoba, Argentina.\n",
      "\n",
      "He graduated as a lawyer from the University of Charcas, in Upper Peru.\n",
      "\n",
      "His cousin, Manuel Belgrano, introduced him to the public administration of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata.\n",
      "\n",
      "Along with Belgrano, Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, and Hipólito Vieytes, Castelli planned a revolution to replace the absolute monarchy with the new ideas of the Age of Enlightenment.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Music (Madonna song)\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Music\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her eighth studio album of same name (2000).\n",
      "\n",
      "It was released as the lead single from the album on August 21, 2000 by Maverick Records.\n",
      "\n",
      "The song was also included on the compilation albums \"GHV2\" (2001) and \"Celebration\" (2009).\n",
      "\n",
      "Written and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, it lyrically states that music has the power to make people come together.\n",
      "\n",
      "Musically, \"Music\" is a dance-pop and electropop song which lyrically talks about how music can bring people together, as she delivers electronically manipulated vocals on the song.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Music\" received positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production, catchiness and club-friendly nature of the song, also comparing it with Madonna's previous releases.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Music\" peaked number one in 25 countries, including Australia, Canada, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, becoming Madonna's twelfth and latest number-one single in the region.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Talgai Homestead\n",
      "\n",
      "Talgai Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead at Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was designed by architect Richard George Suter for Queensland pastoralist and politician George Clark and was built in 1868.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as East Talgai Homestead to distinguish it from the West Talgai Homestead built by George's brother Charles Clark.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Talgai Homestead was built in 1868 for George Edwin Clark, then owner of that part of the old Talgai run which lies east of the present Toowoomba-Warwick rail line and was designed by prominent Queensland architect Richard George Suter.\n",
      "\n",
      "This substantial sandstone homestead was first known as \"East Talgai\" the second of three \"Talgais\" to be constructed on what was part of the original \"Talgai\" run taken up by Ernest Elphinstone Dalrymple in 1840.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Bajaga i Instruktori\n",
      "\n",
      "Bajaga i Instruktori (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајага и Инструктори; trans.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Bajaga and the Instructors\") are a highly popular Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band.\n",
      "\n",
      "Founded in Belgrade in 1984 by composer, lyricist and guitarist Momčilo Bajagić \"Bajaga\", the group possesses a rich discography and a plethora of hit songs that placed them at the top of the former Yugoslav rock scene, alongside other mega-selling bands such as Bijelo Dugme and Riblja Čorba.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The band's history begins in 1983.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the time Momčilo Bajagić \"Bajaga\" was the guitarist for the hard rock band Riblja Čorba.\n",
      "\n",
      "During his work with Riblja Čorba, Bajagić wrote music and both music and lyrics for several Riblja Čorba hits, but also wrote a large number of humorous pop-oriented songs that did not fit into Riblja Čorba's sound.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Werner Drewes\n",
      "\n",
      "Werner Drewes (1899–1985) was a painter, printmaker, and art teacher.\n",
      "\n",
      "Considered to be one of the founding fathers of American abstraction, he was one of the first artists to introduce concepts of the Bauhaus school within the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "His mature style encompassed both nonobjective and figurative work and the emotional content of this work was consistently more expressive than formal.\n",
      "\n",
      "Drewes was as highly regarded for his printmaking as for his painting.\n",
      "\n",
      "In his role as teacher as well as artist he was largely responsible for bringing the Bauhaus aesthetic to America.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Drewes was born in 1899 to Georg Drewes, a Lutheran pastor, and Martha Schaefer Drewes.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "York Bowen\n",
      "\n",
      "Edwin York Bowen (22 February 1884 – 23 November 1961) was an English composer and pianist.\n",
      "\n",
      "Bowen’s musical career spanned more than fifty years during which time he wrote over 160 works.\n",
      "\n",
      "As well as being a pianist and composer, Bowen was a talented conductor, organist, violist and horn player.\n",
      "\n",
      "Despite achieving considerable success during his lifetime, many of the composer’s works remained unpublished and unperformed until after his death in 1961.\n",
      "\n",
      "Bowen’s compositional style is widely considered as ‘Romantic’ and his works are often characterized by their rich harmonic language.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was one of the most notable English composers of piano music of his time.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Syria\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Syria covers the developments in the region of Syria (Greek Συρία) and modern Syrian Arab Republic.\n",
      "\n",
      "Syria most likely derives from the name of the Neo-Assyrian Empire established in the 10th century BC.\n",
      "\n",
      "Modern Syria became independent in 1946 following a period of French occupation (1917–20) and Mandate (1920-1946).\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1958, the Republic of Syria became briefly part of the United Arab Republic but in 1961 withdrew from the federation.\n",
      "\n",
      "From 1963, the Syrian Arab Republic has been ruled by the Ba'ath with the Assad family exclusively from 1970.\n",
      "\n",
      "Currently Syria is fractured between rival forces on the course of the Syrian Civil War.\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of the region may be divided into periods as follows,\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Guaymas\n",
      "\n",
      "Guaymas () is a city located in Guaymas Municipality in the southwest part of the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico.\n",
      "\n",
      "The city is located 117 km south of the state capital of Hermosillo, and 242 miles from the U.S. border, and is the principal port for the state.\n",
      "\n",
      "The municipality is located in the Sonora Desert and has a hot, dry climate and 117 km of beaches.\n",
      "\n",
      "The municipality’s formal name is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city’s formal name is the Heróica Ciudad de Guaymas.\n",
      "\n",
      "The city proper is mostly an industrial port, with nearby San Carlos being the major tourist attraction for its beaches.\n",
      "\n",
      "The city also has a well-attended annual carnival, which has been held since 1888.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Compars Herrmann\n",
      "\n",
      "Carl (Compars) Herrmann (1816–1887) was a German illusionist.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Herrmann family name is known as the \"first-family of magic\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Alexander's father Samuel, a practicing German physician, was the first to enjoy magic as a hobby.\n",
      "\n",
      "Samuel's first son Carl (Compars), was born in 1816 and left medical school at an early age to pursue a career as a magician.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was the first in the family to gain fame as a conjurer.\n",
      "\n",
      "By the age of thirty, Carl was recognized as one of Europe's most accomplished magician.\n",
      "\n",
      "Alexander Herrmann, who was 27 years younger than his brother Carl, also became a world-famous magician.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Christopher Wren\n",
      "\n",
      "Sir Christopher Wren PRS (; – ) is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was accorded responsibility for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including what is regarded as his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710.\n",
      "\n",
      "The principal creative responsibility for a number of the churches is now more commonly attributed to others in his office, especially Nicholas Hawksmoor.\n",
      "\n",
      "Other notable buildings by Wren include the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, and the south front of Hampton Court Palace.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Wren Building, the main building at the College of William and Mary, Virginia, is attributed to Wren.\n",
      "\n",
      "Educated in Latin and Aristotelian physics at the University of Oxford, Wren was a notable anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as an architect.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680–82), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Philadelphia\n",
      "\n",
      "The written history of Philadelphia begins on October 27, 1682, when the city was founded by William Penn in the English Crown Province of Pennsylvania between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1681, King Charles II gave Penn a large piece of his newly acquired American land holdings to repay a debt the king owed to Admiral Sir William Penn, Penn's father.\n",
      "\n",
      "This land included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware, though the claim as written would create a bloody conflict with Maryland (dubbed Cresap's War) over the land grant already owned by Lord Baltimore.\n",
      "\n",
      "Penn put together a colonial expedition and fleet, which set out for America in the middle of the following summer.\n",
      "\n",
      "Penn, sailing in the vanguard, first set foot on American soil at the colony at New Castle, Delaware.\n",
      "\n",
      "An orderly change of government ensued, as was normal in an age used to the privileges and prerogatives of aristocracy and which antedated nationalism: the colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new Proprietor.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Stonefish Rebecchi\n",
      "\n",
      "Kevin \"Stonefish\" Rebecchi is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Anthony Engelman.\n",
      "\n",
      "He made his first appearance on 31 March 1994.\n",
      "\n",
      "Stonefish was the first of the Rebecchi family to appear and he was later followed by his mother, father and brothers.\n",
      "\n",
      "The character left in 1996, but returned briefly in 2003.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2007, Engelman reprised his character again and Stonefish returned to Ramsay Street.\n",
      "\n",
      "He departed on 28 August 2007.\n",
      "\n",
      "Stonefish returned for two episodes from 9 September 2015, and one episode on 4 May 2016.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Allora Cemetery\n",
      "\n",
      "Allora Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery on Allora-Clifton Road, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was established in 1864.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 April 2001.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Allora Cemetery on the Allora-Clifton Road is north west of Allora.\n",
      "\n",
      "While the cemetery was established in 1864, the oldest headstone dates from 1867.\n",
      "\n",
      "It has always been organised with denominational sections and includes monuments and memorials pertaining to those who lived in Allora and the surrounding district, including the William Mitchner Shelter-shed.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Anti-nuclear movement in Germany\n",
      "\n",
      "The anti-nuclear movement in Germany has a long history dating back to the early 1970s when large demonstrations prevented the construction of a nuclear plant at Wyhl.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Wyhl protests were an example of a local community challenging the nuclear industry through a strategy of direct action and civil disobedience.\n",
      "\n",
      "Police were accused of using unnecessarily violent means.\n",
      "\n",
      "Anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired nuclear opposition throughout Germany, in other parts of Europe, and in North America.\n",
      "\n",
      "A few years later protests raised against the NATO Double-Track Decision in Germany and were followed by the foundation of the Green party.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1986, large parts of Germany were covered with radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster and Germans went to great lengths to deal with the contamination.\n",
      "\n",
      "Germany's anti-nuclear stance was strengthened.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Imaginary Invalid\n",
      "\n",
      "The Imaginary Invalid ( ) is a three-act \"comédie-ballet\" by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier.\n",
      "\n",
      "It premiered on 10 February 1673 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris and was originally choreographed by Pierre Beauchamp.\n",
      "\n",
      "The play is also known as \"The Hypochondriac\", an alternative translation of the French title.\n",
      "\n",
      "Molière had fallen out with the powerful court composer Jean-Baptiste Lully, with whom he had pioneered the \"comédie-ballet\" form a decade earlier, and had opted for the collaboration with Charpentier.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Le malade imaginaire\" would turn out to be Molière's last work.\n",
      "\n",
      "He collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "El Cantante\n",
      "\n",
      "El Cantante is a 2006 biographical film which stars singers Marc Anthony and Jennifer Lopez.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film is based on the life of the late salsa singer Héctor Lavoe, who is portrayed by Anthony.\n",
      "\n",
      "The film is told from the viewpoint of Puchi, Hector's wife, portrayed by Lopez.\n",
      "\n",
      "Initially debuting at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2006, \"El cantante\" was released on August 3, 2007.\n",
      "\n",
      "Distributed by Picturehouse, the film runs for 106 minutes and is rated R for language, sexuality and drug use.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Puchi (Jennifer Lopez) talks about her late husband, salsa legend Héctor Lavoe \"El Cantante De Los Cantantes\" (\"The singer of all the singers\") (Marc Anthony), during a 2002 interview.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A Supplement to the Journey to the West\n",
      "\n",
      "A Supplement to the Journey to the West () is a Chinese \"shenmo\" novel written around 1640 CE by Dong Yue ().\n",
      "\n",
      "It acts as an addendum to the famous \"Journey to the West\" and takes place between the end of chapter sixty-one and the beginning of chapter sixty-two.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the story, the Monkey King is trapped in a dream world by the Qing Fish demon, an embodiment of desire, who wishes to eat his master, the Tang Priest Xuanzang.\n",
      "\n",
      "He wanders from one adventure to the next, using a magic tower of mirrors and a jade doorway to travel to different points in time.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the Qin Dynasty, he disguises himself as Consort Yu in order locate a magic weapon needed for his quest to India.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the Song Dynasty, he serves in place of King Yama as the judge of Hell.\n",
      "\n",
      "After returning to the Tang Dynasty, he finds that Xuanzang has taken a wife and become a general charged with wiping out desire.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Charlie Pace\n",
      "\n",
      "Charlie Pace is a fictional character on ABC's \"Lost\", a television series chronicling the lives of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island.\n",
      "\n",
      "Played by Dominic Monaghan, Charlie was a regular character in the first three seasons, and continued to make occasional appearances until the final season.\n",
      "\n",
      "Charlie is introduced as one of the main characters in the pilot episode.\n",
      "\n",
      "Flashbacks from the series show that prior to the plane crash, Charlie was a member of a rock band named Drive Shaft.\n",
      "\n",
      "Initially, Charlie battles with an addiction to heroin.\n",
      "\n",
      "He ultimately achieves sobriety, while establishing a romantic relationship with Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin), and acting as a father figure to Claire's son Aaron.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition, Charlie also develops close friendships with Hugo \"Hurley\" Reyes (Jorge Garcia), and Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Canada Lee\n",
      "\n",
      "Canada Lee (born Leonard Lionel Cornelius Canegata, March 3, 1907 – May 9, 1952) was an American actor who pioneered roles for African Americans.\n",
      "\n",
      "After careers as a jockey, boxer and musician, he became an actor in the Federal Theatre Project and stage productions by Orson Welles, most notably the Mercury Theatre's \"Native Son\" (1941).\n",
      "\n",
      "A champion of civil rights in the 1930s and 1940s, he was blacklisted and died shortly before he was scheduled to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lee furthered the African-American tradition in theatre pioneered by such actors as Paul Robeson.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lee was the father of actor Carl Lee.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Canada Lee was born Leonard Lionel Cornelius Canegata on March 3, 1907, in the San Juan Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Typhoon Longwang\n",
      "\n",
      "Typhoon Longwang, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maring, was the deadliest tropical cyclone to impact China during the 2005 Pacific typhoon season.\n",
      "\n",
      "Longwang was first identified as a tropical depression on September 25 north of the Mariana Islands.\n",
      "\n",
      "Moving along a general westward track, the system quickly intensified and reached typhoon status on September 27.\n",
      "\n",
      "After reaching Category 4-equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, adverse atmospheric conditions along with internal structural changes resulted in temporary weakening.\n",
      "\n",
      "The structural change culminated in Longwang becoming an annular typhoon and prompted re-intensification.\n",
      "\n",
      "The storm attained peak strength with winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg) on October 1 as it approached Taiwan.\n",
      "\n",
      "Interaction with the mountainous terrain of the island and further structural changes caused some weakening before the typhoon made landfall near Hualien City early on October 2.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "German cruiser Admiral Scheer\n",
      "\n",
      "Admiral Scheer was a \"Deutschland\"-class heavy cruiser (often termed a pocket battleship) which served with the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.\n",
      "\n",
      "The vessel was named after Admiral Reinhard Scheer, German commander in the Battle of Jutland.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was laid down at the \"Reichsmarinewerft\" shipyard in Wilhelmshaven in June 1931 and completed by November 1934.\n",
      "\n",
      "Originally classified as an armored ship (\"Panzerschiff\") by the Reichsmarine, in February 1940 the Germans reclassified the remaining two ships of this class as heavy cruisers.\n",
      "\n",
      "The ship was nominally under the limitation on warship size imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, though with a full load displacement of , she significantly exceeded it.\n",
      "\n",
      "Armed with six guns in two triple gun turrets, \"Admiral Scheer\" and her sisters were designed to outgun any cruiser fast enough to catch them.\n",
      "\n",
      "Their top speed of left only a handful of ships in the Anglo-French navies able to catch them and powerful enough to sink them.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "1945–60 in Western fashion\n",
      "\n",
      "Fashion in the years following World War II is characterized by the resurgence of haute couture after the austerity of the war years.\n",
      "\n",
      "Square shoulders and short skirts were replaced by the soft femininity of Christian Dior's \"New Look\" silhouette, with its sweeping longer skirts, fitted waist, and rounded shoulders, which in turn gave way to an unfitted, structural look in the later 1950s.\n",
      "\n",
      "Innovations in textile technology following the war resulted in new fabrics such as spandex, volleyball shorts and easy-care fabric finishes that fitted the suburban lifestyle of the 1950s with its emphasis on casual sportswear for both men and women.\n",
      "\n",
      "For the first time, teenagers became a force in fashion.\n",
      "\n",
      "By 1947, the Paris fashion houses had reopened, and once again Paris resumed its position as the arbiter of high fashion.\n",
      "\n",
      "The \"orderly, rhythmic evolution of fashion change\" had been disrupted by the war, and a new direction was long overdue.\n",
      "\n",
      "The padded shoulder, tubular, boxy line, and short skirt (that had been around since before the war and was identified with uniforms) was gone.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Death of Joan Robinson Hill\n",
      "\n",
      "The death of Joan Robinson Hill at 38 years old led to her husband, John Hill, becoming the first person to be indicted by the State of Texas on the charge of murder by omission.\n",
      "\n",
      "The case precipitated a series of events that included the 1972 murder of John Hill and, two years later, the fatal police shooting of the man accused of that murder.\n",
      "\n",
      "She died following a short illness on March 19, 1969.\n",
      "\n",
      "Autopsy examinations failed to determine a cause of death beyond an infection from an unknown source.\n",
      "\n",
      "Her father, Ash Robinson, subsequently accused Hill of poisoning his daughter, and petitioned the district attorney to prosecute her husband for murder.\n",
      "\n",
      "Hill's murder trial was held in February 1971 but ended in a mistrial.\n",
      "\n",
      "As a second trial was approaching, Hill was gunned down by an intruder at his home.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of Lithuania\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded many thousands of years ago, but the first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD.\n",
      "\n",
      "Lithuanians, one of the Baltic peoples, later conquered neighboring lands and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th century (and also a short-lived Kingdom of Lithuania).\n",
      "\n",
      "The Grand Duchy was a successful and lasting warrior state.\n",
      "\n",
      "It remained fiercely independent and was one of the last areas of Europe to adopt Christianity (beginning in the 14th century).\n",
      "\n",
      "A formidable power, it became the largest state in Europe in the 15th century through the conquest of large groups of East Slavs who resided in Ruthenia.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1385, the Grand Duchy formed a dynastic union with Poland through the Union of Krewo.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later, the Union of Lublin (1569) created the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that lasted until 1795, when the last of the Partitions of Poland erased both Lithuania and Poland from the political map.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament\n",
      "\n",
      "The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is an organisation that advocates unilateral nuclear disarmament by the United Kingdom, international nuclear disarmament and tighter international arms regulation through agreements such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.\n",
      "\n",
      "It opposes military action that may result in the use of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and the building of nuclear power stations in the UK.\n",
      "\n",
      "CND was formed in 1957 and since that time has periodically been at the forefront of the peace movement in the UK.\n",
      "\n",
      "It claims to be Europe's largest single-issue peace campaign.\n",
      "\n",
      "Between 1959 and 1965 it organised the Aldermaston March, which was held over the Easter weekend from the Atomic Weapons Establishment near Aldermaston to Trafalgar Square, London.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "CND's current strategic objectives are:\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Eleanor McEvoy\n",
      "\n",
      "Eleanor McEvoy (born 22 January 1967) is one of Ireland's most accomplished contemporary singer/songwriters.\n",
      "\n",
      "McEvoy composed the song \"Only A Woman's Heart\", title track of \"A Woman's Heart\", the best-selling Irish album in Irish history.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "McEvoy's life as a musician began at the age of four when she began playing piano.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the age of eight she took up violin.\n",
      "\n",
      "Upon finishing school she attended Trinity College, Dublin where she studied music by day and worked in pit orchestras and music clubs by night.\n",
      "\n",
      "McEvoy graduated from Trinity with an Honors Degree in music, and spent four months busking in New York City.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Lamiaceae\n",
      "\n",
      "The Lamiaceae ( or )\n",
      "\n",
      "or Labiatae (the mint or deadnettle family) are a family of flowering plants.\n",
      "\n",
      "The plants are frequently aromatic in all parts and include many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines.\n",
      "\n",
      "Many members of the family are widely cultivated, owing not only to their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation: these plants are among the easiest plants to propagate by stem cuttings.\n",
      "\n",
      "Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage, such as coleus.\n",
      "\n",
      "Others are grown for seed, such as \"Salvia hispanica\" (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as \"Plectranthus edulis\", \"Plectranthus esculentus\", \"Plectranthus rotundifolius\", and \"Stachys affinis\" (Chinese artichoke).\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Battle of Zabadani (2015)\n",
      "\n",
      "The Battle of Zabadani (2015) started in early July 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, as a military offensive launched by the Syrian Army, and Hezbollah to capture the rebel-held town of Al-Zabadani.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Prior attempts at negotiating a peaceful outcome between the government and the rebels in Zabadani failed.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "On July 3, 2015 Hezbollah and the Syrian Army launched an offensive against Zabadani and reportedly seized Qalaat Al-Tal hill.\n",
      "\n",
      "The following day, they broke into Zabadani and reportedly captured the southwestern part of the city, specifically the Jamiyat neighborhood.\n",
      "\n",
      "News reports indicated that many civilians fled the city.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Iravan\n",
      "\n",
      "Iravan (, ), also known as Iravat (, ) and Iravant, is a minor character from the Hindu epic of Mahabharata.\n",
      "\n",
      "The son of Pandava prince Arjuna (one of the main heroes of the Mahabharata) and the Naga princess Ulupi, Iravan is the central deity of the cult of Kuttantavar () —which is also the name commonly given to him in that cult—and plays a major role in the cult of Draupadi.\n",
      "\n",
      "Both these cults are of South Indian origin, from a region of the country where he is worshipped as a village deity and is known as Aravan (, Aravāṇ).\n",
      "\n",
      "He is also a patron god of well-known transgender communities called \"Ali\" (also \"Aravani\" in South India, and \"Hijra\" throughout South Asia).\n",
      "\n",
      "The Mahabharata portrays Iravan as dying a heroic death in the 18-day Kurukshetra War (Mahabharata war), the epic's main subject.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, the South Indian cults have a supplementary tradition of honouring Aravan's self-sacrifice to the goddess Kali to ensure her favour and the victory of the Pandavas in the war.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Kuttantavar cult focuses on one of the three boons granted to Aravan by the god Krishna in honour of this self-sacrifice.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "A Secular Age\n",
      "\n",
      "A Secular Age is a book written by the philosopher Charles Taylor which was published in 2007 by Harvard University Press.\n",
      "\n",
      "The noted sociologist Robert Bellah has referred to \"A Secular Age\" as \"one of the most important books to be written in my lifetime.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "In recent years, secularism has become an important topic in the humanities and social sciences.\n",
      "\n",
      "Although there continue to be important disagreements among scholars, many begin with the premise that secularism is not simply the absence of religion, but rather an intellectual and political category that itself needs to be understood as an historical construction.\n",
      "\n",
      "In this book, Taylor looks at the change in Western society from a state in which it is almost impossible \"not\" to believe in God, to one in which believing in God is simply one option of many.\n",
      "\n",
      "He argues against the view that secularity in society is caused by the rise of science and reason.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Million Dollar Quartet\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Million Dollar Quartet\" is a recording of an impromptu jam session involving Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash made on December 4, 1956, at the Sun Record Studios in Memphis, Tennessee.\n",
      "\n",
      "An article about the session was published in the \"Memphis Press-Scimitar\" under the title \"Million Dollar Quartet\".\n",
      "\n",
      "The recording was first released in Europe in 1981 as \"The Million Dollar Quartet\" with 17 tracks.\n",
      "\n",
      "A few years later more tracks were discovered and released as \"The Complete Million Dollar Session\".\n",
      "\n",
      "In 1990, the recordings were released in the United States as \"Elvis Presley - The Million Dollar Quartet\".\n",
      "\n",
      "This session is considered a seminal moment in rock and roll history.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Adoniram Judson\n",
      "\n",
      "Adoniram Judson, Jr. (August 9, 1788 – April 12, 1850) was an American Congregationalist and later Baptist missionary, who served in Burma for almost forty years.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the age of 25, Adoniram Judson became the first Protestant missionary sent from North America to preach in Burma.\n",
      "\n",
      "His mission and work with Luther Rice led to the formation of the first Baptist association in America to support missionaries.\n",
      "\n",
      "At times mistakenly referred to as the first missionary to Burma, he was in fact preceded by James Chater and Richard Mardon (who both arrived in 1807) as well as by Felix Carey.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, since those predecessors did not remain long, and Judson also translated the Bible into Burmese, as well as established a number of Baptist churches in Burma, Judson is remembered as the first significant missionary in Burma, as well as one of the very first missionaries from America to travel overseas.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Judson was born on August 9, 1788 in Malden, Middlesex County, Massachusetts.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Shannon Rutherford\n",
      "\n",
      "Shannon Rutherford was a fictional character played by Maggie Grace on the ABC drama television series \"Lost\", which chronicled the lives of the survivors of a plane crash in the South Pacific.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shannon was introduced in the pilot episode as the stepsister of fellow crash survivor Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder).\n",
      "\n",
      "She was a series regular until her funeral in \"What Kate Did\".\n",
      "\n",
      "For most of her time on the Island, she was unhelpful and spent much of her time sunbathing.\n",
      "\n",
      "She formed a relationship with another survivor from the plane crash, Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews).\n",
      "\n",
      "Shannon was accidentally shot by Ana Lucia Cortez who mistakes her for an Other.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the casting process, she was compared to Paris Hilton.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Palestine–Israel Journal\n",
      "\n",
      "The Palestine–Israel Journal is an independent, non-profit, Jerusalem-based quarterly that aims to shed light on and analyze freely and critically, the complex issues dividing Israelis and Palestinians.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2006 it was a candidate for the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence and was recognized with a mention of honor for \"its outstanding contribution to this great cause\".\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2012, co-editors Hillel Schenker and Ziad AbuZayyad were awarded the \"Outstanding Contribution to Peace Award\" at the eighth International Media Awards held on May 5th.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Half of every issue is devoted to exploring a major theme on the joint Israeli-Palestinian agenda, while the other half contains regular departments relating to Culture, Economics, Viewpoints, Book Reviews, Documents and a Chronology of Events.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Journal’s goal is to promote rapprochement and better understanding between Palestinian and Israeli people, and striving to discuss all issues without prejudice or taboos.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Journal is a unique joint venture promoting dialogue and the quest for a peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Smeezingtons\n",
      "\n",
      "The Smeezingtons are a songwriting and record producing team, consisting of Bruno Mars (born October 8, 1985), Philip Lawrence (born July 17, 1980) and Ari Levine (born May 4, 1984).\n",
      "\n",
      "The Smeezingtons were established in Los Angeles, California.\n",
      "\n",
      "Their production and writing services have been increasingly in demand since 2009.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Smeezingtons broke into the American recording industry in 2010, crafting songs for a diverse roster of talent, with the release of the Billboard Hot 100 No.\n",
      "\n",
      "1 single, \"Nothin' On You\", produced and co-written by the team and performed by rapper B.o.B and singer Bruno Mars.\n",
      "\n",
      "They also produced and co-wrote with singer Cee-Lo Green his single \"Fuck You\", which topped the UK singles chart and peaked at No.2 in the American Billboard Hot 100.\n",
      "\n",
      "Throughout their career they have been noted for their extensive work with Bruno Mars (one of the elements), writing and producing two consecutive Billboard Hot 100 No.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Walter Travis\n",
      "\n",
      "Walter J. Travis (January 10, 1862 – July 31, 1927) was an American amateur golfer in the during the early 1900s.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was also a noted golf journalist and publisher, an innovator in all aspects of golf, a teacher, and golf course architect.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Travis was born in Maldon, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "He arrived in New York City in 1886 as a 23-year-old representative of the Australian-based McLean Brothers and Rigg exporters of hardware and construction products.\n",
      "\n",
      "Travis married Anne Bent of Middleton, Connecticut, on January 9, 1890, and later that year, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shortly after their wedding, Travis and his wife moved into their new home in Flushing, New York, where they would live until their move to Garden City, on Long Island, in 1900.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "108th Field Artillery Regiment\n",
      "\n",
      "The 1st Battalion, 108th Field Artillery Regiment, 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, is the only direct support field artillery battalion in the only National Guard Stryker Brigade in the United States Army.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The 1-108th Field Artillery's mission in support of the 56th SBCT is to provide accurate and responsive fires including close and counterfire to the maneuver units of the SBCT.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The 108th Field Artillery was formed on December 11, 1840, at a time when many militia units were forming across the country.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was established as an infantry company in the 1st Volunteer Infantry Regiment by CPT Thomas Tustin, and was called The National Guards after the Marquis de Lafayette's unit Les Guardes de Nationale, one of several in the state to use this name.\n",
      "\n",
      "It recruited for the Mexican War and volunteered for service but it was not needed since Pennsylvania had already supplied its required quota of troops.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Mandrill\n",
      "\n",
      "The mandrill (\"Mandrillus sphinx\") is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecidae) family.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is one of two species assigned to the genus \"Mandrillus,\" along with the drill.\n",
      "\n",
      "Both the mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in the genus \"Papio\", but they now have their own genus, \"Mandrillus\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Although they look superficially like baboons, they are more closely related to \"Cerocebus\" mangabeys.\n",
      "\n",
      "Mandrills are found in southern Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Congo.\n",
      "\n",
      "Mandrills mostly live in tropical rainforests.\n",
      "\n",
      "They live in very large groups.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The New Adventures of Black Beauty\n",
      "\n",
      "The New Adventures of Black Beauty was a television drama series produced in the early 1990s.\n",
      "\n",
      "The show was produced first in New Zealand, then in Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "The two different productions had different characters and plotlines, un-related except through the horse, Black Beauty.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first season of the show was produced 1990-1991 by Isambard (Black Beauty) Productions Ltd in association with The Fremantle Corporation, and Beta Taurus produced the series primarily in New Zealand as a continuation of the 1972-1974 television drama series, \"The Adventures of Black Beauty\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Set 20 years after the events of the earlier series, it featured two of the original characters, Dr James Gordon (played by William Lucas) and Jenny Gordon Denning (played by Stacy Dorning).\n",
      "\n",
      "The series was originally aired on ITV in the United Kingdom, and Isambard Productions Ltd produced 26 episodes in total.\n",
      "\n",
      "This production was subsequently aired in the US, where it was split into two seasons, aired in a different order, and with two episodes (\"Horsepower\" and \"Horse Sense\") possibly omitted in some markets.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Yangan School of Arts\n",
      "\n",
      "Yangan School of Arts is a heritage-listed school of arts at King Street, Yangan, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built in 1912.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Formed in 1897, the Yangan School of Arts erected their second building in 1912 on land acquired from the Railways Department on the southern side of King Street, Yangan.\n",
      "\n",
      "At that time Yangan was one of a number of small but prosperous Darling Downs towns.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Yangan and Swanfels area (then named Loganvale) was explored by Allan Cunningham in 1827.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Social and economic stratification in Appalachia\n",
      "\n",
      "The Appalachian region of the Eastern United States is home to over 25 million people and covers parts of mostly mountainous areas of 13 states, including Mississippi, Alabama, Pennsylvania, New York, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Maryland, and the entire state of West Virginia.\n",
      "\n",
      "The near-isolation of the area's rugged topography is home to communities with a distinct culture, who in many cases are put at a disadvantage because of the transportation and infrastructure problems that have developed.\n",
      "\n",
      "Appalachia is often divided into three regions—southern (portions of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia), central (portions of Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Virginia, and Tennessee), and northern (parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia) Appalachia.\n",
      "\n",
      "Though all areas of Appalachia share problems of rural poverty, inadequate jobs, services, transportation, education, and infrastructure, some elements (particularly those relating to industry and natural resource extraction) are unique to each sub-region.\n",
      "\n",
      "For example, Appalachians in the central sub-region experience the deepest poverty, partially due to the area’s isolation from urban growth centers.\n",
      "\n",
      "Appalachia is particularly interesting in the context of social and economic divisions within and between the region’s socioeconomic communities.\n",
      "\n",
      "In addition, outsiders’ often incorrect and over-generalized external perspectives, and their relationship to culture and folklore of this near-isolated area, are important to the region’s future development.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Natural areas of England\n",
      "\n",
      "The natural areas of England are regions, each with a characteristic association of wildlife and natural features.\n",
      "\n",
      "More formally, they are defined as \"biogeographic zones which reflect the geological foundation, the natural systems and processes and the wildlife in different parts of England...\".\n",
      "\n",
      "There are 120 natural areas in England ranging from the North Pennines to the Dorset Heaths and from The Lizard to The Fens.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were first defined in 1996 by English Nature and the Countryside Commission, with help from English Heritage.\n",
      "\n",
      "They produced a map of England that depicts the natural and cultural dimensions of the landscape.\n",
      "\n",
      "Natural areas are assessed by Natural England, the UK Government's advisor on the natural environment, to be \"a sensible scale at which to view the wildlife resource, from both a national and local perspective\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Natural Areas were also used by English Nature as an \"ecologically coherent framework for setting objectives for nature conservation.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "History of General Hospital\n",
      "\n",
      "History of General Hospital refers to the ABC Daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\".\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "\"General Hospital\" was created by Frank and Doris Hursley and premiered on April 1, 1963.\n",
      "\n",
      "The first stories were mainly set on the seventh floor of General Hospital, in an unnamed midsized Eastern city (the name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until the late 1970s).\n",
      "\n",
      "\"They had this concept of the show that it was like a big wagon wheel – the spokes would be the characters and the hub would be the hospital,\" John Beradino (Steve Hardy) later reflected to \"Entertainment Weekly\" in 1994.\n",
      "\n",
      "Storylines revolved around Dr. Steve Hardy and his friend, Nurse Jessie Brewer (Emily McLaughlin).\n",
      "\n",
      "Steve was Chief of Internal Medicine and extremely dedicated to his work.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Emilia Lanier\n",
      "\n",
      "Emilia Lanier (1569–1645), also spelled Lanyer, was the first Englishwoman to assert herself as a professional poet through her single volume of poems, \"Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum\" (1611).\n",
      "\n",
      "Born Aemilia Bassano and part of the Lanier family, she was a member of the minor gentry through her father's appointment as a royal musician, and was apparently educated in the household by Susan Bertie, Countess of Kent.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was for several years the mistress of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, first cousin of Elizabeth I of England.\n",
      "\n",
      "She was married to her first cousin, court musician Alfonso Lanier, in 1592 when she became pregnant by Hunsdon, and the marriage was reportedly unhappy.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Emilia Lanier's life is well documented for the period through her letters, her poetry, her medical records, her legal records and through sources about the social contexts she inhabited.\n",
      "\n",
      "Researchers have used entries in astrologer Dr. Simon Forman's (1552–1611) professional diary, which is the first casebook kept by an English medical practitioner, which logs interactions with Lanier.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Women's World Chess Championship 2016\n",
      "\n",
      "The Women's World Chess Championship 2016 was a chess match played between Mariya Muzychuk, the defending champion, and the challenger Hou Yifan to determine the FIDE Women's World Champion.\n",
      "\n",
      "The scheduled 10-game match was held from 1 to 14 March 2016 in Lviv, Ukraine.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was originally scheduled from 11 to 31 October 2015, but was delayed because no host could be found.\n",
      "\n",
      "On March 14, Hou won the championship by defeating Muzychuk in Game 9, ending the match.\n",
      "\n",
      "As in her two previous championship matches, Hou Yifan won convincingly, not losing a single game.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The 2015 World Championship was a 64-player knockout tournament in Sochi, Russia, starting on 15 March.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Yangan Masonic Hall\n",
      "\n",
      "Yangan Masonic Hall is a heritage-listed masonic hall at 36 King Street, Yangan, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "It was built from 1898 to 1957.\n",
      "\n",
      "It is also known as Yangan Masonic Temple and was formerly the Yangan School of Arts (not to be confused with present Yangan School of Arts).\n",
      "\n",
      "It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "The Yangan Masonic Hall was acquired by the Yangan Lodge as their meeting place in 1912.\n",
      "\n",
      "Erected c.1898 it was built as Yangan's first School of Arts when the town was developing as one of the Darling Downs' small but prosperous towns.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Big Brother 9 (U.S.)\n",
      "\n",
      "Big Brother 9, also known as Big Brother: 'Til Death Do You Part, was the ninth season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".\n",
      "\n",
      "It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Big Brother 9\" is the first and only season of the series to air in the Winter time period, due to a writer's strike.\n",
      "\n",
      "The series premiered on CBS on February 12, 2008 and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on April 27, 2008.\n",
      "\n",
      "The ninth season saw a decrease in ratings when compared to past editions of the series.\n",
      "\n",
      "The season premiered to a total of 7.33 million viewers, the lowest premiere numbers for any season at the time.\n",
      "\n",
      "The season finale had a total of 6.55 million viewers, making it the lowest rated finale at the time.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "N. Crevedia\n",
      "\n",
      "N. Crevedia (born Niculae Ion Cârstea; December 7, 1902 – November 5, 1978) was a Romanian journalist, poet and novelist, father of the writer-politician Eugen Barbu.\n",
      "\n",
      "Of Muntenian peasant roots, which shaped his commitment to agrarian and then far-right politics, as well as his dialectal poetry and humorous prose, he preferred bohemian life to an academic career.\n",
      "\n",
      "As a writer at \"Gândirea\", Crevedia became a follower of Nichifor Crainic, and worked with him on various other press venues, from \"Calendarul\" to \"Sfarmă-Piatră\".\n",
      "\n",
      "Turning to fascism, he sympathized with the Iron Guard, and, in the late 1930s, contributed to the press campaigns vilifying ideological enemies, while also putting out novels, reportage pieces, and anthologies.\n",
      "\n",
      "His affair with the Iron Guard muse Marta Rădulescu was at the center of a literary scandal, and was fictionalized by Crevedia in one of his novels.\n",
      "\n",
      "Fluent in Bulgarian, Crevedia became press attaché in the Kingdom of Bulgaria under the National Legionary State, serving to 1946.\n",
      "\n",
      "He was sidelined by the Romanian communist regime in the late 1940s and early '50s, when he was employed as a minor clerk.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "L. Ron Hubbard\n",
      "\n",
      "Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard (, ) and often referred to by his initials, LRH, was an American author and the founder of the Church of Scientology.\n",
      "\n",
      "In 2014, Hubbard was cited by the Smithsonian magazine as one of the 100 most significant Americans of all time, as one of the eleven religious figures on that list.\n",
      "\n",
      "After establishing a career as a writer, becoming best known for his science fiction and fantasy stories, he developed a system called Dianetics which was first expounded in book form in May 1950.\n",
      "\n",
      "He subsequently developed his ideas into a wide-ranging set of doctrines and practices as part of a new religious movement that he called Scientology.\n",
      "\n",
      "His writings became the guiding texts for the Church of Scientology and a number of affiliated organizations that address such diverse topics as business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Church's dissemination of these materials led to Hubbard being listed by the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the most translated and published author in the world.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Guinness World Record for the most audio books published for one author is also held by Hubbard.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Index of philosophical literature\n",
      "\n",
      "This is a list of philosophical literature articles.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "'101 Philosophy Problems\" –\n",
      "\n",
      "'16 Questions on the Assassination\" –\n",
      "\n",
      "'2150 AD\" –\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "'A Berlin Republic\" –\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "2011 ATP World Tour Finals\n",
      "\n",
      "The 2011 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2011 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament that was played at the O Arena in London, United Kingdom between 20 and 27 November 2011.\n",
      "\n",
      "The defending champion in singles was world no.\n",
      "\n",
      "4 Roger Federer, while the defending champions in doubles were Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić.\n",
      "\n",
      "However, they did not defend their title together as they separated after the 2010 event.\n",
      "\n",
      "Zimonjic formed a team with Michaël Llodra for the season, and Nestor partnered with Max Mirnyi.\n",
      "\n",
      "Federer successfully defended his crown, winning an unprecedented sixth title, while Nestor and Mirnyi captured the doubles title.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Capital of New Zealand\n",
      "\n",
      "Wellington has been the Capital of New Zealand since 1865.\n",
      "\n",
      "New Zealand's first capital was Okiato or Old Russell in 1840-41.\n",
      "\n",
      "Auckland was the second capital from 1841 until 1865, when Parliament was permanently moved to Wellington after an argument that was had for one decade.\n",
      "\n",
      "As the members of parliament could not agree on the location of a more central capital, Wellington was decided on by three Australian commissioners.\n",
      "\n",
      "==========\n",
      "\n",
      "Okiato or Old Russell is a small holiday spot in the Bay of Islands, south of present-day Russell, which was then known as Kororareka.\n",
      "\n",
      "Okiato was New Zealand's first national capital, for a short time from 1840 to 1841, before the seat of government was moved to Auckland.\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "path = \"/Users/emrecalisir/git/data/wiki/wiki_test_*.ref\"\n",
    "for filename in glob.glob(path):\n",
    "    with open(filename) as f:\n",
    "        cnt = 0\n",
    "        for line in f:\n",
    "            cnt += 1\n",
    "            if(cnt==10):\n",
    "                break\n",
    "            print(line)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "files = []\n",
    "\n",
    "import glob\n",
    "path = \"/Users/emrecalisir/git/data/wiki/wiki_test_*.ref\"\n",
    "cnt = 0\n",
    "for filename in glob.glob(path):\n",
    "    with open(filename) as f: \n",
    "        lines = [line.rstrip() for line in f]\n",
    "        lines = lines[0:len(lines)-1]\n",
    "        #lines.append(\"#######\")\n",
    "        files.append(lines)\n",
    "        logger.info(filename)\n",
    "        cnt+=1 \n",
    "\n",
    "logger.info(\"Completed reading \" + str(cnt) + \" files\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "300"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(files)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['==========',\n",
       "  'Pádraig Ó Caoimh',\n",
       "  'Pádraig Ó Caoimh (Patrick \"Paddy\" O\\'Keeffe) was an Irish soldier and long-time administrator of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).',\n",
       "  'Páirc Uí Chaoimh, the home of the Cork GAA, is named after him.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh was born in Roscommon in 1898.',\n",
       "  'He moved to Cork City at an early age; the 1911 census records him living at No.',\n",
       "  '13 East View Terrace on the Quaker Road.',\n",
       "  'He lived with his father (an RIC Pensioner and Draper), his brother and his three sisters.',\n",
       "  'One of these siblings, or some other relatives, would later live in Ballynoe, near Castlelyons, in County Cork.',\n",
       "  'He was educated by the Christian Brothers in Cork and was an active member of the Gaelic Athletic Association.',\n",
       "  \"After leaving school he trained as a Secondary School teacher at Saint Mary's College in London, returning to Cork to teach at Presentation Brothers College.\",\n",
       "  'In 1916, when he was 18, he joined the Irish Volunteers.',\n",
       "  'In 1919, at the age of 21, Ó Caoimh gave up school teaching to become a full-time Volunteer officer and secretary of the Cork County Board, G.A.A.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'During the Irish War of Independence, Ó Caoimh served with A Company (University Company), 2nd Battalion, Cork No.',\n",
       "  '1 Brigade, IRA.',\n",
       "  'His organisational talents impressed his superiors and in 1920 he was given another appointment as manager of the Employment Bureau (established by the First Dáil).',\n",
       "  \"In November 1920, Ó Caoimh and about twenty other A Company Volunteers received orders to collect their weapons from the company arms dump and report to their headquarters in UCC From there the men were sent to a Fire Brigade storage shed on O'Sullivan's Quay to await further orders.\",\n",
       "  'After some hours word came that the British Forces they had been mobilised to ambush had moved and at 18:45 they were ordered to set off home.',\n",
       "  'Volunteer Michael O\\'Donoghue, \"Now we made our way home to our \\'digs\\' in twos and threes carrying our guns, keeping them with us until we were instructed to return them to the dump.',\n",
       "  \"I went south up Sullivan's Quay alone, crossed over Parliament Bridge and back via Prince's St. and Oliver Plunkett St. to my 'den' in 31 Grand Parade.\",\n",
       "  'Paddy O\\'Keeffe came a few yards behind me with Captain O\\'Sullivan [\"a pal of O\\'Keeffe\\'s\"], O\\'Keefe dallied a minute to drop into Peg Duggan\\'s new flower and fruit shop just at the Bridge.',\n",
       "  \"(Peg was senior officer of Cork Cumann na mBan, and had been working two years earlier in my old 'digs' (Fitzgerald's at 104 Old Georges St.)).\",\n",
       "  'It was a few minutes to seven.',\n",
       "  'Curfew zero hour.',\n",
       "  \"O'Keeffe merged, Four or five tall men in civvies with levelled revolvers order him to put up his hands.\",\n",
       "  'O\\'Keeffe resourceful, yet not quite realising the position, delays a little asking\\'\"What\\'s up, lads?',\n",
       "  '\", half-thinking them to be fellow I.R.A.',\n",
       "  'men.',\n",
       "  'A gun rammed into his back with a curse bring home to him the awful truth that they are Auxiliaries and that he is in deadly peril.',\n",
       "  'On searching him, they find a hand grenade.',\n",
       "  \"Almost at the same time, he Sees O'Sullivan some yards from him at the bridge, being disarmed.\",\n",
       "  \"Now O'Keeffe realised that the 'Auxies' would likely shoot him on the spot.\",\n",
       "  'A flash of desperate Inspiration: \"Here\", he says to the \\'Auxies\\', the District Inspector down at Union Quay knows all about this, Take me there and District Inspector so and so will explain my job to you\".',\n",
       "  'The bluff worked.',\n",
       "  \"P. O'Keeffe was playing for time – a respite.\",\n",
       "  \"He felt that if he was brought to Union Quay Barracks, he would be safe at least from being murdered on the spot; that he might get a judicial trial first, or courtmartial, which would take him out of the murderous hands of the bloodthirsty 'Auxies'.\",\n",
       "  'Arrived at Union Quay R.I.C.',\n",
       "  \"Barracks, O'Keeffe was recognised as a wanted I.R.A.\",\n",
       "  \"man The 'Auxies' were enraged and wanted to kill him on the spot in the day-room of the barracks, but the R.I.C.\",\n",
       "  'saved him to stand his trial and die on the scaffold, as they thought.',\n",
       "  'He was courtmartialled and charged with possession of a bomb.',\n",
       "  'Sentence: 15 years penal servitude served in Parkhurst and other English prisons.',\n",
       "  'He was lucky to escape the death penalty and so was his comrade, O\\'Sullivan, who got twenty years penal.\"',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh was transferred to Parkhurst prison on the Isle of Wight at the start of 1921.',\n",
       "  'There were over seven hundred men imprisoned there at the time; the authorities had decided to divide up the Irish Republican prisoners so they would each be housed with forty regular prisoners.',\n",
       "  'Volunteer James Allen Busby \"We refused to agree to this and barricaded our cells.',\n",
       "  \"For this some of our lads were taken to what were known as the 'silent cells'.\",\n",
       "  'These cells were underground.',\n",
       "  'Crowe [Maurice Crow of Emly, County Tipperary (I.R.A.',\n",
       "  \"prisoner's Commandant)] applied to see the Governor of the prison and told him that we would tear the place down, brick by brick, if our lads were not released from the underground cells.\",\n",
       "  'We refused to associate with any convicts but our own lads, and when walking in circles on the exercise ground we arranged to break ranks and get together, whereupon the warders set upon us and rushed us to our cells.',\n",
       "  'I remember on one occasion, for three weeks running we gave what we called our \"concert party\".',\n",
       "  'When lights were out at night, we kept up a constant din, shouting and singing Irish songs.',\n",
       "  'At periods the warders tried to undress us to give us a bath; we fought them on this and refused to go for a bath unless we went in a party with our own lads.',\n",
       "  \"We also threatened to go on strike against the fortnightly convicts' haircutting.\",\n",
       "  'Everything that was possible to do, we did, to upset prison discipline and force the authorities to treat us as a group apart from the other convicted prisoners.',\n",
       "  'Eventually the warders themselves threatened to go on strike because of the trouble we were causing them.',\n",
       "  \"Finally, the Governor agreed to 'house' us in cells all on the one landing and, after consultation with Crowe, our commandant, allowed us to remain together and not associate with the other prisoners.\",\n",
       "  'The Reverend Father Dominic [O\\'Connor, \"the patriot Franciscan\"] wore prison garb and was detained in the hospital wing.',\n",
       "  'His hair (or beard) was not cut and he was permitted to say Mass every day.',\n",
       "  \"Paddy O'Keeffe of Cork, the present General Secretary of the Gaelic Athletic, used serve Fr.\",\n",
       "  'Dominic\\'s Mass.\"',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh was released the year after the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.',\n",
       "  'He took a position as manager of a Munster tobacco company and married a lady named Peig.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'In 1929, the position of General Secretary of the G.A.A.',\n",
       "  'became vacant for the first time in almost 30 years.',\n",
       "  'The Governing Body of the GAA, the Central Council, decided that applicants must be members of the Association for a minimum of five years, must be under 40 years of age, and would have to undergo a qualifying examination consisting of Irish (oral and written), English, arithmetic and book-keeping.',\n",
       "  'The chosen candidate would act as both the Secretary of the GAA and the Manager of Croke Park; be paid a salary of £300 (rising in annual increments of £10 to a maximum of £400), and be provided with a free house and electric light.',\n",
       "  'There were a total of 11 applications for the post, only 9 of these attended the August 1929 examinations.',\n",
       "  'After the examinations two rounds of votes were taken; on the final vote 31-year-old Padraig Ó Caoimh defeated F. Burke by 11 votes to 10.',\n",
       "  'He resigned his positions at the Munster tobacco company and at the Cork County Board, and was appointed Secretary of the GAA.',\n",
       "  'Within three years of his appointment his renowned organisational skills were put to the test.',\n",
       "  'In 1932 Croke Park hosted both the Tailteann Games and the Eucharistic Congress.',\n",
       "  'The Eucharistic Congress in particular required a great deal of organisation with Ó Caoimh responsible for up to 2,000 stewards.',\n",
       "  \"By far the most controversial episode in Ó Caoimh's 35-year career was the removal of Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland, as a Patron of the Association in 1938.\",\n",
       "  'Hyde broke the GAA\\'s ban on \"foreign games\" by attending an international soccer match in Dublin.',\n",
       "  'The question raised by Eamon DeValera in 1946 was whether Ó Caoimh should have warned Hyde on the implications of attending a soccer match and thus allowing Hyde to retire quietly as a Patron.',\n",
       "  \"One of Ó Caoimh's key achievements was the staging of the 1947 All-Ireland Senior Football Final in the Polo Grounds, New York.\",\n",
       "  'One has to remember that in 1947 Europe, and America, were still recovering from World War Two, air travel was still relatively novel and communications were still primitive.',\n",
       "  'In the space of five months Ó Caoimh oversaw the transfer of the All-Ireland Final to America and its radio broadcast back to Ireland.',\n",
       "  'While the Polo Grounds Final achieved its ultimate aim of rejuvenating the Association in America, Ó Caoimh, for the rest of his tenure, had to spend a disproportionately high amount of his time organising the GAA in America.',\n",
       "  'The post-1947 relationship between the GAA in Ireland and the GAA in New York was, at times, fragile.',\n",
       "  'A number of experiments were tried such as the St. Brendan Cup Competition, the inclusion of New York in the National League Finals and the initiation of a World Championship Series.',\n",
       "  'Yet there was a constant degree of disharmony either within the American GAA itself or between Ireland and America.',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh patiently and diplomatically sought, and tested, solutions that would placate both parties.',\n",
       "  'One lasting legacy of the Ó Caoimh era that is still evident today is the drive he initiated to have a GAA-owned pitch in every parish.',\n",
       "  'In 1957 a Parks Committee (Coiste na bPáirc) was formed to advise on a unified plan for the development of grounds.',\n",
       "  \"From this Parks Committee came the 'Grounds Plan' which saw grounds being purchased and refurbished, with grants from the Central Council, on a phased basis i.e.\",\n",
       "  'Provincial Grounds in phase one of the plan, County Grounds in phase two etc.',\n",
       "  'In paying tribute to O\\'Caoimh after his death Alf Ó Muiri, President of the Association, stated that \"in 1929 there were 1,500 clubs, in 1963 there were more than 3,000…the number of grounds owned in 1929 must have been very few, there are now close on 400 grounds owned and properly vested in the Association\".',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh continued to work through a long period of poor health (he underwent four major operations between 1944 and 1963) and the Central Council acted to reduce his workload and employed new staff, including his successor-to-be Seán Ó Síocháin.',\n",
       "  'Ó Caoimh died in May 1964 (aged 66), a few months before completing 35 years as Secretary of the GAA.',\n",
       "  'An obituary in \"The Irish Times\\' stated that \"under his administrative genius the GAA became by far the strongest sports organisation in the country and reputedly the biggest amateur association of its kind in the world.',\n",
       "  'During his term of office, its membership grew to the huge proportions of today, including powerful branches in the United States, Britain, Australia and Africa; imposing stadia, of which Croke Park was his special care.',\n",
       "  'Without his ability to co-ordinate plan and inspire, only a fraction of this extraordinary progress could have been achieved.\"'],\n",
       " ['==========',\n",
       "  'Alexander Vinokourov',\n",
       "  'Alexander Nikolaevich Vinokourov (; born 16 September 1973) is a Kazakh former professional road bicycle racer and current general manager of UCI ProTeam .',\n",
       "  \"As a competitor, his achievements include two bronze medals at the World Championships, four stage wins in the Tour de France, four in the Vuelta a España plus the overall title in 2006, two Liège–Bastogne–Liège monuments, one Amstel Gold Race, and most recently, the gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics Men's Road Race.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov is a past national champion of Kazakhstan, and a dual-medalist at the Summer Olympics.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov began cycling in 1984 as an 11-year-old, competing within the former Soviet Union.',\n",
       "  'He moved to France in 1997 to finish his amateur career, and then turned professional there in 1998.',\n",
       "  \"After almost a decade as a professional, Vinokourov was caught blood doping during the 2007 Tour de France, which triggered the withdrawal of the entire Astana team from that year's race.\",\n",
       "  'After a 2-year suspension from competition, he returned to cycling in August 2009, riding first for the national team of Kazakhstan and then for his beloved Astana.',\n",
       "  \"A serious crash during the 2011 Tour de France threatened to prematurely end Vinokourov's career for a second time, but he announced he would continue for one more season in 2012\\xa0– with an eye towards competing in the Olympic Games in London.\",\n",
       "  \"There, Vinokourov played the role of ultimate spoiler when he dramatically won the gold medal in the men's road race after breaking-away in the closing miles with Colombian Rigoberto Urán.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov retired after the Olympics and assumed management duties with for 2013.',\n",
       "  'He is an honorary colonel in the Kazakh army but lives in France with his wife and children.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'According to his father Nikolay, Vinokourov began cycling at age 11 when he joined a branch of the Petropavl’s Children and Youth Sports School.',\n",
       "  'The Frenchman Vincent Lavenu, who would later offer Vinokourov his first professional contract, reported that the young Kazakhstani was training on the road every day at age 11, and also competing in cyclo-cross.',\n",
       "  'In 1986 at age 13, Vinokourov became an athlete at a sports school in Almaty, then the capital of Kazakhstan, where he would train for the next five years.',\n",
       "  'While fulfilling his compulsory two-year military service requirement, Vino also trained as part of the Soviet national team.',\n",
       "  'Like most top cyclists, Vino would train in Southern California during the winter months',\n",
       "  'After Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December 1991, Vinokourov continued to train and race, though as a member of the Kazakhstani national team.',\n",
       "  'He placed third behind Pascal Hervé of France in the Regio Tour amateur stage race in Germany in 1993 (Vinokourov later would win this race as a professional in 2004).',\n",
       "  'Other notable performances during these early years include winning two stages at the 1995 Tour of Ecuador and the overall GC at the 1996 Tour of Slovenia.',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov also competed in the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, where he finished 53rd in the men's road race\\xa0– an event he won 16 years later.\",\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'In the winter of 1996, Gilles Mas, directeur sportif of the Agrigel-La Creuse team, received a letter from the coach of the Kazakhstani national team, inquiring about the possibility of placing six Kazakhstani cyclists in European professional teams.',\n",
       "  'Mas agreed to take-on the best two, but only on condition they first rode for the amateur Espoir Cycliste Saint-Etienne Loire (ECSEL) clube for a year.',\n",
       "  'Mas and Pierre Rivory of ECSEL chose Andrey Mizurov and Vinokourov.',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov arrived in France on 22 March 1997, after a sub-par performance due to illness in the Tour de Langkawi as a member of Kazakhstan's national team.\",\n",
       "  'While Vino readily adapted to Europe, Mizurov\\xa0– who had won the inaugural time trial in the 1997 Tour de Langkawi\\xa0– struggled with homesickness and contemplated a return to Kazakhstan.',\n",
       "  \"Ultimately, in May 1997, Mizurov was replaced by Vinokourov's former classmate Andrei Kivilev, who was then racing with an amateur team in Burgos in Spain after having placed 29th in the previous year's Olympic road race.\",\n",
       "  'Mizurov would later turn professional in 1999 with , and he reunited with Vinokourov in 2007 at .',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov came second in a stage of the Tour of Auvergne two weeks after he arrived in Europe, and was best climber in a Coupe de France race a week later.',\n",
       "  'Then, during a trial for the Casino professional team at the Tour of Saône et Loire, Vino won three of the four stages.',\n",
       "  'In total, Vinokourov would win ten races for his amateur club, leading Vincent Lavenu to offer him a two-year professional contract to ride for Casino in 1998–1999.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov won six races in 1998, his first year as a professional, including the Four Days of Dunkirk, the Tour de l'Oise, and stages in both the Tour of Poland and Circuit des Mines.\",\n",
       "  'In early-1999, he won the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana stage race, and three months later took two stages of the Midi Libre.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov also won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, beating the American Jonathan Vaughters along the way.',\n",
       "  '(Vino lost the yellow jersey to Vaughters after the Mont Ventoux time trial but regained it on the following mountain stage.)',\n",
       "  'In 2000, Vinokourov joined .',\n",
       "  'He won the combination competition in Paris–Nice and finished third in the Critérium International.',\n",
       "  'He came 15th in the Tour de France after working for captain Jan Ullrich.',\n",
       "  'His first win for the German team was stage 18 in the Vuelta a España, in which he caught the two riders in the breakaway and sprinted past Roberto Laiseka and Vicente Garcia Acosta in the last 300 metres.',\n",
       "  'He came second several weeks later in the Olympic Games behind Ullrich and in front of another Telekom teammate, Andreas Kloden.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov time-trialed to a stage win in the 2001 Deutschland Tour and took the yellow jersey from his Telekom teammate Erik Zabel.',\n",
       "  'The dominance of the Telekom team was evident the following day when Rolf Aldag won and Vinokourov gained a minute and a half over the peloton to ensure victory.',\n",
       "  'He rode the Tour de France that year in support of Ullrich, where he finished 16th overall.',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov won Paris–Nice in 2002, taking the leader's jersey after attacking Laurent Jalabert and Andrei Kivilev on Mont Faron.\",\n",
       "  'The penultimate stage to the Col d’Eze, a mountaintop finish, Vinokourov kept his lead and won Paris–Nice the following day.',\n",
       "  'Later in 2002, he won the first mountain stage in the Tour de Suisse but several stages later he fell on a mountain descent and was taken to hospital after the stage.',\n",
       "  'Vino abandoned the race to prepare for the Tour but it was discovered two weeks later that he had a broken coccyx and could not ride the 2002 Tour de France.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  '2003 would be a breakthrough year for Vinokourov, but one marred by an early-season personal tragedy that nevertheless drove him to perform inspirationally.',\n",
       "  'His close friend Andrei Kivilev fell heavily during the second stage of Paris–Nice, slipped into a coma, and died during the night.',\n",
       "  'The loss of his compatriot weighed heavily on Vinokourov, but he rallied and declared that he was more motivated than ever to win.',\n",
       "  \"Stage three had been neutralized and stage four was a time trial, but on stage five, which featured the race's only mountaintop finish, Vinokourov honoured his late-friend with a spectacular attack on Mont Faron that won him the stage and the leader’s jersey.\",\n",
       "  'As he crossed the line, Vinokourov pointed skyward, and later explained to the press:',\n",
       "  '\"Most of all, [it\\'s a victory for] for Andrei Kivilev.',\n",
       "  'He wanted to win on Mont Faron and also Paris–Nice.',\n",
       "  'I really gave everything for this victory, and today was a coup double, for him and for his family.',\n",
       "  'I found the strength to continue the race, only for him, for his family, for his little boy.',\n",
       "  \"I'm satisfied today for myself and for them.\",\n",
       "  \"I'm going to do everything to keep the jersey, and for that I found a double strength, myself and his strength as well.\",\n",
       "  \"It's fantastic, and I'm very happy.\",\n",
       "  'For sure it\\'s a victory for him, and I hope to keep the jersey until Nice.\"',\n",
       "  'Two days later, Vinokourov won Paris–Nice and in a final gesture to his friend, he displayed a photograph of Kivilev on the podium.',\n",
       "  'Forty days later, after the traditional period for mourning in Kazakhstan, Vinokourov won the Amstel Gold Race.',\n",
       "  'He had reached the leading group with 10 kilometres to go, and attacked them at the 5\\xa0km banner.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov built an advantage of 15 seconds that he fought to maintain up the steep Cauberg finishing climb, winning by four seconds ahead of Michael Boogerd.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov attacked on the flat first stage of the 2003 Tour de Suisse and only the Russian, Serguei Ivanov, could match him.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov won the stage and took the lead.',\n",
       "  'Francesco Casagrande dropped Vinokourov on the first mountain stage and closed the gap to six seconds.',\n",
       "  'Casagrande attacked again on the following mountain stage and took the jersey.',\n",
       "  'But Casagrande cracked several days later in an individual time trial as Vinokourov finished fifth to retake the jersey and win the race.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov was for the first time riding to win in the 2003 Tour de France.',\n",
       "  'He was to share this role in his team with the Colombian, Santiago Botero.',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov finished second on the stage to the l'Alpe d'Huez.\",\n",
       "  'He attacked the following day on the final climb 9\\xa0km from the finish and won the stage.',\n",
       "  'He moved into second overall 21 seconds short of Lance Armstrong.',\n",
       "  'Several days later in the individual time trial, won by Ullrich, Vinokourov took third position and kept it to the end.',\n",
       "  'He was voted the most combative rider.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov missed the break on the second stage of the 2004 Paris–Nice that gained five minutes.',\n",
       "  'but he won three stages.',\n",
       "  'He attacked towards the end of a small climb on the fifth stage with 8\\xa0km to go.',\n",
       "  'He built ten seconds and won by four seconds.',\n",
       "  'He dedicated the win to Kivilev.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov attacked the lead group on the flat windy coastal road in the finale of stage 7,with 5\\xa0km to go.',\n",
       "  'He caught and passed Samuel Sánchez with 2\\xa0km to go and won the stage.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov won the final stage in a breakaway sprint against Denis Menchov .',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov came third in Liège–Bastogne–Liège, behind Davide Rebellin and Michael Boogerd.',\n",
       "  'Boogerd and Vinokourov had been matching each other while Rebellin waited for the sprint and won.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov crashed on the second stage of the Tour de Suisse, tearing ligaments in his shoulder.',\n",
       "  'That stopped his riding the 2004 Tour de France.',\n",
       "  'He returned for the Regio Tour at the start of August.',\n",
       "  'In the second stage, he won the time trial.',\n",
       "  'In the following stage, he won the bunch sprint and took the leader’s jersey to win.',\n",
       "  'He then rode the Vuelta a España but due to food poisoning lost time during the first week.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov recovered and finished fourth in the time trial.',\n",
       "  'He rode the world championship and took the bronze medal in the time trial.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov’s first win in 2005 and the first for the team was Liège–Bastogne–Liège.',\n",
       "  'He broke away with Jens Voigt with more than 50\\xa0km to go.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov attacked on the final short climb 6\\xa0km from the finish but could not get away from Voigt.',\n",
       "  'Instead he waited and beat Voigt in the sprint.',\n",
       "  'In the Dauphiné Libéré, Vinokourov won the stage on Mont Ventoux.',\n",
       "  'He had attacked the favourites for the Tour de France, reaching the breakaway before attacking at several hundred metres on the uphill finish to win the stage.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov travelled back to Kazakhstan to win the national championship ahead of Mizourov and Kashechkin.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov said in July 2005 that he was in as good condition as 2003, when he came third.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov said he was riding \"for the team\".',\n",
       "  'The implication was that he would be leader if he or Andreas Klöden (second in 2004) rode better than Ullrich.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov came third in the opening time trial, beating Ullrich and Klöden by 15 seconds and 1:08.',\n",
       "  \"The American, Lance Armstrong, followed Vinokourov's attacks on stage 8 but let Klöden go.\",\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov rode separately from his teammates, bringing speculation regarding Ullrich's role in the team.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov lost time in the mountains.',\n",
       "  'Revenge came when he won stage 11 in a break, outsprinting Santiago Botero.',\n",
       "  'Tension between Vinokourov and his team boiled on stage 14 into the Pyrenees where Vinokourov was dropped.',\n",
       "  \"He chased for 20\\xa0km and then attacked, but Kloden and Ullrich reeled him in, bringing criticism of T-Mobile's tactics which were apparently just to support Ullrich.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov settled his differences when he won stage 21 to Paris.',\n",
       "  'After 3rd place in the time trial in the penultimate stage, losing time to only Armstrong and Ullrich, Vinokourov moved to 6th, trailing Levi Leipheimer in 5th by two seconds.',\n",
       "  'The final stage, usually a formality, became a showdown between Vinokourov and Leipheimer.',\n",
       "  'A sprint prime with time bonuses came at 75\\xa0km in Châteny-Malabry.',\n",
       "  'Leipheimer and his Gerolsteiner team came to the front.',\n",
       "  'Leipheimer needed to prevent Vinokourov from getting it.',\n",
       "  'Gerolsteiner set a fast tempo to discourage Vinokourov.',\n",
       "  'But 1.5\\xa0km from the sprint, Vinokourov attacked.',\n",
       "  'Soon only Leipheimer could hold his wheel, but he was not able to pass and so Vinokourov gained six seconds, Leipheimer four.',\n",
       "  'Leipheimer was ahead only by a fraction of a second.',\n",
       "  'When they reached Paris officials stopped the clock due to dangerous conditions (the cobblestone road was wet and slippery from rain), and the final sprint prime was cancelled.',\n",
       "  'Leipheimer said he was informed that normal bonus time for 1st, 2nd and 3rd place on the stage would also not be awarded.',\n",
       "  'He and others thought Leipheimer had 5th place.',\n",
       "  'In the final kilometers, several riders broke clear but were caught.',\n",
       "  'Then, as the pace was increasing, Vinokourov moved to the front.',\n",
       "  'With 2\\xa0km remaining, Laurent Brochard attacked and Vinokourov jumped on his wheel.',\n",
       "  'A few seconds later Brad McGee closed the gap.',\n",
       "  'When Brochard cracked, McGee moved to the front, but Vinokourov followed.',\n",
       "  'They achieved a gap that could not be closed.',\n",
       "  'McGee zigged and zagged, making Vinokourov work, but Vinokourov found enough power to pull around McGee and win.',\n",
       "  \"That was victory made of courage and guts\\xa0– I really gave it all in the last kilometres, although I didn't think it was possible until I crossed the line.\",\n",
       "  \"I just went 'à bloc'\\xa0– it's unbelievable, magnificent!\",\n",
       "  'I have no words for it...I did think a lot about Kivilev yesterday in St. Etienne, and I think that motivated me even more.',\n",
       "  \"I'm very happy to win.\",\n",
       "  'Tour officials awarded time bonuses after all, so Vinokourov gained 20 seconds to put him into 5th place.',\n",
       "  'As his contract with T-Mobile was up in 2005, many speculated which team he would join, and whether it would give him full support in 2006.',\n",
       "  \"The team turned out to be Manolo Saiz's team.\",\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'Liberty Seguros withdrew sponsorship on 25 May 2006 after the arrest of Manolo Saiz relating to blood doping.',\n",
       "  'A coalition of companies from Kazakhstan took over sponsorship, now called .',\n",
       "  'On 30 June 2006, Astana-Würth withdrew from the 2006 Tour de France after five riders were implicated in the Operación Puerto doping case, leaving Vinokourov, one of the favorites, with three teammates, below the required six riders.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov was never accused or implicated.',\n",
       "  'In the Vuelta a España, the team was known simply as after Würth departed sponsorship.',\n",
       "  'After losing time in the first mountains, Vinokourov went into attack.',\n",
       "  'He lost the 7th stage to Alejandro Valverde, took revenge by winning the 8th and 9th stages and climbed to 5th place at the end of the first week.',\n",
       "  'After a good time trial, and aggressive climbing on stages 17 & 18 (stage 18 was won by Kashechkin), Vinokourov took first place and claimed the gold jersey from Valverde.',\n",
       "  'After a strong time trial, his 3rd stage victory, Vinokourov won the Vuelta.',\n",
       "  'Following his one and only Grand Tour victory at the Vuelta, Vinokourov rode to a podium finish at the World Championships TT in Salzburg, where he took third behind winner Fabian Cancellara of Switzerland, and the American runner-up, David Zabriskie\\xa0– both of .',\n",
       "  'Vino dropped his chain in the middle of the 15 percent climb, but in his typical laconic manner brushed-off the mishap, explaining:',\n",
       "  '\"I had a hard time putting it back on, but the time I lost only counted for second or third place, so it wasn\\'t that important.',\n",
       "  'Now, I\\'ll concentrate on the road race, for which I\\'m really motivated.\"',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov started the 2007 Tour de France as a definite \"Yellow jersey favourite,\" with a new team backed by the same Kazakh sponsors who had taken over Liberty Seguros in 2006\\xa0– .',\n",
       "  'The Tour started well for Vino when he placed 7th in the London prologue, losing a mere 30 seconds to time-trial specialist Fabian Cancellara.',\n",
       "  'Vino was ranked inside the top-10 through the second stage, and he remained in contention for the overall until the fifth stage, when he experienced a misfortune.',\n",
       "  'As the peloton accelerated before the final climb, Vinokourov fell heavily at high speed and tumbled into a ditch with 25k to go.',\n",
       "  'He suffered severe cuts and abrasions to both knees and elbows, and serious bruising to his right buttock.',\n",
       "  \"The wounded Kazakh could be seen standing on the left side of the road, gesticulating while a frantic teammate struggled to fix his leader's damaged bike.\",\n",
       "  'The main field did not slow to allow Vinokourov to reintegrate with the bunch, but instead raced on towards the finish in Autun.',\n",
       "  'Vino remounted and began to chase, calling back seven of his eight teammates to help his bid to regain the leaders.',\n",
       "  'The Astana train pursued the favorites, until Vinokourov himself surged ahead of his companions and lead the last wave of the chase.',\n",
       "  'When Vino crossed the line, he finished 1–20 behind his main rivals, all of whom arrived together.',\n",
       "  'After the dramatic crash and the serious injuries, Vino expectantly lost time in the Alps, and he was dismissed from the list of GC contenders.',\n",
       "  'But despite his injuries, and after seemingly being written off by the press and his rivals, Vinokourov rallied and won the first individual time trial by 1:14 from Cadel Evans.',\n",
       "  'With tranquility and some modesty, Vino explained:',\n",
       "  '\"I am happy with my performance, I am finding my legs again.',\n",
       "  'Now I want to attack in the Pyrénées.',\n",
       "  'I want to thank everyone in and around the team that encouraged me to get through the Alps.\"',\n",
       "  'He also won stage 15, a mountain stage finishing in Loudenvielle.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'The next day (24 July) Vinokourov failed a doping control following his time trial victory.',\n",
       "  'His blood had a double population of erythrocytes, which implied a homologous transfusion.',\n",
       "  'He delivered a positive for blood doping on 24 July 2007.',\n",
       "  'As a result, his team pulled out after being requested to withdraw by ASO president Patrice Clerc',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov's B sample came back positive a few days later, and Cadel Evans was declared winner of stage 13.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov was stripped of his stage 15 victory, which was awarded to Kim Kirchen of Luxembourg.',\n",
       "  'According to Phil Liggett, long-time commentator for the Tour, \"It is incomprehensible that Vinokourov could do such a thing when he must have known he was under suspicion because of his dealing with disgraced doctor Michele Ferrari in Italy.',\n",
       "  'He must have known he would be tested at every opportunity, and the time trial was the perfect occasion.\"',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov received a one-year suspension from the Kazakhstan Cycling Federation The UCI was angered by the short ban—a lighter sentence than those received by other cyclists found guilty, such as Tyler Hamilton and Ivan Basso—which would allow him to ride in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.',\n",
       "  'His team Astana then threatened to sue Vinokourov for damages, as did Cadel Evans and team , due to the publicity they lost for Evans not being named the winner at the time of the stage.',\n",
       "  'In December 2007, Vinokourov announced his retirement.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov, banned for a year after doping at the 2007 Tour de France, told the Belgian TV program Sporza that he wanted to race again in 2009.',\n",
       "  'He said: \"I love cycling.',\n",
       "  \"I want to come back because I didn't want to end my career in this way.\",\n",
       "  'I feel as if I can win once again the big races.\"',\n",
       "  'The UCI then renewed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, asking it to overturn the one-year suspension by the Kazakh federation and to impose a standard two-year ban.',\n",
       "  'This appeal, originally filed in 2007, was dropped when Vinokourov said he was retiring.',\n",
       "  'The case was retabled and the CAS ruled the ban would expire on 24 July 2009.',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov made his comeback in Tour de l'Ain in August 2009, riding for Kazakhstan.\",\n",
       "  'In the third stage, a time trial over 8.6\\xa0km, he won his first race after his ban.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov re-joined Astana on 24 August 2009 and was named for the 2009 Vuelta a España.',\n",
       "  \"Starting his first full professional season since being sanctioned for doping after the 2007 Tour de France and sidelined from the sport, Vinokourov began systematically building his form for a planned debut at the 2010 Giro d'Italia.\",\n",
       "  'He rode well in the early-season Tour of the Mediterranean, where he finished 5th overall, and served as a super-domestique for his Astana teammate Alberto Contador at the Critérium International.',\n",
       "  'Vino stormed to victory in April at the opening time trial of the Giro del Trentino in Italy, where he took 35 seconds out of former Giro winner Ivan Basso in only 12.5\\xa0km.',\n",
       "  'He successfully defended his overall lead and won the event over another ex-doper, Riccardo Riccò of the Ceramica Flaminia team.',\n",
       "  'It was his first major win since he returned to Astana the previous August, and an unusually-expressive Vinokourov shared his thoughts post-race:',\n",
       "  '\"It’s a great satisfaction.',\n",
       "  'By winning the first stage against the clock I didn’t think I would keep the jersey until the end.',\n",
       "  'I even thought not to ride this last stage because I would have driven to Liege if there was no plane.',\n",
       "  'Fortunately, the volcano in Iceland has subsided.',\n",
       "  'I have a flight tonight from Bergamo to Belgium.',\n",
       "  \"It [the fact that he wouldn't have to drive] especially helped me to defend my jersey until the final.\",\n",
       "  'Riccó is very strong and I feared him a lot with a uphill finish like today.',\n",
       "  'He arrived second and I went fourth just 12 seconds behind, which means that my legs were not bad either.\"',\n",
       "  'Because of his doping shame, Vinokourov could not count on riding the 2010 Tour de France, but Giro organizers had no similar qualms about inviting him to their event.',\n",
       "  'Accordingly, he targeted a strong performance in the Italian grand tour, although he took pains to downplay his chances of overall victory:',\n",
       "  '\"I do not talk about winning [the Giro d\\'Italia], but I would certainly [aim to] wear the pink jersey for one day.',\n",
       "  'That would be nice for my collection.\"',\n",
       "  \"With Contador's help, Vinokourov won the 2010 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, six seconds clear of breakaway companion Alexandr Kolobnev with Spain's Alejandro Valverde coming in third, more than a minute after the pair.\",\n",
       "  'In December 2011, Swiss magazine \"L\\'Illustre\" ran a story about how Vinokourov had allegedly bought the victory.',\n",
       "  \"It was revealed that Kolobnev (who was not on the same team) received a payment of 100,000 Euros after the race from a bank account owned by the Kazakh in Monaco to Kolobnev's bank account in Locarno.\",\n",
       "  'The magazine published the e-mail exchange between the two, which started the day after the race.',\n",
       "  'In these, Kolobnev wonders if he had done the right thing by letting Vino win and shares a copy of his bank info, expressing concerns that they may get caught.',\n",
       "  'Vino replies: “You have done everything properly, do not worry.',\n",
       "  'As you say, the Earth is round and God sees everything [...] Do not worry about the agreement, I will do it.” Vinokourov did not deny a payment was made, but said that he did not buy the race: “It’s another story to blacken my name.',\n",
       "  'I often loan money left and right.”',\n",
       "  \"Paired to perfection with his Spanish teammate in the Ardennes, Vino paved the way for Contador's supremacy in July, and pledged fealty to the defending Tour de France champ, whom he vowed to support:\",\n",
       "  '\"It has always been the plan that I\\'d work for Alberto at the Tour and for myself at the Giro.\"',\n",
       "  \"Barely a month later at the Giro d'Italia, Vinokourov finished 6th overall after having worn the maglia rosa for five dramatic days.\",\n",
       "  \"On just his third day ever racing the Giro, Vino inherited the pink leader's jersey from Cadel Evans of BMC after the Australian was involved in a seafront crash with 15\\xa0km to go to the finish.\",\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov couldn't hide the fact that he was happy to lead the Giro:\",\n",
       "  '“I was riding the last ten kilometres without thinking of taking the pink jersey.',\n",
       "  'I had seen that Andre Greipel was up there, so I was convinced that he’d win the stage and take the pink jersey with the time bonus.',\n",
       "  'But he didn’t win, so the jersey is mine.',\n",
       "  'To get it is wonderful.',\n",
       "  'I received it without looking for it, really.',\n",
       "  'This is my first participation to the Giro d’Italia and I already have the jersey.”',\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov fulfilled his promise to Contador and served as his teammate's super-domestique during the Tour, which Contador completed ahead of Andy Schleck and Denis Menchov.\",\n",
       "  \"However Contador's victory was vacated when it was determined he had tested positive for a minute amount of the banned drug clenbuterol.\",\n",
       "  'Despite this, Astana still saw some measure of success in the Tour, with Vinokourov winning stage 13 after a solo attack over the last climb of the day and a determined effort to hold off the field.',\n",
       "  'With typical Vino understatement, he summed up his triumph:',\n",
       "  '\"I showed I worked hard in these two years.\"',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'In the 9th stage of the Tour de France 2011 Vinokourov fell and broke his right femur.',\n",
       "  'On 17 July 2011, his \"retirement\" from professional cycling was announced, unofficially and without comment, on Twitter pages by fellow cyclists.',\n",
       "  'Later that day he confirmed his retirement.',\n",
       "  'Rehabilitating from the accident he discovered he felt better than he had anticipated, and decided to ride the 2011 Giro di Lombardia before retiring.',\n",
       "  'In September, he decided to postpone his retirement altogether, and announced he would return for the 2012 season and ride for Astana in the Tour de France.',\n",
       "  'True to his word, Vinokourov returned to pro cycling in 2012 as a rider and debuted at the Tour de Langkawi with his Astana teammates, the same place that Vinokourov started his pro career with Casino with his 1997 performance with the Kazakhstan national team.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov stated that the team was aiming for the \"overall title\", as opposed to any personal win.',\n",
       "  'He explained,',\n",
       "  '\"This is my first big race since I crashed at the Tour de France last year and it will be a good start for my season, for me to find my rhythm before heading to Europe for the Classics.\"',\n",
       "  \"While he had a quiet spring season of racing, barring accident, illness, or another doping scandal, Vinokourov's spot on Astana's Tour de France 2012 roster was secure owing to his status within the team and the symbolic importance for Kazakhstan of his participation.\",\n",
       "  'And while he did not win a stage, Vinokourov featured in several breakaways, including an attack on Stage 18 that saw him win the Combativity award for the day.',\n",
       "  \"One week after the conclusion of the Tour, Vinokourov won the gold medal in the Men's Road Race at the London 2012 Olympics.\",\n",
       "  'Vinokourov and the Colombian Rigoberto Urán attacked out of a large breakaway group with 8\\xa0km to go and worked steadily together until the finish.',\n",
       "  'He then drew ahead of Urán in the final three hundred meters, and crossed the line alone, arms-aloft.',\n",
       "  'Afterward, he said,',\n",
       "  '\"It\\'s just unbelievable.',\n",
       "  'I finished the Tour de France a little tired, but the Olympics, I must go there.\"\"',\n",
       "  'About the breakaway group, he continued, \"\"It was up-down, up-down, too many people.',\n",
       "  'It was very dangerous.',\n",
       "  'I knew that if I was following the group I would have had no chance in the sprint.',\n",
       "  'I finish my career with this victory.\"',\n",
       "  \"Confirming his retirement after collecting his medal, Vinokourov\\xa0– the only Olympic medalist in the men's road race from an Asian country\\xa0– also became the only cyclist to win two medals in the discipline.\",\n",
       "  \"Before winning gold in 2012, he claimed silver in 2000 (see Men's Road Race for a list of all medalists in this event).\",\n",
       "  \"Vinokourov's last official competition would be the time trial at the Olympics the following week.\",\n",
       "  'He explained:',\n",
       "  '\"It is nice to finish off my career with a gold medal.',\n",
       "  'I will still race in the time trial on Wednesday, but I will just spin.',\n",
       "  'I have what I have wanted.',\n",
       "  'I have the gold medal and I can envision my retirement.\"',\n",
       "  'After his win, he released a statement saying that he may \"continue in select events in 2012\".',\n",
       "  '“I just won an Olympic title.',\n",
       "  'It was a dream, so I cannot be sad.',\n",
       "  'This is the last important race of my career, but I might race some other races at the end of this season as an Olympic champion.”',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'On 16 September 2012, Vinokourov auctioned his Olympic gold-winning Specialized bicycle.',\n",
       "  'It was sold to the Tak Group Company for $243,000.',\n",
       "  'The starting price amounted to $50,000.',\n",
       "  'Vinokourov donated the money from the auction for treatment of five children with serious diseases.',\n",
       "  '“The bicycle brought good luck to me and I can now support the young citizens of Kazakhstan who are having a difficult time by selling this bicycle.',\n",
       "  'I hope that some of them will become champions, not necessarily in sport, but in their own lives.',\n",
       "  'They should be strong in spirit and fight to the end!',\n",
       "  'And this way they will win,” Vinokourov said at the closure of the auction.',\n",
       "  'In the autumn of 2012, Alexander Vinokourov entered L.N.',\n",
       "  \"Gumilyov Eurasian National University to work towards a master's degree in Physical Education.\",\n",
       "  'Two months later the Union Cycliste Internationale initiated an investigation of Alexandre Vinokourov and Russia\\'s Alexandr Kolobnev over allegations brought by the Swiss news magazine \"L’lllustre\" and Italian newspaper \"Corriere della Sera\".',\n",
       "  'They accused Vinokourov of cutting a deal with Alexandr Kolobnev in 2010 to aid him in winning Liège–Bastogne–Liège.',\n",
       "  'They alleged 150 thousand euros exchanged hands.',\n",
       "  \"The UCI's investigation is still pending.\",\n",
       "  'In August 2014 prosecutors in Liège confirmed that Vinokourov and Kolobnev had been charged with corruption for the alleged deal, with possible penalties including a jail term of between six and 36 months and a fine of between 600 and 300,000 euros.',\n",
       "  '==========',\n",
       "  'WD = withdrew']]"
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pádraig Ó Caoimh</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pádraig Ó Caoimh (Patrick \"Paddy\" O'Keeffe) wa...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Páirc Uí Chaoimh, the home of the Cork GAA, is...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>==========</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>An obituary in \"The Irish Times' stated that \"...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>During his term of office, its membership grew...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>Without his ability to co-ordinate plan and in...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>==========</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alexander Vinokourov</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 1 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                lines\n",
       "0                                          ==========\n",
       "1                                    Pádraig Ó Caoimh\n",
       "2   Pádraig Ó Caoimh (Patrick \"Paddy\" O'Keeffe) wa...\n",
       "3   Páirc Uí Chaoimh, the home of the Cork GAA, is...\n",
       "4                                          ==========\n",
       "..                                                ...\n",
       "95  An obituary in \"The Irish Times' stated that \"...\n",
       "96  During his term of office, its membership grew...\n",
       "97  Without his ability to co-ordinate plan and in...\n",
       "98                                         ==========\n",
       "99                               Alexander Vinokourov\n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 1 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[0:100]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'df' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-29-6de84c169d01>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mlines\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlines\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtolist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlines\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m15\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'df' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lines = df.lines.tolist()\n",
    "lines[0:15]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "60843\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Without his ability to co-ordinate plan and inspire, only a fraction of this extraordinary progress could have been achieved.\"',\n",
       " '==========',\n",
       " 'Alexander Vinokourov',\n",
       " 'Alexander Nikolaevich Vinokourov (; born 16 September 1973) is a Kazakh former professional road bicycle racer and current general manager of UCI ProTeam .']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(lines))\n",
    "lines[97:101]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ground-truth Segment Boundaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
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       " 18907,\n",
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       " 18986,\n",
       " 19265,\n",
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       " 19572,\n",
       " 19599,\n",
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       " 19661,\n",
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       " 19699,\n",
       " 19734,\n",
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       " 19830,\n",
       " 19894,\n",
       " 19903,\n",
       " 19923,\n",
       " 19928,\n",
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       " 20001,\n",
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       " 21022,\n",
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       " 22995,\n",
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       " 23715,\n",
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       " 23908,\n",
       " 23932,\n",
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       " 24020,\n",
       " 24028,\n",
       " 24035,\n",
       " 24055,\n",
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       " 24093,\n",
       " 24127,\n",
       " 24143,\n",
       " 24177,\n",
       " 24207,\n",
       " 24242,\n",
       " 24270,\n",
       " 24318,\n",
       " 24341,\n",
       " 24353,\n",
       " 24362,\n",
       " 24395,\n",
       " 24412,\n",
       " 24426,\n",
       " 24471,\n",
       " 24505,\n",
       " 24533,\n",
       " 24587,\n",
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       " 24643,\n",
       " 24679,\n",
       " 24708,\n",
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       " 24762,\n",
       " 24772,\n",
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       " 24876,\n",
       " 24886,\n",
       " 24899,\n",
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       " 24997,\n",
       " 25005,\n",
       " 25066,\n",
       " 25121,\n",
       " 25123,\n",
       " 25138,\n",
       " 25145,\n",
       " 25245,\n",
       " 25247,\n",
       " 25253,\n",
       " 25260,\n",
       " 25267,\n",
       " 25288,\n",
       " 25325,\n",
       " 25336,\n",
       " 25384,\n",
       " 25403,\n",
       " 25414,\n",
       " 25440,\n",
       " 25458,\n",
       " 25495,\n",
       " 25526,\n",
       " 25553,\n",
       " 25571,\n",
       " 25591,\n",
       " 25627,\n",
       " 25650,\n",
       " 25706,\n",
       " 25748,\n",
       " 25754,\n",
       " 25789,\n",
       " 25817,\n",
       " 25841,\n",
       " 25872,\n",
       " 25893,\n",
       " 25923,\n",
       " 25946,\n",
       " 25973,\n",
       " 25988,\n",
       " 26012,\n",
       " 26034,\n",
       " 26093,\n",
       " 26098,\n",
       " 26132,\n",
       " 26165,\n",
       " 26190,\n",
       " 26228,\n",
       " 26236,\n",
       " 26264,\n",
       " 26311,\n",
       " 26317,\n",
       " 26351,\n",
       " 26394,\n",
       " 26410,\n",
       " 26426,\n",
       " 26458,\n",
       " 26465,\n",
       " 26483,\n",
       " 26505,\n",
       " 26523,\n",
       " 26571,\n",
       " 26578,\n",
       " 26590,\n",
       " 26630,\n",
       " ...]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "segment_start_indexes = np.where(df[\"lines\"]==\"==========\")\n",
    "segment_index_list = segment_start_indexes[0].tolist()\n",
    "segment_index_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Intermediate step to Generate Couples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list_segment_start_end_indexes = []\n",
    "for i in range(0,len(segment_index_list)):\n",
    "    for j in range(i, len(segment_index_list)):\n",
    "        if i==j:\n",
    "            continue\n",
    "        list_segment_start_end_indexes.append((segment_index_list[i],segment_index_list[j]))        \n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       " (26394, 26410),\n",
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       " (26571, 26578),\n",
       " (26578, 26590),\n",
       " (26590, 26630),\n",
       " (26630, 26658),\n",
       " ...]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_segment_start_end_indexes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_segment_filled_numerics = []\n",
    "for (x,y) in list_segment_start_end_indexes:\n",
    "    numerics = []\n",
    "    for i in range(x+1,y):\n",
    "        numerics.append(i)\n",
    "    list_segment_filled_numerics.append(numerics)\n",
    "list_segment_filled_numerics[0:2]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
      "[3, 2, 0, 4, 1]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s=list(range(5))\n",
    "print(s)\n",
    "random.shuffle(s) # << shuffle before print or assignment\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "random.shuffle(list_segment_filled_numerics)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[[24915,\n",
       "  24916,\n",
       "  24917,\n",
       "  24918,\n",
       "  24919,\n",
       "  24920,\n",
       "  24921,\n",
       "  24922,\n",
       "  24923,\n",
       "  24924,\n",
       "  24925,\n",
       "  24926,\n",
       "  24927,\n",
       "  24928,\n",
       "  24929,\n",
       "  24930,\n",
       "  24931],\n",
       " [8238,\n",
       "  8239,\n",
       "  8240,\n",
       "  8241,\n",
       "  8242,\n",
       "  8243,\n",
       "  8244,\n",
       "  8245,\n",
       "  8246,\n",
       "  8247,\n",
       "  8248,\n",
       "  8249,\n",
       "  8250,\n",
       "  8251,\n",
       "  8252,\n",
       "  8253,\n",
       "  8254,\n",
       "  8255,\n",
       "  8256,\n",
       "  8257,\n",
       "  8258,\n",
       "  8259,\n",
       "  8260,\n",
       "  8261,\n",
       "  8262,\n",
       "  8263,\n",
       "  8264,\n",
       "  8265,\n",
       "  8266,\n",
       "  8267,\n",
       "  8268,\n",
       "  8269,\n",
       "  8270,\n",
       "  8271,\n",
       "  8272,\n",
       "  8273,\n",
       "  8274,\n",
       "  8275,\n",
       "  8276,\n",
       "  8277,\n",
       "  8278,\n",
       "  8279,\n",
       "  8280,\n",
       "  8281]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_segment_filled_numerics[0:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-44-fca70573862f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     27\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;31m## skip 10 records to generate more distributed false labeled couples\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     28\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mres\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcreate_groundtruths_from_different_segments\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlist_segment_filled_numerics\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlist_segment_filled_numerics\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 29\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mcouples\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcouples\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mres\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     30\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mcnt\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     31\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m%\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "couples=[]\n",
    "for i in range(0,len(list_segment_filled_numerics)):\n",
    "    if(i%100==0):\n",
    "        logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_same_segments started for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "    couple1 = list_segment_filled_numerics[i]\n",
    "    #print(couple1)\n",
    "    for k in range(0,len(couple1)):\n",
    "        for m in range(k, len(couple1)):\n",
    "            if(k==m):\n",
    "                continue\n",
    "            couples.append((couple1[k],couple1[m],True))\n",
    "    if(i%100==0):\n",
    "        logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_same_segments completed for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "        logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_different_segments started for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    ## To generate couples of sentences from different segments as possible, we apply some custom logic\n",
    "    cnt = 0\n",
    "    for j in range(i, len(list_segment_filled_numerics)):\n",
    "        if(i==j):\n",
    "            continue\n",
    "        if((j-i)<20):\n",
    "            #if it is slow on your machine, remove this condition\n",
    "            continue\n",
    "        if(cnt>40):\n",
    "            ## 40 records per iteration is enough to create false labeled couples, if this condition is not set, there will be millions of false labeled couples which is no-sense\n",
    "            break\n",
    "        ##if(j%5==0): \n",
    "            ## skip 10 records to generate more distributed false labeled couples\n",
    "        res = create_groundtruths_from_different_segments(list_segment_filled_numerics[i], list_segment_filled_numerics[j])                                            \n",
    "        couples = couples + res\n",
    "        cnt+=1\n",
    "    if(i%100==0):\n",
    "        logger.info(\"create_groundtruths_from_different_segments completed for \" + str(i) + \"th record out of \" + str(len(list_segment_filled_numerics)))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#couples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "col_first_sentence_id = []\n",
    "col_second_sentence_id = []\n",
    "col_first_sentence = []\n",
    "col_second_sentence= []\n",
    "col_two_sentences_in_same_segment = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for sen1,sen2,is_same in couples:\n",
    "    col_first_sentence_id.append(sen1)\n",
    "    col_second_sentence_id.append(sen2)\n",
    "    col_first_sentence.append(lines[sen1])\n",
    "    col_second_sentence.append(lines[sen2])\n",
    "    col_two_sentences_in_same_segment.append(is_same)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(len(col_first_sentence_id)):\n",
    "    if(i%100==0):\n",
    "        logger.info(str(col_first_sentence_id[i])+\",\"+str(col_second_sentence_id[i])+\",\"+str(col_first_sentence[i])+\",\"+str(col_second_sentence[i])+\",\"+str(col_two_sentences_in_same_segment[i]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data_tuples = list(zip(col_first_sentence_id,col_second_sentence_id,col_first_sentence,col_second_sentence,col_two_sentences_in_same_segment))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(data_tuples, columns=[\"first_sentence_id\",\"second_sentence_id\",\"first_sentence\",\"second_sentence\",\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2122185, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first_sentence_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>second_sentence_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>first_sentence</th>\n",
       "      <th>second_sentence</th>\n",
       "      <th>two_sentences_in_same_segment</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6873</td>\n",
       "      <td>6874</td>\n",
       "      <td>Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The saints curse Jaya and Vijaya to be born th...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>6873</td>\n",
       "      <td>6875</td>\n",
       "      <td>Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jaya and Vijaya are born as Hiranyaksha and Hi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6873</td>\n",
       "      <td>6876</td>\n",
       "      <td>Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hiranyaksha steals the earth and hides it.</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>6873</td>\n",
       "      <td>6877</td>\n",
       "      <td>Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lord Shri Vishnu incarnates as Varaha and kill...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6873</td>\n",
       "      <td>6878</td>\n",
       "      <td>Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hiranyakashipu vows revenge.</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   first_sentence_id  second_sentence_id  \\\n",
       "0               6873                6874   \n",
       "1               6873                6875   \n",
       "2               6873                6876   \n",
       "3               6873                6877   \n",
       "4               6873                6878   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      first_sentence  \\\n",
       "0  Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...   \n",
       "1  Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...   \n",
       "2  Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...   \n",
       "3  Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...   \n",
       "4  Episode 18: Lord Brahma's four saintly sons vi...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     second_sentence  \\\n",
       "0  The saints curse Jaya and Vijaya to be born th...   \n",
       "1  Jaya and Vijaya are born as Hiranyaksha and Hi...   \n",
       "2         Hiranyaksha steals the earth and hides it.   \n",
       "3  Lord Shri Vishnu incarnates as Varaha and kill...   \n",
       "4                       Hiranyakashipu vows revenge.   \n",
       "\n",
       "   two_sentences_in_same_segment  \n",
       "0                           True  \n",
       "1                           True  \n",
       "2                           True  \n",
       "3                           True  \n",
       "4                           True  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True     1466151\n",
       "False     656034\n",
       "Name: two_sentences_in_same_segment, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.two_sentences_in_same_segment.value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(200000, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_true = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==True].sample(n=200000) \n",
    "df_true.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(200000, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_false = df[df[\"two_sentences_in_same_segment\"]==False].sample(n=200000) \n",
    "df_false.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(400000, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced = pd.concat([df_true,df_false])\n",
    "df_balanced.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(400000, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced = df_balanced.sample(frac=1).reset_index(drop=True)\n",
    "df_balanced.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first_sentence_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>second_sentence_id</th>\n",
       "      <th>first_sentence</th>\n",
       "      <th>second_sentence</th>\n",
       "      <th>two_sentences_in_same_segment</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8804</td>\n",
       "      <td>8842</td>\n",
       "      <td>At the end of the 19th century, the vines of W...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The two to three decades after the war are kno...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>9014</td>\n",
       "      <td>30408</td>\n",
       "      <td>He had hoped to be accepted for pilot training...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The young princess was rumored to be expecting...</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>33984</td>\n",
       "      <td>34012</td>\n",
       "      <td>Say it.</td>\n",
       "      <td>I promise you\" (29–30).</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>54494</td>\n",
       "      <td>54542</td>\n",
       "      <td>The opening up of different ways in experienci...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Opposed to this imaginary was \"Reaction\", a ve...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>59038</td>\n",
       "      <td>59170</td>\n",
       "      <td>'Fathers and Sons\" –</td>\n",
       "      <td>'Federalist No.</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   first_sentence_id  second_sentence_id  \\\n",
       "0               8804                8842   \n",
       "1               9014               30408   \n",
       "2              33984               34012   \n",
       "3              54494               54542   \n",
       "4              59038               59170   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      first_sentence  \\\n",
       "0  At the end of the 19th century, the vines of W...   \n",
       "1  He had hoped to be accepted for pilot training...   \n",
       "2                                            Say it.   \n",
       "3  The opening up of different ways in experienci...   \n",
       "4                               'Fathers and Sons\" –   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     second_sentence  \\\n",
       "0  The two to three decades after the war are kno...   \n",
       "1  The young princess was rumored to be expecting...   \n",
       "2                            I promise you\" (29–30).   \n",
       "3  Opposed to this imaginary was \"Reaction\", a ve...   \n",
       "4                                    'Federalist No.   \n",
       "\n",
       "   two_sentences_in_same_segment  \n",
       "0                           True  \n",
       "1                          False  \n",
       "2                           True  \n",
       "3                           True  \n",
       "4                           True  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Store the Balanced Dataset to use later in a BERT classification task"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced.to_pickle(\"/Users/emrecalisir/git/data/wiki/wiki_test_2.bert\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced = pd.read_pickle(\"/Users/emrecalisir/git/data/wiki/wiki_test_2.bert\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'df_balanced' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-a08879acabd8>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mdf_balanced\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhead\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'df_balanced' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_balanced.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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