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Deploy Java Lambda functions with .zip file archives

To create a container image to deploy your function code, see Using container images with Lambda.

A .zip file archive is a deployment package that contains your compiled function code and dependencies. You can upload the package directly to Lambda, or you can use an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket, and then upload it to Lambda. If the deployment package is larger than 50 MB, you must use Amazon S3.

Lambda provides the following libraries for Java functions:

These libraries are available through Maven Central Repository. Add them to your build definition as follows:

[ Gradle ]

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-core:1.2.1'
    implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-events:3.1.0'
    runtimeOnly 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-log4j2:1.2.0'
}

[ Maven ]

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
      <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
      <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-events</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
      <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-log4j2</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

To create a deployment package, compile your function code and dependencies into a single .zip file or Java Archive (JAR) file. For Gradle, use the Zip build type. For Apache Maven, use the Maven Shade plugin.

Note
To keep your deployment package size small, package your function's dependencies in layers. Layers enable you to manage your dependencies independently, can be used by multiple functions, and can be shared with other accounts. For more information, see AWS Lambda layers.

You can upload your deployment package by using the Lambda console, the Lambda API, or AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM).

To upload a deployment package with the Lambda console

  1. Open the Functions page on the Lambda console.

  2. Choose a function.

  3. Under Function code, choose Upload.

  4. Upload the deployment package.

  5. Choose Save.

Topics

Building a deployment package with Gradle

To create a deployment package with your function's code and dependencies, use the Zip build type.

Example build.gradle – Build task

task buildZip(type: Zip) {
    from compileJava
    from processResources
    into('lib') {
        from configurations.runtimeClasspath
    }
}

This build configuration produces a deployment package in the build/distributions directory. The compileJava task compiles your function's classes. The processResources task copies libraries from the build's classpath into a directory named lib.

Example build.gradle – Dependencies

dependencies {
    implementation platform('software.amazon.awssdk:bom:2.10.73')
    implementation 'software.amazon.awssdk:lambda'
    implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-core:1.2.1'
    implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-events:3.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
    implementation 'org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:2.13.0'
    implementation 'org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core:2.13.0'
    runtimeOnly 'org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-slf4j18-impl:2.13.0'
    runtimeOnly 'com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-log4j2:1.2.0'
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.6.0'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.6.0'
}

Lambda loads JAR files in Unicode alphabetical order. If multiple JAR files in the lib directory contain the same class, the first one is used. You can use the following shell script to identify duplicate classes:

Example test-zip.sh

mkdir -p expanded
unzip path/to/my/function.zip -d expanded
find ./expanded/lib -name '*.jar' | xargs -n1 zipinfo -1 | grep '.*.class' | sort | uniq -c | sort

Building a deployment package with Maven

To build a deployment package with Maven, use the Maven Shade plugin. The plugin creates a JAR file that contains the compiled function code and all of its dependencies.

Example pom.xml – Plugin configuration

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

To build the deployment package, use the mvn package command.

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -----------------------< com.example:java-maven >-----------------------
[INFO] Building java-maven-function 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
...
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ java-maven ---
[INFO] Building jar: target/java-maven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:3.2.2:shade (default) @ java-maven ---
[INFO] Including com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-core:jar:1.2.1 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-events:jar:3.1.0 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including joda-time:joda-time:jar:2.6 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.google.code.gson:gson:jar:2.8.6 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing target/java-maven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with target/java-maven-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  8.321 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-03-03T09:07:19Z
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

This command generates a JAR file in the target directory.

If you use the appender library (aws-lambda-java-log4j2), you must also configure a transformer for the Maven Shade plugin. The transformer library combines versions of a cache file that appear in both the appender library and in Log4j.

Example pom.xml – Plugin configuration with Log4j 2 appender

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <transformers>
                <transformer implementation="com.github.edwgiz.maven_shade_plugin.log4j2_cache_transformer.PluginsCacheFileTransformer">
                </transformer>
              </transformers>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.edwgiz</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin.log4j2-cachefile-transformer</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </plugin>

Uploading a deployment package with the Lambda API

To update a function's code with the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) or AWS SDK, use the UpdateFunctionCode API operation. For the AWS CLI, use the update-function-code command. The following command uploads a deployment package named my-function.zip in the current directory:

~/my-function$ aws lambda update-function-code --function-name my-function --zip-file fileb://my-function.zip
{
    "FunctionName": "my-function",
    "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-2:123456789012:function:my-function",
    "Runtime": "java8",
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-role",
    "Handler": "example.Handler",
    "CodeSha256": "Qf0hMc1I2di6YFMi9aXm3JtGTmcDbjniEuiYonYptAk=",
    "Version": "$LATEST",
    "TracingConfig": {
        "Mode": "Active"
    },
    "RevisionId": "983ed1e3-ca8e-434b-8dc1-7d72ebadd83d",
    ...
}

If your deployment package is larger than 50 MB, you can't upload it directly. Upload it to an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket and point Lambda to the object. The following example commands upload a deployment package to an S3 bucket named my-bucket and use it to update a function's code:

~/my-function$ aws s3 cp my-function.zip s3://my-bucket
 upload: my-function.zip to s3://my-bucket/my-function
 ~/my-function$ aws lambda update-function-code --function-name my-function \
 --s3-bucket my-bucket --s3-key my-function.zip
{
    "FunctionName": "my-function",
    "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-2:123456789012:function:my-function",
    "Runtime": "java8",
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-role",
    "Handler": "example.Handler",
    "CodeSha256": "Qf0hMc1I2di6YFMi9aXm3JtGTmcDbjniEuiYonYptAk=",
    "Version": "$LATEST",
    "TracingConfig": {
        "Mode": "Active"
    },
    "RevisionId": "983ed1e3-ca8e-434b-8dc1-7d72ebadd83d",
    ...
}

You can use this method to upload function packages up to 250 MB (decompressed).

Uploading a deployment package with AWS SAM

You can use AWS SAM to automate deployments of your function code, configuration, and dependencies. AWS SAM is an extension of AWS CloudFormation that provides a simplified syntax for defining serverless applications. The following example template defines a function with a deployment package in the build/distributions directory that Gradle uses:

Example template.yml

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Transform: 'AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31'
Description: An AWS Lambda application that calls the Lambda API.
Resources:
  function:
    Type: [AWS::Serverless::Function](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/sam-resource-function.html)
    Properties:
      CodeUri: build/distributions/java-basic.zip
      Handler: example.Handler
      Runtime: java8
      Description: Java function
      MemorySize: 512
      Timeout: 10
      # Function's execution role
      Policies:
        - AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
        - AWSLambdaReadOnlyAccess
        - AWSXrayWriteOnlyAccess
        - AWSLambdaVPCAccessExecutionRole
      Tracing: Active

To create the function, use the package and deploy commands. These commands are customizations to the AWS CLI. They wrap other commands to upload the deployment package to Amazon S3, rewrite the template with the object URI, and update the function's code.

The following example script runs a Gradle build and uploads the deployment package that it creates. It creates an AWS CloudFormation stack the first time you run it. If the stack already exists, the script updates it.

Example deploy.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -eo pipefail
aws cloudformation package --template-file template.yml --s3-bucket MY_BUCKET --output-template-file out.yml
aws cloudformation deploy --template-file out.yml --stack-name java-basic --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM

For a complete working example, see the following sample applications:

Sample Lambda applications in Java

  • blank-java – A Java function that shows the use of Lambda's Java libraries, logging, environment variables, layers, AWS X-Ray tracing, unit tests, and the AWS SDK.
  • java-basic – A minimal Java function with unit tests and variable logging configuration.
  • java-events – A minimal Java function that uses the aws-lambda-java-events library with event types that don't require the AWS SDK as a dependency, such as Amazon API Gateway.
  • java-events-v1sdk – A Java function that uses the aws-lambda-java-events library with event types that require the AWS SDK as a dependency (Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon DynamoDB, and Amazon Kinesis).
  • s3-java – A Java function that processes notification events from Amazon S3 and uses the Java Class Library (JCL) to create thumbnails from uploaded image files.