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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Meta -->
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Sideshow template</title>
<!-- Styles -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/easy-slides.css">
</head>
<body>
<main>
<aside class="controls">
<button class="button button--icon controls__button controls__button--left">
<span><</span>
</button>
<button class="button button--icon controls__button controls__button--right">
<span>></span>
</button>
</aside>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h1>
CSS 101 - The basics<br>
<small>Craig Fisk @the_fisk</small>
</h1>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">A little about me</h2>
<ul class="h2">
<li>~ 9 years experience as a front end developer</li>
<li>
Worked across many industries
<ul>
<li>Games</li>
<li>Oil & Gas</li>
<li>Automotive</li>
<li>etc</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Worked at Barclays: AVP UI Developer for 1.5 year</li>
<li>I <3 CSS</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">What is CSS?</h2>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">CSS a.k.a. Cascading Style Sheets</h2>
<ul class="h2">
<li>One of the cornerstone technologies of the web</li>
<ul>
<li>HTML (Content)</li>
<li>CSS (Looks & Layout)</li>
<li>Javascript (Interactivity & Data)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<blockquote class="h2">
<p class="h2">CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media.</p>
<p class="h2">(CSS) is standardised across web browsers according to the W3C specification. Developed in levels, CSS 1 is now obsolete,<br>
CSS 2.1 is a recommendation, and CSS 3, noow split into smaller modules, is progressing on the standardisation track.</p>
</blockquote>
<cite class="h3">- MDN web docs</cite>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">CSS is a stylesheet language</h2>
<p class="h2">It is <strong>not a programming language</strong> (e.g. Javascript, Java etc) and it is <strong>not a markup language</strong> (e.g. HTML, XML, Markdown) <strong>it is a stylesheet language</strong></p>
<p class="h2"><strong>The syntax allows you to selectively choose a set of elements on a HTML page and apply any number of properties to them.</strong></p>
<!-- <div class="syntax syntax--hidden">
<code>
<span class="tab-0"><span class="syntax__selector">div.my-class</span> {</span>
<span class="tab-1"><span class="syntax__property">background-color</span>: <span class="syntax__value">red</span>;</span>
<span class="tab-0">}</span>
</code>
</div> -->
<div class="syntax h3">
<code>
<span><span class="syntax__selector">div.my-class</span> {</span>
<span class="tab-1"><span class="syntax__property">background-color</span>: <span class="syntax__value">red</span>;</span>
<span>}</span>
</code>
</div>
<p class="text-center">
<button class="button" id="syntaxButton">Toggle</button>
</p>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">5 types of CSS selector</h2>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors - Simple Selectors
</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Tag:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>div</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Class:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>.block__element--modifier</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>ID:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>#iAmUnique</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors - Attribute Selectors
</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Has attribute:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>[data-my-attribute]</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Has attribute with value:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>[data-index=5]</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Has attribute and contains value:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>[data-colour*="pink"]</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors - Pseudo Class Selectors
</h2>
<p class="h3"><strong>Select an element in a given state</strong></p>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:hover</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:first-of-type</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:disabled</code></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:last-child</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:only-of-type</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>:focus</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors - Pseudo Element Selectors
</h2>
<p class="h3"><strong>Select a certain part of an element</strong></p>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>::first-letter</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>::before</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><code>::after</code></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-50 column">
<p class="h3"><code>::first-line</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-50 column">
<p class="h3"><code>::selection</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors - Combinators
</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>List (this and that):</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>.foo, #bar</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Decendent:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>#foo .bar</code></p>
</div>
<div class="split-33 column">
<p class="h3"><strong>Direct Child:</strong></p>
<p class="h3"><code>div > p</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Selectors
</h2>
<h2>Selectors can be combined:</h2>
<p class="h3"><code class="language-css">#myId > div.first-class p[data-color*="red"]:hover::first-letter { }</code></p>
<p class="h3">Select the first letter of a <code><p></code> tag that is being hovered, but only if it has an <strong>attribute</strong> on it called <strong>data-color</strong> containing the string "red" in it's value, but only if it is a decendent of a <code><div></code> with the class <code>.first-clsss</code> on it that is a direct decendent of an element with the id "myId"</p>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
CSS Properties and Values
</h2>
<p class="h3">Within any given selector you can then set any number of properties with given values.</p>
<p class="h3">Some properties are only valid for certain HTML elements.</p>
<p class="h3">But the most common properties are generally valid on any HTML element.</p>
<p class="h3">Each property has a very specific list of values/keywords or specific syntax that must be used to define their values</p>
<div class="flex-container">
<ul class="h3">
<li>margin</li>
<li>padding</li>
<li>border</li>
<li>color</li>
</ul>
<ul class="h3">
<li>background</li>
<li>opacity</li>
<li>font-size</li>
<li>line-height</li>
</ul>
<ul class="h3">
<li>transform</li>
<li>letter-spacing</li>
<li>animation</li>
<li>etc .....</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">
Now we understand the basic syntax
</h2>
<h2>
Where does CSS live?
</h2>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
Where does CSS live?
</h2>
<p class="h2">CSS can be included into a HTML document in 3 ways</p>
<ul class="h3">
<li>
In a Separate CSS file included in the <HEAD> of the document<br>
<code class="language-html"><link href=“url/to/my/stylesheet/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></code>
</li>
<li>
Within a <style> tag in the <HEAD> or <body> of the document<br>
<code class="language-html">
<style> #myID { color: red; } </style>
</code>
</li>
<li>
Inline within the style attribute of the particular element<br>
<code class="language-html"><p style="color: green;"> My text </p></code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">
Time to play with some code!
</h2>
<a class="h2" href="https://codepen.io/the_fisk/pen/YxPyjo?editors=1100" target="_blank">Go to Codepen!</a>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">
Question: What colour will the text be?
</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-50">
<pre>
<code class="language-html code--large">
<style>
.myClass {
color: red;
}
#myId {
color: orange;
}
div > p {
color: green;
}
</style>
<div>
<p id="myId" class="myClass">
What Colour Will I be?
</p>
</div>
</code>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="split-50">
<style>
.myClass {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
#myId {
color: orange;
}
div > p.myClass {
color: green;
}
</style>
<div class="text-center">
<button class="button" id="specificityButton">Show/Hide Answer</button>
</div>
<div id="questionHide" class="hidden text-center">
<p id="myId" class="myClass h1">
What Colour Will I be?
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">Specificity</h2>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">How do we know which style will be applied?</h2>
<h3>2 Key factors</h3>
<ul class="h3">
<li>
Ordering
<ul>
<li>
If specificity of 2 selectors is the same then the one written last is applied</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Specificity
<ul>
<li>Overrides ordering</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2 class="h1">
How do we calculate<sup>*</sup> specificity?
</h2>
<h3>(Yes it involves maths.....sort of)</h3>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>The calculation</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="text-center flex-container">
<div class="split-20">
<span class="h4">
Most specific
</span>
</div>
<div style="flex-grow: 2">
<span class="h4">
----------------------------------------->
</span>
</div>
<div class="split-20">
<span class="h4">
Least specific
</span>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 1</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-css">
/* 0-0-0-1-0 */
.my-class { }
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 2</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-css">
/* 0-0-0-1-1 */
/* Winner! */
p.special-text { }
/* 0-0-0-1-0 */
/* Loser! */
.my-class { }
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 3</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-css">
/* 0-0-1-0-0 */
/* Winner! */
#myUniqueId { }
/* 0-0-0-1-1 */
/* Loser! */
p.special-text { }
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 4</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-css">
/* 0-0-1-0-0 */
/* Winner! */
#myUniqueId { }
/* 0-0-0-3-5 */
/* Loser! */
section > div.myClass p.secondClass > a:hover::first-letter { }
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 5</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-html">
<!-- 0-0-1-0-0 -->
<!-- Loser! -->
<style>
#myUniqueId {
color: red;
}
</style>
<!-- 0-1-0-0-0 -->
<!-- Winner! -->
<p id="myUniqueId" style="color: blue;"> Hello </p>
</code>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2>Example 6</h2>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
1
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">!important <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">inline-style <sup>*</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">#ID</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">.class, [attribute], :pseudo-class</p>
</div>
<div class="split-20 text-center card section">
<div class="card__title">
0
</div>
<p class="card__body h4">Element,<br> ::pseudo-element</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<pre>
<code class="language-html">
<!-- 1-0-0-0-0 -->
<!-- Winner! -->
<style>
#myUniqueId {
color: red !important;
}
</style>
<!-- 0-1-0-0-0 -->
<!-- Loser! -->
<p id="myUniqueId" style="color: blue;"> Hello </p>
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section class="slide">
<h2 class="h1">Recap</h2>
<h2>Which CSS properties will apply?</h2>
<ul class="h3">
<li>
Which selector is more specific?
<ul>
<li><strong>!important</strong> => <strong>Inline-style</strong> => <strong>#ID</strong> => <strong>.class</strong>, <strong>[attribute]</strong>, <strong>:pseudo-class</strong> => <strong>Element</strong>, <strong>::pseudo-element</strong><br><br> OR <br><br></li>
<li>Same specificity? - Which ever comes last on the page</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide slide--title">
<h2>Any Questions?</h2>
</section>
</main>
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<script src="js/index.js" type="module"></script>
</body>
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