diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 389e9f600ee..3e7cbe391f0 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ resolver = "2"
 [workspace.package]
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.75"
+rust-version = "1.70"
 authors = ["Alloy Contributors"]
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/next"
diff --git a/crates/contract/src/call.rs b/crates/contract/src/call.rs
index ef5e1b6ac0b..1028a77e21c 100644
--- a/crates/contract/src/call.rs
+++ b/crates/contract/src/call.rs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ pub trait CallDecoder: private::Sealed {
     #[doc(hidden)]
     fn abi_decode_output(&self, data: Bytes, validate: bool) -> Result<Self::CallOutput>;
 
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug;
+    //#[doc(hidden)]
+    //fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug;
 }
 
 impl CallDecoder for Function {
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ impl CallDecoder for Function {
         FunctionExt::abi_decode_output(self, &data, validate).map_err(Error::AbiError)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
-        self
-    }
+    //#[inline]
+    //fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
+    //    self
+    //}
 }
 
 impl<C: SolCall> CallDecoder for PhantomData<C> {
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ impl<C: SolCall> CallDecoder for PhantomData<C> {
         C::abi_decode_returns(&data, validate).map_err(|e| Error::AbiError(e.into()))
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
-        std::any::type_name::<C>()
-    }
+    //#[inline]
+    //fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
+    //    std::any::type_name::<C>()
+    //}
 }
 
 impl CallDecoder for () {
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ impl CallDecoder for () {
         Ok(data)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
-        format_args!("()")
-    }
+    //#[inline]
+    //fn as_debug_field(&self) -> impl std::fmt::Debug {
+    //    format_args!("()")
+    //}
 }
 
 /// A builder for sending a transaction via `eth_sendTransaction`, or calling a contract via
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ impl<P, D: CallDecoder> std::fmt::Debug for CallBuilder<P, D> {
             .field("request", &self.request)
             .field("block", &self.block)
             .field("state", &self.state)
-            .field("decoder", &self.decoder.as_debug_field())
+            //.field("decoder", &self.decoder.as_debug_field())
             .finish()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/pubsub/src/connect.rs b/crates/pubsub/src/connect.rs
index 7c26355d604..5e74f08d9e0 100644
--- a/crates/pubsub/src/connect.rs
+++ b/crates/pubsub/src/connect.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{handle::ConnectionHandle, service::PubSubService, PubSubFrontend};
-use alloy_transport::{impl_future, TransportResult};
+use alloy_transport::{Pbf, TransportError};
 
 /// Configuration objects that contain connection details for a backend.
 ///
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ pub trait PubSubConnect: Sized + Send + Sync + 'static {
     /// [`ConnectionInterface`], and return the corresponding handle.
     ///
     /// [`ConnectionInterface`]: crate::ConnectionInterface
-    fn connect(&self) -> impl_future!(<Output = TransportResult<ConnectionHandle>>);
+    fn connect<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, ConnectionHandle, TransportError>;
 
     /// Attempt to reconnect the transport.
     ///
     /// Override this to add custom reconnection logic to your connector. This
     /// will be used by the internal pubsub connection managers in the event the
     /// connection fails.
-    fn try_reconnect(&self) -> impl_future!(<Output = TransportResult<ConnectionHandle>>) {
+    fn try_reconnect<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, ConnectionHandle, TransportError> {
         self.connect()
     }
 
     /// Convert the configuration object into a service with a running backend.
-    fn into_service(self) -> impl_future!(<Output = TransportResult<PubSubFrontend>>) {
-        PubSubService::connect(self)
+    fn into_service(self) -> Pbf<'static, PubSubFrontend, TransportError> {
+        Box::pin(PubSubService::connect(self))
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/pubsub/src/frontend.rs b/crates/pubsub/src/frontend.rs
index 870cd1c7a1a..06477611404 100644
--- a/crates/pubsub/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/crates/pubsub/src/frontend.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{ix::PubSubInstruction, managers::InFlight, RawSubscription};
 use alloy_json_rpc::{RequestPacket, Response, ResponsePacket, SerializedRequest};
 use alloy_primitives::U256;
-use alloy_transport::{TransportError, TransportErrorKind, TransportFut, TransportResult};
+use alloy_transport::{TransportError, TransportErrorKind, TransportFut};
 use futures::{future::try_join_all, FutureExt, TryFutureExt};
 use std::{
     future::Future,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl PubSubFrontend {
     pub fn get_subscription(
         &self,
         id: U256,
-    ) -> impl Future<Output = TransportResult<RawSubscription>> + Send + 'static {
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<RawSubscription, TransportError>> + Send + 'static {
         let backend_tx = self.tx.clone();
         async move {
             let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl PubSubFrontend {
     }
 
     /// Unsubscribe from a subscription.
-    pub fn unsubscribe(&self, id: U256) -> TransportResult<()> {
+    pub fn unsubscribe(&self, id: U256) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
         self.tx
             .send(PubSubInstruction::Unsubscribe(id))
             .map_err(|_| TransportErrorKind::backend_gone())
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl PubSubFrontend {
     pub fn send(
         &self,
         req: SerializedRequest,
-    ) -> impl Future<Output = TransportResult<Response>> + Send + 'static {
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Response, TransportError>> + Send + 'static {
         let tx = self.tx.clone();
         let channel_size = self.channel_size;
 
diff --git a/crates/pubsub/src/managers/in_flight.rs b/crates/pubsub/src/managers/in_flight.rs
index fe466f91ba2..6b405b35bc9 100644
--- a/crates/pubsub/src/managers/in_flight.rs
+++ b/crates/pubsub/src/managers/in_flight.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use alloy_json_rpc::{Response, ResponsePayload, SerializedRequest};
 use alloy_primitives::U256;
-use alloy_transport::{TransportError, TransportResult};
+use alloy_transport::TransportError;
 use std::fmt;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) struct InFlight {
     pub(crate) channel_size: usize,
 
     /// The channel to send the response on.
-    pub(crate) tx: oneshot::Sender<TransportResult<Response>>,
+    pub(crate) tx: oneshot::Sender<Result<Response, TransportError>>,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for InFlight {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl InFlight {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         request: SerializedRequest,
         channel_size: usize,
-    ) -> (Self, oneshot::Receiver<TransportResult<Response>>) {
+    ) -> (Self, oneshot::Receiver<Result<Response, TransportError>>) {
         let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
 
         (Self { request, channel_size, tx }, rx)
diff --git a/crates/pubsub/src/service.rs b/crates/pubsub/src/service.rs
index 84ae35b966b..96689a3bbcd 100644
--- a/crates/pubsub/src/service.rs
+++ b/crates/pubsub/src/service.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use alloy_json_rpc::{Id, PubSubItem, Request, Response, ResponsePayload};
 use alloy_primitives::U256;
 use alloy_transport::{
     utils::{to_json_raw_value, Spawnable},
-    TransportErrorKind, TransportResult,
+    TransportError, TransportErrorKind, TransportResult,
 };
 use serde_json::value::RawValue;
 use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PubSubService<T> {
 
 impl<T: PubSubConnect> PubSubService<T> {
     /// Create a new service from a connector.
-    pub(crate) async fn connect(connector: T) -> TransportResult<PubSubFrontend> {
+    pub(crate) async fn connect(connector: T) -> Result<PubSubFrontend, TransportError> {
         let handle = connector.connect().await?;
 
         let (tx, reqs) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<T: PubSubConnect> PubSubService<T> {
     }
 
     /// Reconnect by dropping the backend and creating a new one.
-    async fn get_new_backend(&mut self) -> TransportResult<ConnectionHandle> {
+    async fn get_new_backend(&mut self) -> Result<ConnectionHandle, TransportError> {
         let mut handle = self.connector.try_reconnect().await?;
         std::mem::swap(&mut self.handle, &mut handle);
         Ok(handle)
diff --git a/crates/rpc-client/src/batch.rs b/crates/rpc-client/src/batch.rs
index 1f208266a9d..b9e6496de5f 100644
--- a/crates/rpc-client/src/batch.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc-client/src/batch.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl<'a, T> BatchRequest<'a, T> {
     fn push<Params: RpcParam, Resp: RpcReturn>(
         &mut self,
         request: Request<Params>,
-    ) -> TransportResult<Waiter<Resp>> {
+    ) -> Result<Waiter<Resp>, TransportError> {
         let ser = request.serialize().map_err(TransportError::ser_err)?;
         Ok(self.push_raw(ser).into())
     }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ where
         &mut self,
         method: &'static str,
         params: &Params,
-    ) -> TransportResult<Waiter<Resp>> {
+    ) -> Result<Waiter<Resp>, TransportError> {
         let request = self.transport.make_request(method, Cow::Borrowed(params));
         self.push(request)
     }
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ impl<T> Future for BatchFuture<T>
 where
     T: Transport + Clone,
 {
-    type Output = TransportResult<()>;
+    type Output = Result<(), TransportError>;
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut task::Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         if matches!(*self.as_mut(), BatchFuture::Prepared { .. }) {
diff --git a/crates/rpc-client/src/builder.rs b/crates/rpc-client/src/builder.rs
index 212915c7b18..0c5d962906c 100644
--- a/crates/rpc-client/src/builder.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc-client/src/builder.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::RpcClient;
 use alloy_transport::{
-    BoxTransport, BoxTransportConnect, Transport, TransportConnect, TransportResult,
+    BoxTransport, BoxTransportConnect, Transport, TransportConnect, TransportError,
 };
 use tower::{
     layer::util::{Identity, Stack},
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<L> ClientBuilder<L> {
     /// Connect a pubsub transport, producing an [`RpcClient`] with the provided
     /// connection.
     #[cfg(feature = "pubsub")]
-    pub async fn pubsub<C>(self, pubsub_connect: C) -> TransportResult<RpcClient<L::Service>>
+    pub async fn pubsub<C>(self, pubsub_connect: C) -> Result<RpcClient<L::Service>, TransportError>
     where
         C: alloy_pubsub::PubSubConnect,
         L: Layer<alloy_pubsub::PubSubFrontend>,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl<L> ClientBuilder<L> {
     pub async fn ws(
         self,
         ws_connect: alloy_transport_ws::WsConnect,
-    ) -> TransportResult<RpcClient<L::Service>>
+    ) -> Result<RpcClient<L::Service>, TransportError>
     where
         L: Layer<alloy_pubsub::PubSubFrontend>,
         L::Service: Transport,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl<L> ClientBuilder<L> {
 
     /// Connect a transport, producing an [`RpcClient`] with the provided
     /// connection.
-    pub async fn connect<C>(self, connect: C) -> TransportResult<RpcClient<L::Service>>
+    pub async fn connect<C>(self, connect: C) -> Result<RpcClient<L::Service>, TransportError>
     where
         C: TransportConnect,
         L: Layer<C::Transport>,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ impl<L> ClientBuilder<L> {
 
     /// Connect a transport, producing an [`RpcClient`] with a [`BoxTransport`]
     /// connection.
-    pub async fn connect_boxed<C>(self, connect: C) -> TransportResult<RpcClient<L::Service>>
+    pub async fn connect_boxed<C>(self, connect: C) -> Result<RpcClient<L::Service>, TransportError>
     where
         C: BoxTransportConnect,
         L: Layer<BoxTransport>,
diff --git a/crates/rpc-client/src/client.rs b/crates/rpc-client/src/client.rs
index be17d740a3b..14490f2fed1 100644
--- a/crates/rpc-client/src/client.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc-client/src/client.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ mod pubsub_impl {
 
     impl RpcClient<PubSubFrontend> {
         /// Connect to a transport via a [`PubSubConnect`] implementor.
-        pub async fn connect_pubsub<C>(connect: C) -> TransportResult<RpcClient<PubSubFrontend>>
+        pub async fn connect_pubsub<C>(connect: C) -> Result<RpcClient<PubSubFrontend>, TransportError>
         where
             C: PubSubConnect,
         {
diff --git a/crates/rpc-types/src/eth/transaction/request.rs b/crates/rpc-types/src/eth/transaction/request.rs
index a15f125e548..fb1d81dec66 100644
--- a/crates/rpc-types/src/eth/transaction/request.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc-types/src/eth/transaction/request.rs
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ impl From<Option<Bytes>> for TransactionInput {
 }
 
 /// Error thrown when both `data` and `input` fields are set and not equal.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, thiserror::Error)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, thiserror::Error)]
 #[error("both \"data\" and \"input\" are set and not equal. Please use \"input\" to pass transaction call data")]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct TransactionInputError;
diff --git a/crates/transport-ipc/src/connect.rs b/crates/transport-ipc/src/connect.rs
index 1371aa64dcf..69cb5cab11b 100644
--- a/crates/transport-ipc/src/connect.rs
+++ b/crates/transport-ipc/src/connect.rs
@@ -28,12 +28,18 @@ macro_rules! impl_connect {
                 true
             }
 
-            async fn connect(
-                &self,
-            ) -> Result<alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle, alloy_transport::TransportError> {
-                crate::IpcBackend::connect(&self.inner)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(alloy_transport::TransportErrorKind::custom)
+            fn connect<'a: 'b, 'b>(
+                &'a self,
+            ) -> alloy_transport::Pbf<
+                'b,
+                alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle,
+                alloy_transport::TransportError,
+            > {
+                Box::pin(async move {
+                    crate::IpcBackend::connect(&self.inner)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(alloy_transport::TransportErrorKind::custom)
+                })
             }
         }
     };
diff --git a/crates/transport-ws/src/native.rs b/crates/transport-ws/src/native.rs
index 8a71032245e..2e76396f4be 100644
--- a/crates/transport-ws/src/native.rs
+++ b/crates/transport-ws/src/native.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::WsBackend;
 use alloy_pubsub::PubSubConnect;
-use alloy_transport::{utils::Spawnable, Authorization, TransportErrorKind, TransportResult};
+use alloy_transport::{utils::Spawnable, Authorization, Pbf, TransportError, TransportErrorKind};
 use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
 use serde_json::value::RawValue;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -42,18 +42,20 @@ impl PubSubConnect for WsConnect {
         alloy_transport::utils::guess_local_url(&self.url)
     }
 
-    async fn connect(&self) -> TransportResult<alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle> {
+    fn connect<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle, TransportError> {
         let request = self.clone().into_client_request();
-        let req = request.map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?;
-        let (socket, _) =
-            tokio_tungstenite::connect_async(req).await.map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?;
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let req = request.map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?;
+            let (socket, _) =
+                tokio_tungstenite::connect_async(req).await.map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?;
 
-        let (handle, interface) = alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle::new();
-        let backend = WsBackend { socket, interface };
+            let (handle, interface) = alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle::new();
+            let backend = WsBackend { socket, interface };
 
-        backend.spawn();
+            backend.spawn();
 
-        Ok(handle)
+            Ok(handle)
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/transport-ws/src/wasm.rs b/crates/transport-ws/src/wasm.rs
index 3789bbc7c97..964953d2159 100644
--- a/crates/transport-ws/src/wasm.rs
+++ b/crates/transport-ws/src/wasm.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::WsBackend;
 use alloy_pubsub::PubSubConnect;
-use alloy_transport::{utils::Spawnable, TransportErrorKind, TransportResult};
+use alloy_transport::{utils::Spawnable, Pbf, TransportError, TransportErrorKind};
 use futures::{
     sink::SinkExt,
     stream::{Fuse, StreamExt},
@@ -20,16 +20,21 @@ impl PubSubConnect for WsConnect {
         alloy_transport::utils::guess_local_url(&self.url)
     }
 
-    async fn connect(&self) -> TransportResult<alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle> {
-        let socket =
-            WsMeta::connect(&self.url, None).await.map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?.1.fuse();
+    fn connect<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle, TransportError> {
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let socket = WsMeta::connect(&self.url, None)
+                .await
+                .map_err(TransportErrorKind::custom)?
+                .1
+                .fuse();
 
-        let (handle, interface) = alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle::new();
-        let backend = WsBackend { socket, interface };
+                let (handle, interface) = alloy_pubsub::ConnectionHandle::new();
+                let backend = WsBackend { socket, interface };
 
-        backend.spawn();
+                backend.spawn();
 
-        Ok(handle)
+                Ok(handle)
+            })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/transport/Cargo.toml b/crates/transport/Cargo.toml
index 2ace36ba033..85a06b3e992 100644
--- a/crates/transport/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/transport/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ exclude.workspace = true
 alloy-json-rpc.workspace = true
 
 base64.workspace = true
-futures-util.workspace = true
 serde_json = { workspace = true, features = ["raw_value"] }
 serde.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/transport/src/connect.rs b/crates/transport/src/connect.rs
index cbf761c0f53..fc4f8fdc281 100644
--- a/crates/transport/src/connect.rs
+++ b/crates/transport/src/connect.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use crate::{BoxTransport, Pbf, Transport, TransportError};
-use futures_util::TryFutureExt;
 
 /// Connection details for a transport.
 ///
@@ -42,15 +41,23 @@ pub trait BoxTransportConnect {
     fn get_boxed_transport<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, BoxTransport, TransportError>;
 }
 
-impl<T: TransportConnect> BoxTransportConnect for T {
+impl<T> BoxTransportConnect for T
+where
+    T: TransportConnect,
+{
     fn is_local(&self) -> bool {
         TransportConnect::is_local(self)
     }
 
     fn get_boxed_transport<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a self) -> Pbf<'b, BoxTransport, TransportError> {
-        Box::pin(self.get_transport().map_ok(Transport::boxed))
+        Box::pin(async move { self.get_transport().await.map(Transport::boxed) })
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-fn _object_safe(_: Box<dyn BoxTransportConnect>) {}
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    fn __compile_check(_: Box<dyn BoxTransportConnect>) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/transport/src/lib.rs b/crates/transport/src/lib.rs
index 9db9bed1a62..b57c1c21477 100644
--- a/crates/transport/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/transport/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,14 +55,6 @@ mod type_aliases {
     /// Future for RPC-level requests.
     pub type RpcFut<'a, T> =
         std::pin::Pin<Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = TransportResult<T>> + Send + 'a>>;
-
-    /// `impl Future` with a `Send` bound.
-    #[macro_export]
-    macro_rules! impl_future {
-        (<$($t:tt)+) => {
-            impl (::core::future::Future<$($t)+) + Send
-        };
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
@@ -81,12 +73,4 @@ mod type_aliases {
     /// Future for RPC-level requests.
     pub type RpcFut<'a, T> =
         std::pin::Pin<Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = TransportResult<T>> + 'a>>;
-
-    /// `impl Future` without a `Send` bound.
-    #[macro_export]
-    macro_rules! impl_future {
-        (<$($t:tt)+) => {
-            impl ::core::future::Future<$($t)+
-        };
-    }
 }
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7793bb30229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "1.70"
+components = ["clippy", "rustfmt", "rust-src"]
+targets = ["wasm32-unknown-unknown"]
+profile = "minimal"